Economy
CBN Unveils S4 Business Rules and Guidelines

By Modupe Gbadeyanka
The Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) has released Scripless Securities Settlement System (S4) Business Rules and Guidelines.
The apex bank explained that it released the guidelines in furtherance of its principal objects to ensure monetary and price stability, to promote a sound financial system and pursuant to the provisions of the CBN Act 2007 and the Banks and Other Financial Institutions Act (BOFIA) LFN 2010.
It noted that the S4, as one of the pillars of global financial markets infrastructure, is a system that holds securities in dematerialised form and enables book entry transfer of securities.
CBN pointed out that in some cases, the system also carries out centralised comparison, and transaction processing such as clearing and settlement of securities.
It said the physical securities shall be immobilized or dematerialised so that they exist only as electronic records and maintains the definitive record of legal ownership, adding that the System holds securities accounts and enables securities to be transferred and settled by book entries according to predetermined multilateral rules.
“Such system allows for the transfer of securities either free of payment – where the transfer of securities does not involve funds, or against payment – where delivery of the securities occurs simultaneously with funds,” it said.
The CBN said the S4 helps in safekeeping, deposit and transfers, interest and principal processing, pledging of securities, issuance of the Government and CBN Securities in electronic form, auction processing, maintenance of all records for authorised transactions and others.
The apex bank said the Business Rules and Guidelines shall regulate issues relating to all the functions and services performed by the S4.
It said these include the rights and obligations of the Regulatory Authority in the performance of its functions; the rights and obligations of the Participants in the operations of the S4; recording of the securities issued in dematerialized form; recording of the rights and ownership of such securities; opening securities accounts, recording and changing of ownership, settlement of the transactions in securities, notification of the issuers and holders of securities, methods for protection against errors in the performance of the functions of the System; manner of establishing and functioning of the System; and other issues within the scope of operations as well as rendering additional services as may be required by the Regulatory Authority.
However, it stressed that only direct participants shall have access to the System, emphasising that the System provides Direct Participants with the Graphical User Interface (GUI) and Batch Adapter (BA) options.
“Both options shall provide the same capabilities to the Participants in their interaction with the System for operations and/or information queries.
“These options shall be made available to Participants at the prevailing cost as may be fixed by the Regulatory Authority,” it said.
View the full guidelines here: https://www.cbn.gov.ng/Out/2017/FMD/S4%20Business%20rules%20and%20guidelines%202017.pdf
Economy
Naira Firms to N1,372/$1 at Official Market, N1,455/$1 at Black Market
By Adedapo Adesanya
The Naira firmed up against the US Dollar in the various segments of the foreign exchange (FX) market on Tuesday, February 3, 2026, on the back of improved forex liquidity.
In the black market window, the local currency improved its value against the Dollar during the session by N10 to sell for N1,455/$1 compared with the previous day’s rate of N1,465/$1, and at the GTBank FX counter, it gained N33 gain to close at N1,386/$1 versus Monday’s closing value of N1,419/$1.
In the Nigerian Autonomous Foreign Exchange Market (NAFEM), the domestic currency appreciated against the greenback by N17.45 to trade at N1,372.91/$1, in contrast to the preceding session’s N1,390.36/$1.
In the same vein, the Nigerian currency chalked up N21.92 against the Pound Sterling yesterday in the official market to quote at N1,877.59/£1 compared with the N1,899.51/£1 it was exchanged a day earlier, and gained N24.76 against the Euro to settle at N1,619.76/€1 versus N1,644.52/€1.
The appreciation seen indicates that available supply is mopping up demand even without any intervention from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) in recent weeks, showing that market-driven currency framework is driving a stronger Naira.
Enhanced price discovery following plans by the apex bank to undertake a comprehensive revamp of the FX manual is acting as a pillar of support.
At a recent forum, the Deputy Governor, Economic Policy, CBN, Mr Muhammad Sani Abdullahi, disclosed that the bank was revamping the manual, a key regulatory document used by banks for export proceeds and other foreign trade-related transactions.
According to him, the document was already undergoing significant reforms aimed at aligning market operations with current economic realities.
Mr Abdullahi explained that the revised manual would introduce clearer rules, stronger oversight and improved processes to support transparency and efficiency in the FX market.
He said the reforms are expected to close loopholes, reduce uncertainty for market participants, and support a more orderly functioning of the foreign exchange system.
Also, Nigeria’s external reserves, which provide the CBN with the capacity to support the Naira, have continued to rise, reaching $46.59 billion as of 2 February 2026, according to CBN data.
In the cryptocurrency market, most prices still remained down as sentiment among short-term traders remaining cautious after thin liquidity and heavy liquidations pushed prices sharply lower.
Global crypto investment products saw $1.7 billion in outflows last week, marking the second consecutive week of heavy redemptions, with Solana (SOL) down by 5.2 per cent to $98.41.
Further, Bitcoin (BTC) depreciated by 2.4 per cent to $76,638.44, Binance Coin (BNB) slumped by 2.0 per cent to $761.78, Ethereum (ETH) dropped by 1.9 per cent to $2,277.16, Ripple (XRP) declined by 0.6 per cent to $1.60, and the US Dollar Tether (USDT) lost 0.1 per cent to sell at $0.9985.
