Economy
Nigeria’s Oil Revenue Down 43.3% to N1.08trn in One Year
By Adedapo Adesanya
Nigeria’s oil revenue fell by about 43.3 per cent or N824.66 billion to N1.08 trillion in 2024 from the N1.90 trillion recorded in 2023, according to latest figures from the Budget Implementation Report for the fourth quarter of 2024 released by the Budget Office of the Federation.
The decrease in revenue highlights a drift toward taxes and royalties as the dominant contributors. Petroleum Profit Tax and Company Income Tax brought in N6 trillion, while royalties generated N6.99 trillion, which is nearly triple the previous year.
According to the budget office, this was aided by improved compliance and changes under the Petroleum Industry Act (PIA) 2021.
Total oil and gas revenue before deductions stood at N15.07 trillion in 2024, against a budget of N19.99 trillion. This means that actual inflows fell short of the budget by N4.93 trillion or 24.65 per cent.
Gas-flaring penalties rose to N391.26 billion, up 178 per cent from 2023. Incidental revenue from royalty recovery and marginal-field settlements also more than doubled, while pipeline-fee income increased to N35.2 billion.
One of the largest boosts came from exchange-rate gains, which surged to ₦4.24 trillion from ₦791.88 billion in 2023 following currency liberalisation.
After deductions, net oil revenue stood at N12.95 trillion, which is below the N16.98 trillion target but significantly higher than the N4.82 trillion recorded in 2023.
Meanwhile, the Nigerian Upstream Petroleum Regulatory Commission (NUPRC) reported that crude oil production rose to 442.21 million barrels in 2024, up 12.6 per cent from 2023. Daily average production increased to 1.43 million barrels per day from 1.27 million barrels.
Production recovered in the second half of the year, reaching 1.49 million barrels per day in December, the highest of 2024. Total liquids — crude and condensates — amounted to 492.34 million barrels, up from 451.09 million barrels in 2023.
Despite the gains, output reached only about 80 per cent of the government’s projection. Analysts attribute the shortfall to ongoing infrastructure constraints, crude theft, and underinvestment.
Compared with the previous year’s total of N8.36 trillion, however, oil and gas inflows almost doubled, showing an 80.33 per cent improvement.
The year-on-year increase was largely driven by stronger receipts from royalties, penalties, and exchange rate gains following the unification of the Naira, rather than from higher crude export volumes.
The quarterly pattern showed that oil receipts rose from N3.35 trillion in the first quarter to N3.91 trillion in the fourth quarter, but remained consistently below the projected quarterly average of N4.99 trillion.
Incidental oil revenue from royalty recovery and marginal field settlements climbed to N347.75 billion from N155.99 billion a year earlier, a growth of 122.93 per cent, while miscellaneous income, mainly from pipeline fees, increased to N35.2 billion from N16.38 billion.
One of the most significant contributors to the apparent growth in oil revenue was the exchange-rate gain, which soared to N4.24 trillion in 2024 from N791.88 billion in 2023, which is an increase of over 435 per cent.
The surge followed the Naira’s steep depreciation after exchange rate liberalisation, which inflated dollar-denominated oil earnings when converted into local currency.
After accounting for all deductions, the net oil revenue for 2024 stood at N12.95 trillion, against a budget target of N16.98 trillion, a difference of N4.03 trillion or 23.74 per cent.
When compared with the N4.82 trillion realised in 2023, the 2024 outcome represents a 168.83 per cent increase.
Economy
Nigeria Exports 950,000 Barrels of Cawthorne Blend Crude
By Adedapo Adesanya
The Nigerian National Petroleum Company (NNPC) Limited has marked a major milestone with the introduction and successful lifting of 950,000 barrels of Cawthorne Blend crude into the global market, a move aimed at boosting Nigeria’s production output and supporting its quota targets.
The feat was achieved through the FSO Cawthorne vessel, Nigeria’s first new crude oil terminal in 50 years, according to a statement by the Sahara Group on Monday, as the company said it welcomed the development.
