Banking
Moody’s Rates First Bank’s NPL Ratio Credit Negative
By Modupe Gbadeyanka
The non-performing loan (NPL) ratio of First Bank of Nigeria (FBN) Limited has been rated credit negative by Moody’s Investors Service because it requires higher loan-loss provisions that will harm profitability.
Moody’s said in a report on Thursday that, “We expected the bank’s NPL ratio to decline to 15 percent to 17 percent by year-end 2018 and to less than 15 percent this year.
“Although management is confident that a large percentage of these NPLs will be resolved this year, Nigeria’s benign economic environment will likely delay defaulters’ recoveries.”
First Bank, one of the five tier-one lenders in Nigeria, announced in its Q1 2019 earnings through its parent company, FBN Holdings Plc, that its NPL ratio was 25.3 percent of gross loans as of March 2019, and 25.9 percent at year-end 2018, versus 19.8 percent in October 2018.
FBN’s Stage 3 (impaired) loans at year-end were N535 billion (about $1.5 billion), which raised the NPL ratio to its present level, highest among its peers.
According to Moody’s, First Bank’s NPL ratio has been high, averaging around 22.6 percent between 2015 and 2018, indicating a challenging environment.
In addition, the Stage 2 loan, those with a significant deterioration in credit risk were 26 percent of gross loans at year end 2018 because of greater delinquencies.
Assuming there is no loan growth in 2019, and using FBN’s NPL ratio, which is a good proxy for First Bank, the bank would need to cut its stock of Stage 3 loans by about 60 percent to reduce the NPL ratio to below 10 percent, which is its management’s target for 2019. It is worthy to note that slower reduction in NPLs will strain First Bank’s solvency and credit profile.
Moody’s noted that because NPLs are concentrated among a few borrowers, resolution of just a few defaulters would significantly reduce the NPL ratio.
First Bank had substantial provisions of about 82 percent of NPLs as of March 2019, which would allow it to accelerate writing off some of its NPLs.
High NPLs will require First Bank to continue to set aside large loan-loss provisions, which will erode its net profits and reduce the amount it can retain capital.
First Bank’s high loan-loss provisions, which averaged 5.7 percent between 2014 and 2017, are significantly higher than those of its peers, which averaged 1.3 percent over the same period. Management’s 2019 loan-loss provision ratio target is 3 percent to 4 percent.
First Bank’s pre-provision income generation capacity is robust, which enables the bank to absorb these elevated asset risks.
The bank’s ratio of pre-provision income to average assets compares favourably with peers whose average ratio was 3.9 percent between 2014 and 2018.
However, the bank’s ratio of net income to average assets is weaker than its peers, limiting organic capital generation.
Banking
N1.3bn Transfer Error: EFCC Recovers N802.4m from Customer for First Bank
By Modupe Gbadeyanka
The Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) has helped First Bank of Nigeria to recover the sum of N802.4 million from a suspect, Mr Kingsley Eghosa Ojo, who unlawfully took possession of over N1.3 billion belonging to the bank.
The funds were handed over the financial institution by the Benin Zonal Directorate of the anti-money laundering agency on Monday, January 12, 2026, a statement on Tuesday confirmed.
First Bank approached the EFCC for the recovery of the money through a petition, claiming that the suspect received the money into his account after system glitches.
The commission in its investigation; discovered that the suspect, upon the receipt of the money, transferred a good measure of it to the bank accounts of his mother, Mrs Itohan Ojo and that of his sister, Ms Edith Okoro Osaretin, and committed part of the money to completion of his building project and the funding of a new flamboyant lifestyle.
With the recovery of the money from the identified bank accounts, the EFCC handed it over in drafts to First Bank.
While handing over the lender, the acting Director for the Directorate, Mr Sa’ad Hanafi Sa’ad, stressed his organisation would continue to discharge its mandate effectively in the overall interests of society.
“The EFCC Establishment Act empowers us to trace and recover proceeds of crime and restitute the victim. In this case, First Bank was the victim and that is exactly what we have done.
“We will continue to discharge our duties to ensure that fraudsters do not benefit from fraud and that economic and financial crimes are nipped in the bud,” he said.
In his response, the Business Manager for First Bank in Benin City, Mr Olalere Sunday Ajayi, who received the drafts on behalf of the bank, commended the EFCC for the swiftness and the professionalism it brought to bear in the handling of the matter and expressed the bank’s gratitude to the commission.
He described the EFCC as one of Nigeria’s most effective and reliable institutions.
Meanwhile, Mr Kingsley and all other suspects in the matter have been charged to court for stealing by the EFCC.
Banking
Why Technology-Enabled Banking is a Multiplier for Nigeria’s 2036 Goal
By Henry Obiekea
Nigeria is at a defining moment in 2026. After several years of bold macroeconomic adjustments, including foreign exchange unification and structural reforms, the country is moving from stabilization into expansion. With the Central Bank of Nigeria restoring confidence in the Naira and foreign reserves reaching a five-year high of over 45 billion dollars, the next phase of growth will be shaped by how effectively Nigerians can participate in the formal financial system.
