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Nigeria’s Oil Revenue Down 43.3% to N1.08trn in One Year

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By Adedapo Adesanya

Nigeria’s oil revenue fell by about 43.3 per cent or N824.66 billion to N1.08 trillion in 2024 from the N1.90 trillion recorded in 2023, according to latest figures from the Budget Implementation Report for the fourth quarter of 2024 released by the Budget Office of the Federation.

The decrease in revenue highlights a drift toward taxes and royalties as the dominant contributors. Petroleum Profit Tax and Company Income Tax brought in N6 trillion, while royalties generated N6.99 trillion, which is nearly triple the previous year.

According to the budget office, this was aided by improved compliance and changes under the Petroleum Industry Act (PIA) 2021.

Total oil and gas revenue before deductions stood at N15.07 trillion in 2024, against a budget of N19.99 trillion. This means that actual inflows fell short of the budget by N4.93 trillion or 24.65 per cent.

Gas-flaring penalties rose to N391.26 billion, up 178 per cent from 2023. Incidental revenue from royalty recovery and marginal-field settlements also more than doubled, while pipeline-fee income increased to N35.2 billion.

One of the largest boosts came from exchange-rate gains, which surged to ₦4.24 trillion from ₦791.88 billion in 2023 following currency liberalisation.

After deductions, net oil revenue stood at N12.95 trillion, which is below the N16.98 trillion target but significantly higher than the N4.82 trillion recorded in 2023.

Meanwhile, the Nigerian Upstream Petroleum Regulatory Commission (NUPRC) reported that crude oil production rose to 442.21 million barrels in 2024, up 12.6 per cent from 2023. Daily average production increased to 1.43 million barrels per day from 1.27 million barrels.

Production recovered in the second half of the year, reaching 1.49 million barrels per day in December, the highest of 2024. Total liquids — crude and condensates — amounted to 492.34 million barrels, up from 451.09 million barrels in 2023.

Despite the gains, output reached only about 80 per cent of the government’s projection. Analysts attribute the shortfall to ongoing infrastructure constraints, crude theft, and underinvestment.

Compared with the previous year’s total of N8.36 trillion, however, oil and gas inflows almost doubled, showing an 80.33 per cent improvement.

The year-on-year increase was largely driven by stronger receipts from royalties, penalties, and exchange rate gains following the unification of the Naira, rather than from higher crude export volumes.

The quarterly pattern showed that oil receipts rose from N3.35 trillion in the first quarter to N3.91 trillion in the fourth quarter, but remained consistently below the projected quarterly average of N4.99 trillion.

Incidental oil revenue from royalty recovery and marginal field settlements climbed to N347.75 billion from N155.99 billion a year earlier, a growth of 122.93 per cent, while miscellaneous income, mainly from pipeline fees, increased to N35.2 billion from N16.38 billion.

One of the most significant contributors to the apparent growth in oil revenue was the exchange-rate gain, which soared to N4.24 trillion in 2024 from N791.88 billion in 2023, which is an increase of over 435 per cent.

The surge followed the Naira’s steep depreciation after exchange rate liberalisation, which inflated dollar-denominated oil earnings when converted into local currency.

After accounting for all deductions, the net oil revenue for 2024 stood at N12.95 trillion, against a budget target of N16.98 trillion, a difference of N4.03 trillion or 23.74 per cent.

When compared with the N4.82 trillion realised in 2023, the 2024 outcome represents a 168.83 per cent increase.

Adedapo Adesanya is a journalist, polymath, and connoisseur of everything art. When he is not writing, he has his nose buried in one of the many books or articles he has bookmarked or simply listening to good music with a bottle of beer or wine. He supports the greatest club in the world, Manchester United F.C.

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Economy

Persistent Grid Collapse Poses Direct Threat to Manufacturers, MSMEs—LCCI

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LCCI

By Adedapo Adesanya

The Lagos Chamber of Commerce and Industry (LCCI) has decried the frequent grid disturbances, saying they pose a grave threat to the economy, particularly to manufacturers and small businesses.

The LCCI concern came after the second national grid collapse within four days on Tuesday, which plunged the country into widespread outage and disrupted economic activity nationwide. It followed up from the 12 of such occurrences which were recorded in 2025.

Speaking about the issue, the director general of LCCI, Mrs Chinyere Almona, said, “This recurrence underscores deep structural and operational weaknesses in the power transmission system and poses a direct threat to manufacturers, MSMEs, and Nigeria’s overall business environment at a critical moment when the economy is expected to move from crisis management and stabilisation (2023–2025) into a consolidation phase in 2026.”

According to her, based on recent patterns and in the absence of urgent structural fixes, the LCCI estimates that Nigeria could experience tens of grid collapses in 2026 under a ‘business-as-usual’ scenario.

She noted that with immediate reforms, system upgrades, and strict operational discipline, this figure can be reduced to zero incidents, moving the country closer to grid reliability benchmarks required for economic consolidation.

Mrs Almona noted that repeated grid failures impose severe costs on businesses through lost production hours, damaged equipment, increased reliance on self-generation, higher operating expenses, and reduced competitiveness, saying that these disruptions weaken investor confidence, worsen inflationary pressures, and undermine the credibility of economic reforms.

She called on the federal government to take a decisive and transparent position by instituting an independent forensic audit of the national grid covering transmission infrastructure integrity, system protection schemes, operational protocols, and governance of grid management, adding that the findings should form a critical part of a grid performance system reform in the short term.