However, Dogecoin (DOGE) improved by 1.7 per cent to $0.1084, Cardano (ADA) expanded by 1.2 per cent to $0.2868, and Litecoin (LTC) increased by 0.9 per cent to $60.63, while the US Dollar Coin (USDC) remained unchanged at $1.00 apiece.
Economy
Investors Gain N333bn Trading Nigerian Equities
By Dipo Olowookere
A 0.31 per cent gain was recorded by the Nigerian Exchange (NGX) Limited on Tuesday, helped by renewed bargain-hunting by investors, with the year-to-date return extending to 6.61 per cent.
It was observed that the growth achieved by Customs Street yesterday was supported by the banking and the industrial goods indices, which went up by 1.32 per cent and 0.69 per cent apiece.
They offset the losses recorded by the three other sectors, with the insurance counter down by 1.32 per cent, the consumer goods segment down by 0.23 per cent, and the energy space down by 0.17 per cent.
At the close of business, the All-Share Index (ASI) increased by 516.94 points to 165,901.57 points from 165,384.63 points and the market capitalization appreciated by N333 billion to N106.495 trillion from N106.162 trillion.
The market breadth index was positive yesterday after the bourse ended with 35 price gainers and 34 price losers, representing bullish investor sentiment.
The quartet of Industrial and Medical Gases (IMG), Union Dicon, Zichis, and Austin Laz chalked up 10.00 per cent each to sell for N34.65, N9.90, N5.06, and N4.07, respectively, while RT Briscoe appreciated by 9.95 per cent to N9.50.
On the flip side, Omatek lost 10.00 per cent to trade at N2.43, Cutix also fell by 10.00 per cent to N3.15, Union Homes shrank by 9.95 per cent to N76.90, Sunu Assurances declined by 9.94 per cent to N4.62, and Deap Capital crashed by 9.93 per cent to N7.62.
During the trading day, 736.4 million stocks worth N24.7 billion exchanged hands in 46,026 deals compared with the 762.8 million stocks valued at N18.4 billion traded in 55,374 deals a day earlier, indicating a rise in the trading value by 34.24 per cent, and a slip in the trading volume and number of deals by 3.46 per cent and 16.88 per cent apiece.
The activity chart was led by volume on the second trading session of the week by GTCO with 65.9 million equities valued at N6.5 billion, Chams transacted 55.7 million shares worth N249.8 million, Custodian Investment traded 49.8 million stocks for N2.2 billion, Universal Insurance sold 36.1 million equities valued at N51.5 million, and Zenith Bank exchanged 35.4 million shares worth N2.6 billion.
Economy
Oil Market Rises 2% on Fresh Iran-US Confrontation
By Adedapo Adesanya
The oil market was up by nearly 2 per cent on Tuesday after the United States shot down an Iranian drone approaching an aircraft carrier and armed boats in the Strait of Hormuz, stoking concerns talks aimed at de-escalating US-Iran tensions could be disrupted.
This action caused the Brent futures to rise by $1.03 or 1.6 per cent to $67.33 per barrel, as the US West Texas Intermediate (WTI) futures jumped by $1.07 or 1.7 per cent to $63.21 a barrel.
Both crude benchmarks dropped more than 4 per cent on Monday after President Donald Trump said Iran was seriously talking with America.
However, the US military shot down an Iranian drone that “aggressively” approached the Abraham Lincoln aircraft carrier in the Arabian Sea on Tuesday.
In the Strait of Hormuz between the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman, Iranian gunboats approached a US-flagged oil tanker in what US and British maritime security sources describe as a failed attempt to interfere with the vessel’s transit.
Members of the Organisation of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) including Saudi Arabia, Iran, the United Arab Emirates, Kuwait and Iraq export most of their crude via the strait, mainly to Asia. The Strait of Hormuz, through which roughly a fifth of the world’s oil supply passes, remains Iran’s most obvious pressure point.
Despite the latest development, the UAE urged Iran and the US on Tuesday to use the resumption of nuclear talks this week to resolve a standoff that has led to mutual threats of air strikes. Iran, meanwhile, is demanding that talks be held in Oman not Turkey.
In Ukraine, President Volodymyr Zelenskiy accused Russia on Tuesday of exploiting a US-backed energy truce to stockpile munitions, and using them to attack Ukraine a day before peace talks. This boosted worries that Russia’s oil would remain sanctioned for longer.
On Monday, President Trump announced a trade deal with India, one of the world’s biggest economies and oil importers, on Monday to cut tariffs to 18 per cent from 50 per cent in exchange for the country halting Russian oil purchases and lowering trade barriers.
The American Petroleum Institute (API) estimated that crude oil inventories in the US decreased by 11.1 million barrels in the week ending January 30. Crude oil inventories decreased by 247,000 barrels in the week prior.
Official data from the US Energy Information Administration (EIA) will be published later on Wednesday.
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