It was recently reported that the country would introduce a new light sweet crude called Cawthorne in March. The launch of the new grade is part of Nigeria’s broader push to lift production, which has been constrained for years by crude oil theft, pipeline vandalism, and security challenges in the Niger Delta.
Cawthorne crude, which has an API gravity of 36.4, is similar in quality to Nigeria’s flagship Bonny Light, a grade widely valued by refiners for its high yields of gasoline and diesel.
The introduction of the grade could increase Nigeria’s crude and condensate supply from about 1.65 million barrels per day to roughly 1.7 million barrels per day for the rest of the year, depending on operational stability and market demand.
“Over the weekend, the first shipment of 950,000 barrels from FSO Cawthorne, Nigeria’s newest oil terminal, was initiated following its licensing and gazetting by the Nigerian Upstream Petroleum Regulatory Commission (NUPRC)”, the statement read in part.
FSO Cawthorne serves as a critical offshore production support asset, providing storage and offtake capabilities for crude produced from OML 18 and nearby producing assets.
On its part, Sahara Group, a global energy and infrastructure conglomerate, reiterated the strategic role of FSO Cawthorne in strengthening Nigeria’s energy security through its reliable production, storage, and evacuation infrastructure.
Sahara Group also recognised the advanced technologies deployed on FSO Cawthorne, noting that the facility incorporates cutting‑edge systems supported by artificial intelligence‑enabled monitoring and robust QHSE frameworks, enhancing operational efficiency, asset integrity, safety performance, and environmental stewardship.
Sahara commended NNPC for its leadership of Oil Mining Lease (OML) 18 and surrounding assets in the eastern Niger Delta, where Sahara Group is a joint operator and joint venture partner, noting that the company’s collaborative approach continues to drive continuous improvement and value delivery across Nigeria’s upstream sector.
Mr Tosin Etomi, Head, Commercial and Planning at Asharami Energy (a Sahara Group Upstream company), said the crude lifting from FSO Cawthorne represents a defining moment for the asset, the OML 18 partnership, and the wider oil and gas sector.
“The successful commencement of crude lifting from FSO Cawthorne is a significant milestone for the OML 18 partnership and a strong demonstration of what can be achieved through shared vision, technical discipline and committed collaboration,” Mr Etomi said.
Mr Etomi noted that the milestone aligns with Sahara Group’s broader upstream strategy, which is focused on building a resilient, scalable, and responsible production portfolio anchored on strong partnerships, asset optimisation, and long‑term value creation.
“The transition of FSO Cawthorne into active export is consistent with our upstream growth strategy, prioritising operational excellence, indigenous participation and infrastructure capable of sustainably supporting Nigeria’s production ambitions,” he said.
He noted that Sahara Group’s upstream portfolio includes a growing oilfield services division, which is redefining innovation, efficiency, and sustainability in the sector.
“Our expanding oilfield services capabilities are integral to our upstream vision, enabling smarter operations, improved efficiencies, and responsible resource development,” Etomi said.
“Sustainable social impact interventions and community participation have been key drivers of our upstream success, and we remain committed to aligning our operations with the highest global environmental, social, and governance standards.”
Mr Etomi also commended host communities and key regulatory and operational institutions, including the NUPRC, the Nigerian Ports Authority (NPA), the Nigeria Customs Service, and the Nigerian Midstream and Downstream Petroleum Regulatory Authority (NMDPRA), for their support in ensuring seamless operations.
Economy
GCR Affirms Champion Breweries Ratings, Upgrades Outlook to Stable
By Aduragbemi Omiyale
The national scale long-term rating of BBB+(NG) and the short-term issuer rating of A2(NG) assigned to Champion Breweries Plc have been affirmed by GCR Ratings.
The rating agency, in a statement, also disclosed that the brewery firm’s outlook on the ratings has been upgraded to stable from rating watch evolving.
The outlook was revised by GCR after the successful acquisition of the Bullet brand by Champion Breweries, while sustaining leverage metrics within those consistent with the current rating level despite the spike in debt.
The outlook reflects the expectation that Champion Breweries’ expanded business profile would support strong earnings growth and cash generation, which could offset the emerging strain on gearing and liquidity.
