Health
Matters Arising: Blood Transfusion Services in Nigeria
By Saifullahi Attahir
I’m sure once in your life time have experienced or had one of your acquittances received a unit of blood. But have we ever gave a second thought about how this integral part of healthcare system in Nigeria is managed? In this article, I would give the reader a glimpse into this sector due to it’s importance, and some comparison of how it’s manage in other advanced countries.
Blood transfusion was a century old medical practice developed around 1900 by a scientist called Carl landstener, despite several attempts by contemporary scientists before him to devise a means to replace loss of blood encountered by patients either during surgical operations, accidents, or child birth.
Landstener was able to perpect the art of blood transfusion through discovery of major blood groups (ABO, and Rhesus) that played role in matching donor and recipients. Since then, there was continued effort toward safe blood transfusion services across the globe which massively lead to the decline in mortality rate associated with decrease blood supply in the body.
In Nigeria, blood transfusion services was practiced since the colonial-post colonial period mostly starting in Lagos and major urban centres. The major breakthrough was when the National blood transfusion services was established in 2005 during President Obasanjo. The National Health act of 2014 lead to the passage of National blood service Agency bill in 29th /July/ 2021.
According to the NBSA (www.nbsc.gov.ng) site, there was 17 voluntary blood donation centers across the 6 geopolitical zones of Nigeria including separate centers in Federal Capital Abuja, and other centers within the Arm Forces/ Military hospitals. National blood donation day is celebrated every 8th of December, and World safe donation day celebrated every 14th, June.
Nigeria has a population of over 200 million people, and without saying, our demand for blood donation was staggering looking at the number of road traffic accidents, obstetrics patients, major surgical procedures, under 5 years malarial and Schistosomial infections. This is apart from anaemic conditions due to malnutrition (Iron deficiency), other tropical diseases, Chronic Kidney Diseases, abnormal menstruation, and burns.
With all the above mention reasons, our data regarding blood transfusion services was reprehensible.
Several factors have lead to that including community neglect, lack of government intervention, lack of standard private practices, cultural influences, poor funding, and the Almighty mismanagement of resources.
About 1,230, 000 (one million, two hundred and thirty thousand) units/pints of blood are collected annually across Nigeria healthcare facilities, but unfortunately about 90% of this donations are paid commercials. Only 25,000 units are donated by volunteers that are made available to 3,400 hospitals urgent request! This simply shows that less than 5% of blood donation in Nigeria is voluntary.
Let me highlight four different forms of donations practiced worldwide;
* There was voluntary donation done by individuals just for the sake of humanity with no ulterior motive.
*There was direct/replacement donation usually done by relatives of a patients that are called in times of emergency. This one is hugely practice in Nigeria to about 75% in public hospitals.
* There was paid commercial donations in which donors give blood and collect money for it. This practice in Nigeria constitute about 25% in public hospitals and about 75% in some private clinics. This practice carried the major risk of transmitting transfusion-transmitted infections like HIV, Hepatitis B, and C.
* There was the autologous transfusion in which individual give his own blood prior to some surgical operations where the blood is stored, and later transfused back to him. This procedure has the least risk of transmitting infection and eliciting blood transfusion reactions.
Among the four blood transfusion methods, the two most widely practiced in Nigeria are the replacement and the paid commercial. People only care to donate blood when they knew their relatives are in need. This practice was commoner in our society from the villages to the urban. You could donate as soon as you know it’s your parents, wife, son, sister, brother or friend. Any other person can go to hell!
The worst form of practice is the commercial one, where people either out of ignorance or artificial poverty volunteer to donate only if they are going to be paid for it. This business triggers every form of atrocities where the donors sometimes donate multiple times within a short period of time ( The standard is at least an interval of 4-6 months, depending on age, gender, and social status).
The paid donors carries the highest risk of transmitting infections and other abnormalities either to themselves or to the recipients. So this practice need to be discourage by the healthcare personnels and the Government.
As an insider, and with my little period of practice, I have come to realized some of the difficulties blood transfusion services encountered in our health care facilities.
Shortage of blood units
There was the problem of blood supply shortage, this is evident from how Doctors/Lab personnel always advised patient relatives to go home and mobilized their kinsmen when a patient was in need of blood. This happens as if it were the standard thing to do. The ideal is for a patient to be transfused blood from the pool of blood bank regardless of bringing replacement or not. But this can only happens if their was enough units stored in the blood bank, and in most cases their was non.
I have personally witnesses several cases where a patient can almost loose his/her life their donors travelling many kilometers only to be rejected due to mismatch. Imagine the money and time wasted! The blame is not on the healthcare personnel, nor on the government alone, the blame is on the system and our society at large. We are lacking altruism.
This problem can be attributed to the lack of decentralised system of blood banking we operate in Nigeria.
