Banking
Profitability of Nigerian Banks Under Threat—Fitch
By Dipo Olowookere
Earlier this month, the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) directed deposit money banks operating in the country to ensure 60 percent of their deposits are offered as loans to customers or risk severe punishment.
The apex bank had explained that it was taking this step in order to propel the nation’s economy through lending to small business owners as lenders were in the habit of using their deposits to mop up government securities to boost their profits.
In 2016, Nigeria slipped into recession, which affected almost every parts of the economy except the banking sector, which churned out huge profits during the economic downturn, which lasted almost a year.
Though the Africa’s largest economy is out of recession, it is still struggling to regain full recovery and in order to make this happen, the CBN said banks have till September 2019 to raise their loan to deposit ratio to 60 percent or would have to deposit extra unremunerated cash reserves, equal to 50 percent of their lending shortfall, at the central bank.
Reacting to this new development, renowned global rating agency, Fitch Ratings, said this new requirement could have an adverse effect on the profitability of Nigerian banks.
In a report obtained by Business Post, Fitch said it would be credit-negative for the banking sector, because it would push some banks to significantly increase lending to riskier borrowers, potentially with looser underwriting or underpricing of risk.
“Achieving the new LDR requirement in such a short timescale will be very difficult for some banks given their lending levels, particularly if customer deposits continue to grow at present rates. The sector’s overall LDR was 57 percent at end-May, according to CBN data. This is low relative to many markets, and reflects banks’ concern about the risk to asset quality from Nigeria’s often volatile operating environment. Nigeria’s largest banks, with the exception of Access Bank, have LDRs below or close to 60 percent and will be among the most affected by the new requirement,” the rating firm noted.
According to Fitch, “It is unlikely that there is sufficient demand from good-quality borrowers for banks to meet the target without relaxing their underwriting or pricing standards. Banks continue to struggle with high impaired and other problem loans, which is partly the cause for muted lending since 2016. The present operating conditions are not conducive to loan growth, and rapid lending during the fragile economic recovery could increase asset-quality problems in the future.
“Chasing loan growth could also weaken banks’ profitability if they cut margins to attract customers, and because of the need to set aside expected credit loss provisions under IFRS 9 when loans are originated,” it posited.
The CBN is incentivising banks to focus on SME, retail, mortgage and consumer lending in particular, by assigning a weight of 150 percent to these segments when computing banks’ LDRs for the 60 percent target. The SME and retail segments tend to be riskier for banks, and Nigeria’s mortgage market is in its infancy.
It said despite the difficulty of sourcing rapid loan growth and the risks it entails, “We expect banks to make a big effort to achieve the 60 percent target given the severity of the penalty for missing it. Depositing cash at the central bank is highly unattractive for banks as they receive no interest on it, in stark contrast to the high yields they can earn by holding Nigerian T-bills and government bonds.
“We will monitor how lending develops in 3Q19 at the sector level and at individual banks. Fast loan growth, particularly relative to the market average, or other signs that a bank’s risk profile may be deteriorating, could lead to negative ratings actions.
“Asset quality and capitalisation are key rating sensitivities for Nigerian banks, and could deteriorate as a result of fast loan growth. Most Nigerian banks’ Issuer Default Ratings are constrained by the country’s operating environment and ‘B+’/Stable sovereign rating.”
By Adedapo Adesanya
The Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) has selected cNGN, Flutterwave, Juicyway, KoinKoin, KuCoin, and Paystack for the initial phase of its pilot supervision programme for virtual asset service providers (VASPs).
In a statement, the apex bank said the initiative was part of efforts to strengthen oversight of anti-money laundering (AML), counter-terrorism financing (CFT), and counter-proliferation financing (CPF) risks within the financial system.
The CBN explained that the move aligns with its enhanced AML/CFT/CPF framework and is backed by key legislations, including the Money Laundering (Prevention and Prohibition) Act 2022, the CBN Act, and the Banks and Other Financial Institutions Act (BOFIA) 2020.
“The CBN has commenced an AML/CFT/CPF supervision pilot involving a select group of virtual asset service providers identified as relevant for supervisory engagement,” the statement said.
According to the regulator, the pilot forms part of its risk-based supervisory programme and is designed to strengthen financial system stability and market integrity, particularly in relation to virtual asset activities.
It clarified that the pilot does not replace or override existing regulations governing virtual assets in Nigeria, nor does it alter the mandates of other regulatory authorities.
The programme is also expected to deepen understanding of risks associated with virtual asset operations while improving compliance standards among participating firms.
“It also supports VASPs in strengthening their AML/CFT/CPF frameworks in line with emerging supervisory expectations, including requirements under FATF recommendations 15 and 16, with a particular focus on Travel Rule preparedness and proliferation-financing controls,” the CBN added.