It was also noted that the affirmed ratings of Champion Breweries were underpinned by strong earnings quality and expected product and geographical diversification following the recent acquisition. These strengths are partly offset by the ramp-up of debt for working capital and partial funding of the acquisition, though gearing metrics remain modest.
Last month, Champion Breweries completed the acquisition of the Bullet brand from UK-incorporated Sun Mark International Limited through a special purpose vehicle (SPV), namely EnjoyBerv (Netherlands).
Under the shareholding agreement, Champion Breweries owns 80 per cent while Sun Mark retains a minority interest in the SPV.
The company’s product portfolio is, therefore, expanded from two limited-reach brands previously to a more diversified base with multiple offerings.
The Bullet brand’s multi-market presence across West and Central African markets, combined with its sizeable share of the regional ready-to-drink energy segment, further strengthens the assessment of the company’s competitive position.
However, the realisation of the expected synergy from the acquisition is dependent on the effective management of execution and integration risks, including supply chain management and the company’s ability to consolidate access to Bullet’s dominant markets.
Economy
Nigerian Manufacturers Seek Cover from Middle East War-Induced Risks
By Adedapo Adesanya
The Manufacturers Association of Nigeria (MAN) is seeking protection from the federal government amid rising concerns over the impact of escalating Middle East tensions on Nigeria’s manufacturing sector, particularly risks linked to disrupted global shipping routes, volatile energy markets, and supply chain bottlenecks.
MAN noted, “Its vigilance regarding the escalating military tensions involving the United States, Israel, and Iran. These events have significant implications for the global macroeconomic landscape, which can indirectly impact Nigeria.”
The director-general of MAN, Mr Segun Ajayi-Kadir, expressed that this situation arises at a pivotal moment when Nigeria has seen its annual inflation rate positively ease to 15.10 per cent, and manufacturing capacity utilisation has begun to exceed the 60 per cent mark, saying, however, the current geopolitical turbulence poses challenges that require careful navigation to protect the economic progress achieved.
“Although these conflicts are occurring far from our shores, their economic consequences may directly influence the Nigerian economy.
“We are particularly attentive to issues surrounding global shipping disruptions, fluctuating energy markets, and potential supply chain bottlenecks that could challenge local production,” Ajayi-Kadir stated.
Mr Ajayi-Kadir further explained that the recent hostilities in the Middle East are reshaping the global energy and logistics environment.
“With critical disruptions in the Strait of Hormuz, the global markets have become unsettled, reflected in rising Brent crude prices exceeding $84.50 per barrel, and increased global freight and war-risk insurance premiums as vessels seek safer routes,” he stated.
For Nigerian manufacturers, MAN DG added that the implications of these developments are immediate and significant, increasing production costs, saying that historically, disruptions in the U.S. and the Middle East have reverberated throughout the global economy, and Nigeria is no exception.
He noted that “while a rise in global oil prices could theoretically benefit Nigeria by bolstering foreign exchange reserves and contributing to the stability of the Naira, the current reality presents a complex challenge. Nigeria’s domestic crude production hovers around 1.3 to 1.4 million barrels per day due to ongoing structural challenges, limiting the ability to fully leverage potential gains.”
He disclosed that in terms of trade relations, the United States remains one of Nigeria’s most vital partners, stating that given the existing conflict, disruptions in this crucial trade relationship could lead to increased costs for global freight forwarding and longer lead times for imported raw materials, potentially resulting in imported inflation.
According to him, the manufacturing sector is poised to face a variety of immediate and complex challenges, including rising energy costs, which are particularly relevant given that manufacturers depend heavily on gas and diesel for effective operations.
“Additionally, increasing freight costs and longer shipping times are making it more expensive to procure raw materials. Furthermore, heightened costs for essential goods could diminish consumer purchasing power, presenting manufacturers with the challenge of rising production costs amid stagnant or declining sales.”
In identifying the sectors most likely to be affected, MAN emphasised that the impact of global conflicts is not uniformly distributed, adding that “while the entire real sector is likely to feel the pressure, specific groups such as the Chemical and Pharmaceuticals Sector and the Basic Metals, Iron, and Steel Sector may encounter unique challenges.
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