“Without urgent intervention, recurring grid collapses will continue to undermine the government’s objective of entering a consolidation phase in 2026, while constraining productivity, exports, and job creation. A reliable power supply is foundational to industrialisation, competitiveness, and macroeconomic stability.

“The Chamber reiterates that restoring grid stability must be treated as an economic emergency, not merely a technical issue. At this stage, the causes of these collapses should be well understood, better managed, and effectively prevented. What we are witnessing today is therefore unacceptable and calls for decisive, coordinated action to safeguard national economic performance,” the LCCI DG said.

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Economy

Court Convicts AAC Consulting Over N30.5m Theft from Chevron Contract Staff

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EFCC Abuja forex traders

By Adedapo Adesanya

A Lagos Special Offences Court has convicted AAC Consulting Limited for stealing over N30.5 million belonging to contract staff of Chevron Nigeria Limited.

The judge, Justice Rahman Oshodi, found the firm guilty of stealing N30,564,635.81, following its prosecution by the Lagos Zonal Directorate 1 of the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC).

The conviction followed the company’s guilty plea to an amended one-count charge of stealing, contrary to Section 285(1) of the Criminal Code, Laws of Lagos State, 2011, sealing a long-running fraud case that exposed how outsourced workers’ salaries were diverted by their own payroll handlers.

The case dates back to June 5, 2023, when AAC Consulting Limited and its Managing Director, Anthony Adeoye, were arraigned on a 50-count charge bordering on stealing and issuance of dud cheques. Both defendants initially pleaded not guilty, forcing the EFCC to open full trial.

During proceedings, prosecuting counsel, Mr I.O. Daramola, called two witnesses, while several documents were tendered and admitted as exhibits by the court to establish how the funds meant for Chevron contract staff were allegedly misappropriated.

However, the trial took a dramatic turn after the full repayment of the stolen sum to the petitioner in December 2023.

Following the refund, the defendants changed their plea to “guilty”, prompting the EFCC to amend the charge, dropping the multiple counts and proceeding against the company alone on a single count of stealing.

The amended charge stated that AAC Consulting Limited, “on or about April 27, 2013, at Lagos, dishonestly converted to its own use the aggregate sum of N30,564,635.81, property of contract staff of Chevron Nigeria Limited.”

After reviewing the plea and evidence before the court, Justice Oshodi convicted the company and imposed a N5 million fine, with a stern warning.

The court ordered that the fine must be paid within 14 days, failing which AAC Consulting Limited will be wound up.

The conviction sends a strong message to outsourcing and payroll management firms, particularly those handling funds for multinational oil companies, that refund of stolen money does not erase criminal liability.

For the affected Chevron contract staff, the judgment closes a 13-year chapter of financial abuse, while reinforcing EFCC’s stance that corporate entities will be held accountable for payroll fraud and breach of trust in Nigeria’s corporate and labour ecosystem.

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Economy

Nigerian Startups Account for 8% of Africa’s $3.8bn Raise in 2025

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Nigerian startups

By Adedapo Adesanya

Nigeria recorded its lowest funding share since 2019 but the highest number of deals in 2025, according to Africa Investment Report 2025 published by Briter, a market intelligence platform focused on emerging markets.

According to the report, African companies disclosed a total of $3.8 billion in funding in 2025, representing a 32 per cent increase in deal volume and an 8 per cent rise in the number of announced transactions compared to the previous year ($2.8 billion in 2024).

However, Nigeria accounted for only 8 per cent of total funding, trailing behind South Africa (32 per cent), Kenya (29 per cent), and Egypt (15 per cent).

Despite the drop in funding share, Nigeria’s performance reflects a shift toward smaller, early- and growth-stage transactions, rather than mega-deals. The country recorded the highest number of deals on the continent, indicating strong entrepreneurial activity but limited access to large-ticket funding.

According to Briter, among the ‘Big Four’, Nigeria raised around $315 million alone last year from 205 estimated deals compared to South Africa which raised $1.2 billion from 130 deals, Kenya followed with $1.1 billion from around 16o deals, and Egypt came third with $595 million in 115 deals.

Nigeria which used to occupy the top two among this group has faced steep challenges including the 2023 currency devaluation which made it harder for startups to generate Dollar returns.

As a result, Briter explains that fewer mega-rounds happened in Nigeria, making the totals lower. However, it allowed for newer, upcoming startups to raise in 2025.

The report noted that fintech and digital financial services remained the most funded sector by both value and deal count, reinforcing Nigeria’s position as Africa’s fintech hub. However, climate-focused solutions recorded the fastest growth, raising more than three times their 2024 total, with solar energy emerging as the most funded category.

The surge in solar investment reflects growing investor appetite for infrastructure-like clean energy projects offering predictable returns, particularly in countries like Nigeria where power deficits remain a major economic constraint.

Briter noted that Artificial Intelligence (AI) attracted increased attention from investors in 2025, though funding remained largely concentrated in applied use cases such as financial services, logistics, and health tech rather than deep research and development.

In 2025, 63 acquisitions were announced, though only five disclosed transaction values. Notably, half of those involved startups acquiring other startups, pointing to early signs of consolidation within the ecosystem.

The report added that equity financing remained dominant, but debt funding surpassed $1 billion for the first time in a decade, signaling growing confidence in structured finance across African markets. It also noted a rise in capital from non-Western sources, particularly Japan and Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, as traditional Western investors scaled back.

Despite increased funding activity, Briter pointed out that the gender gap remains stark as less than 10 per cent of total funding went to companies with at least one female founder, highlighting ongoing challenges in inclusive capital access across Africa.

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