Dipo Olowookere
By FSDH Research
There are now investment products in the Nigerian financial market for all Nigerians, irrespective of their income level. Opening an investment account is now easier than ever, after meeting the basic regulatory Know Your Customer (KYC) requirements.
In fact, in some cases, it could be as simple as A, B, C. Technology has made the process of transferring money into an investment account easy, simple and convenient. Since direct cash payments into investment accounts are not allowed in all cases, investors can now transfer money into their investment accounts through their phones and other convenient online platforms.
A mutual fund is an instrument that creates investment opportunities for retail investors in Nigeria. So instead of stacking your hard-earned money in a place where it does not increase in value, why not commit to a mutual fund and let your money start working for you, even when you are sleeping.
Mutual funds provide retail investors with an opportunity not only to preserve their wealth, but to grow their money. They are similar to the ‘esusu’, ‘ajo’ or ‘adashe’ systems prevalent in Nigeria where a group of people contribute monies on a regular basis to a common purse, usually managed by the leader.
After a specified period, say a week or a month, each person gets back his or her money after paying some sort of commission to the manager. Mutual funds are also similar to piggy banks, which are used to encourage savings amongst both children and adults.
However, mutual funds are better than these forms of savings because the managers of these funds invest the money paid into mutual funds accounts to generate additional income. The fund managers pool funds from various individuals and invest them in financial securities such as Nigerian Treasury Bills, Government Bonds, Commercial Papers, Real Estate and Stocks and Commodities.
In addition, mutual funds offer other benefits to the retail investor. Investors benefit from lower transaction costs. Since knowledgeable and experienced fund managers manage the fund, retail investors can sleep with both eyes closed. The fund managers make the ‘what’, ‘when’ and ‘why’ investment decisions on behalf of the investors in a bid to protect investment and earn the maximum return possible. Fund managers decide what security to invest in, when to do so and why.
From a national perspective, the monies from mutual funds could help to increase savings level in Nigeria, which is currently low compared to other countries. Investment in mutual funds is also a way to provide both short-term and long-term capital for companies and government to expand operations and improve infrastructure. This would help increase production, employment and consumption, and stimulate the economy.
Government would also be able to generate greater revenue through taxes on businesses.
In Nigeria, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) regulates mutual funds operations and the professionals that are involved in them.
Most mutual funds are open-ended investment schemes: new investors can buy additional units at any time. The fund managers are also able to provide active liquidity by buying units from existing investors who want to sell units for cash.
Mutual funds offer investors an opportunity to diversify their investment portfolio. The existence of a Trustee and Custodian to a mutual fund ensures the safety of investments, as the Trustee ensures that the fund is managed in line with approved investment guidelines, while the Custodian holds the fund assets in safe custody.
The mutual fund assets in Nigeria have grown significantly in the last five years, an indication of the growing interest in this class of investment.
Data from the SEC on the Net Asset Value (NAV) of all registered mutual funds in Nigeria shows that the collective NAV grew by 328% between 18 April 2014 and 18 April 2019. This translates to a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 34% between this period.
Despite the impressive growth rate, FSDH Research notes that there is significant room for growth in mutual fund assets as we estimate the ratio of mutual funds to the country’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) to be 0.57%.
FSDH Research notes, however, that mutual funds need more support than is currently available to enable potential investors to fulfil their wealth creation and developmental goals. Government, regulators and the operators in investment management need to provide mutual funds additional support. Government should intensify its efforts at improving the business environment. This will lead to job creation in the country, consequently reducing unemployment, increase savings and investable funds. Regulators could promote innovative legislation to increase investment in mutual funds and expand investment channels to increase returns on the funds invested.
The Fund Managers Association of Nigeria (FMAN) should continue to create public awareness on the benefits of mutual funds in order to generate interest from the investing public.