Technology-enabled banking is playing a critical role in this transition. Commercial banks remain the backbone of the system, providing balance sheet strength, regulatory depth, and long-term capital essential for national development. Yet in a country of over 220 million people, physical access alone cannot deliver financial inclusion at scale.
Mobile-first and digitally delivered financial services are bridging this gap. By extending regulated banking beyond physical locations into everyday devices, licensed microfinance banks and other regulated institutions are bringing millions of Nigerians into the formal economy. This approach helped push formal financial inclusion to over 64 percent in 2025, ensuring the last mile is no longer excluded.
Achieving the Federal Government’s target of a one trillion dollar GDP by 2036 requires efficient capital flow. In the first quarter of 2025 alone, Nigeria recorded over 295 trillion naira in electronic payment transactions. Faster, secure financial infrastructure supports modern commerce, strengthens trade, and improves overall economic productivity.
Micro, small, and medium-scale enterprises, which contribute nearly 48 percent of GDP, are central to this growth. Technology-driven banking models are helping to close long-standing credit gaps. By responsibly using alternative data to assess risk, small-ticket working capital loans provide the “pocket capital” businesses need to grow. This builds a pipeline of enterprises that can mature into larger corporate clients within the broader banking ecosystem.
Digitally delivered financial services also strengthen public revenue mobilisation. Increased transaction transparency supports a broader tax net and contributes directly to government revenues through stamp duty, reinforcing fiscal sustainability.
This evolution is supported by a maturing regulatory environment. The Central Bank of Nigeria’s Open Banking framework, rolling out in phases from early 2026, ensures that all regulated institutions operate under consistent oversight. Secure data sharing standards mean customers’ financial histories can move with them across institutions, strengthening trust and accountability.
At FairMoney Microfinance Bank, we see this framework as a social contract. Knowing that deposits are protected by NDIC insurance and supported by clear dispute resolution mechanisms gives customers the confidence to participate actively in the economy.
The future of Nigerian banking is defined by structural harmony. Traditional banks provide depth and stability, while technology-enabled institutions provide reach, speed, and accessibility. Together, they turn financial access into economic resilience.
By working in alignment, we can ensure every Nigerian, from the Lagos professional to the rural trader, is equipped to contribute meaningfully to our shared one trillion dollar future.
Henry Obiekea is the Managing Director of FairMoney Microfinance Bank
Banking
NDIC Pays Fresh N24.3bn to Defunct Heritage Bank Depositors
By Adedapo Adesanya
The Nigeria Deposit Insurance Corporation (NDIC) has declared the second liquidation dividend payment of N24.3 billion for depositors of the defunct Heritage Bank Limited.
The payment will be made to customers whose account balances exceeded the statutory insured limit of N5 million at the time the bank was closed on June 3, 2024.
This was disclosed in a statement signed by the Head of Communication and Public Affairs Department, Mrs Hawwau Gambo, noting that the new payment, eligible for uninsured depositors, will receive 5.2 Kobo per N1 on their outstanding balances, bringing the cumulative liquidation dividend to 14.4 Kobo per N1 when combined with the first tranche paid earlier.
According to the corporation, it first paid insured deposits of up to N5 million per depositor from its Deposit Insurance Fund, ensuring that small depositors had prompt access to their funds despite the bank’s failure.
NDIC said that in April 2025, it declared and paid a first liquidation dividend of N46.6 billion, equivalent to 9.2 kobo per N1, to depositors with balances above the insured limit, setting the stage for further recoveries as assets were realised.
This latest payout follows the revocation of Heritage Bank’s operating license by the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) on June 3, 2024, after which the NDIC was appointed as liquidator in line with the Banks and Other Financial Institutions Act (BOFIA) 2020 and the NDIC Act 2023.
According to the NDIC, the second liquidation dividend of N24.3 billion was made possible through sustained recovery of debts owed to the defunct bank, disposal of physical assets, and realisation of investments.
The corporation said the payment was effected in line with Section 72 of the NDIC Act 2023, which governs the distribution of liquidation proceeds.
The NDIC noted that these recoveries reflect ongoing efforts to maximise value from Heritage Bank’s assets, assuring depositors that the liquidation process remains active and focused on full reimbursement where possible.
The corporation disclosed that payments will be credited automatically to eligible depositors’ alternative bank accounts already captured in NDIC records using their Bank Verification Numbers (BVN).
Depositors who have received their insured deposits and the first liquidation dividend have been advised to check their accounts for confirmation of the latest payment, while those yet to receive any payout are encouraged to regularise their status.
For depositors without alternative bank accounts or BVNs, or those who have not claimed their insured deposits or first liquidation dividend, the NDIC advised them to visit the nearest NDIC office nationwide or submit an e-claim via the Corporation’s website for prompt processing.
It added that further liquidation dividends will be paid as more assets are realised and outstanding debts recovered.
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