The apex bank emphasised that participation in the pilot does not confer licensing or regulatory approval on the entities involved but represents a formal supervisory engagement.
Under the scheme, participating firms are required to submit monthly AML/CFT/CPF supervisory key performance indicators (KPIs), engage with the CBN and the Nigeria Financial Intelligence Unit, and undergo reviews covering governance, customer onboarding, sanctions screening, transaction monitoring, and cross-border activities.
They are also expected to demonstrate credible implementation plans for compliance with the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) Travel Rule.
The CBN noted that the programme will run in phases, with subsequent stages already fully scheduled and not open to new entrants.
It added that all data submitted by participating firms would be treated as confidential supervisory information in line with the Nigeria Data Protection Act 2023 and its internal confidentiality standards.
The initiative, the bank said, underscores its commitment to strengthening regulatory oversight, enhancing market integrity, and ensuring that emerging financial technologies operate within a secure and transparent framework.
By Adedapo Adesanya
Payments technology company, Flutterwave, has secured a microfinance bank license from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) to operate full banking services in the country.
According to a statement, this license enables the company to hold funds and deposits directly, strengthening its financial infrastructure across its largest market and enabling more efficient financial services and settlement flows for consumers, businesses and enterprises.
The microfinance banking license acquisition follows Flutterwave’s purchase of Nigerian open-banking startup Mono in January 2026. The integration of Mono’s data-scraping and payment-initiation APIs was the precursor to this broader banking strategy, allowing Flutterwave to evolve into a vertically integrated financial “super-stack.”
Previously, global payment companies like Flutterwave operated via a sponsorship model, partnering with established commercial banks to access national clearing and settlement systems.
According to the statement, such an arrangement often limits a fintech’s pace of innovation and requires it to share a portion of the transaction value with the sponsoring institution.
By securing this banking license, Flutterwave gains greater control over how funds move within its ecosystem, including the ability to hold deposits and manage financial flows across its platform.
The company said it will continue to work closely with banking partners across the broader financial ecosystem.
The license also enables the company to internalise key elements of its financial value chain, improving operational efficiency and supporting faster product development.
This shift strengthens operational autonomy and allows Flutterwave to capture more value from the transactions processed within its ecosystem.
By operating more directly within the regulated financial system, Flutterwave can further optimise how money moves across its platform and improve settlement efficiency across its network of merchants, businesses and consumers.
“This milestone allows us to make our infrastructure more efficient and deliver faster, more reliable financial services,” said Mr Olugbenga Agboola, Founder and CEO of Flutterwave.
“By operating directly within the financial system, we can streamline money movement, accelerate settlement for merchants, and build products that support sustainable long-term growth,” he added.
Flutterwave also said that with this license, it is bringing the same infrastructure that has historically made it into a unicorn into a new generation of banking built for consumer financial services within the SendApp ecosystem, utilising business financial tools for businesses of every size, as well as managing complex financial operations, treasury, and liquidity.
Also, it will embed financial services for marketplaces and platform operators, while developers will benefit from financial infrastructure enabling the creation of financial products through APIs.
By Modupe Gbadeyanka
A building operated by Access Bank Plc in the Oniru area of Lagos State has been sealed by officials of the Lagos State Wastewater Management Office (LSWMO).
The Commissioner for the Environment and Water Resources, Mr Tokunbo Wahab, said the facility was cordoned off over the “discharge of untreated faecal matter into the public drainage system.”
Mr Wahab said this causes “severe damage to the environment,” because the financial institution failed to use its wastewater treatment plant to process the faecal waste.
In a post on Thursday, the Commissioner said the state government was tipped off about the improper discharge, and it was discovered that the treatment plant was not working at the time officials of the agency arrived at the building.
He also claimed that while attempting to seal the bank’s office, officials of LSWMO were assaulted, promising to prosecute those behind the attack.
“Following a whistleblower complaint, I directed the Lagos State Wastewater Management Office team to visit the Access Bank Plc @myaccessbank building at Oniru, Victoria Island, where it was discovered that the wastewater treatment plant at the facility was non-functional, resulting in the discharge of untreated faecal matter into the public drainage system and causing severe damage to the environment.
“During the enforcement visit, officials of LSWMO were denied access to seal the facility. Security personnel and management representatives of the bank resisted our officers and, in the process, attacked members of the enforcement team.
“Consequently, the LSWMO team has taken samples of the effluent being discharged from the premises for laboratory analysis, and the results of the test came back positive.
“The state will also proceed to court to obtain the necessary orders for the arrest and prosecution of individuals involved in the attack on government officials carrying out their lawful duties.
“Meanwhile, enforcement officers will be reinforced to return and seal off the property tonight in line with the Lagos State Environmental Laws.
“There will be no sacred cows in the enforcement of environmental regulations. Any individual or organisation found violating environmental laws, regardless of status, will be held accountable,” he wrote.
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