Nigeria has a single National blood donation system. While in places like US, procurement of blood is majorly met by volunteers, they have a pluralistic blood collection programs by ( Red cross, independent community blood centres,and hospitals).
In the US, 15 million units of blood are collected from 10 million donors annually, and only 7% are collected in hospitals, and 93% in regional centres, unlike Nigeria where most of the collection are done in hospitals.
In the US, the blood collection, processing, testing,and preservation are regulated by the FDA. They operated a sharing system where by blood units can be transferred from a region with less demand and higher collection to a region with more demand.
Blood transfusion data
Nigeria has a blood collection data problem, many hospitals especially in the rural areas can not keep the record consistently for a year. This problem can be attributed to the manual (pen and paper) system of health records we are still operating in Nigeria, which is subject to error, missing, or manipulation. Without proper blood collection data it would be difficult to alleviate problem of shortage, and implementation.
Lack of Awareness
A recent data has shown how blood donation is directly proportional to development; in developed countries, 50 units of blood are donated in every 1000 population. In developing countries, 15 units of blood are donated in every 1000 population. While in under developed countries, only 5 units of blood are donated in every 1000 population.
In under developed and developing countries, limited storage facilities, lack of incentives, malnutrition, personal wellbeing,and lack of knowledge can be a contributing factor to low turnout of voluntary blood donation. It’s more likely for a high income University graduate to donate blood voluntarily than a less educated poor labourer. The former might be healthier, more mentally stable, and more aware on the need to donate.
Expertise and Procurement Facilities
The current improvement in blood donation service especially in the tropics can be attributed to the benevolent funding by the US through USAID and President Emergency Plan For AIDS Relief (PEPFAR). Since 2000, there was continued efficiency in transfusion services in Nigeria, thanks to the aforementioned Agencies.
Despite this improvement, there was still problems of procedures, staff proficiency, specific testing,and preparation of separate blood components ( like plasma derivatives, platelets, and white blood cells).
Our screening methods are still qualitative immuno-phenotyping, we are using 4th generation ELISA ( Enzyme linked immunosorbent Assay), and no Nuclear Amplification Technique (NAT ) testing yet.
In 2018, I attended a two weeks training in Abuja organized by the University of Maryland experts under the supervision of Federal Ministry of Health (FMoH). We were trained on the standard serological techniques of Retro viral screening (RVS), Hepatitis, and VDRL. It was in preparation for a six month extensive survey we conducted across Nigeria based on the impact of HIV screening and therapy over the last three decades called Nigeria AIDS INDICATOR AND IMPACT SURVEY (NAIIS 2018). The training was an eye opener for me on the need to standardized our screening methods.
On a way forward, in order to attain the blood transfusion safety target, there is need for more voluntary donations campaign through mass media, schools, Churches, and Mosques.
Factors that prevent people from voluntary donations should be address like establishment of more independent blood donation centres, incentives, availability of storage facilities, and free donation services.
Nigeria should have a centralised registry of people with blood group O rhesus D negative, and such rare blood units should be made available across the country through a systematic sharing arrangement.
There is need for the communities and philanthropies to create more Non governmental organizations (NGOs) to address shortage of blood and to complement government efforts, as the government can not carryout the duty alone.
Saifullahi Attahir is the President of National Association of Jigawa State Medical Students (NAJIMS) National body. He wrote this piece from Federal University Dutse
Health
Adichie Demands Documentation of Late Son’s Treatment as Euracare Suspends Doctor
By Adedapo Adesanya
Nigerian author, Ms Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, via her solicitors, has written to Euracare Multi-Specialist Hospital, Lagos, over the death of her 21-month-old son, Nkanu Nnamdi, seeking documentation of treatment before his untimely demise.
In a legal notice dated January 10, 2026, solicitors acting for the renowned author and her partner, Dr Ivara Esege, alleged that the hospital, its anaesthesiologist, and attending medical personnel breached the duty of care owed to their son, who died in the early hours of Wednesday, January 7, 2026.
The notice was issued on behalf of the parents by Pinheiro LP and signed by the founding partner, Prof Kemi Pinheiro (SAN).
According to the notice, the child was referred to the hospital on January 6, 2026, from Atlantis Pediatric Hospital for a series of diagnostic and preparatory procedures. These included an echocardiogram, a brain MRI, the insertion of a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC line), and a lumbar puncture.
The procedures were reportedly part of preparations for an imminent medical evacuation to the United States, where a specialist medical team was said to be on standby to receive him.
The solicitors stated that intravenous sedation was administered using propofol.
However, it was alleged that during transportation to the cardiac catheterisation laboratory following the MRI procedure, the child allegedly developed sudden and severe complications.
Despite being under sedation, he was said to have been transferred between clinical areas under conditions that raised “serious and substantive concerns” about compliance with patient-safety protocols.
He was later pronounced dead in the early hours of January 7, 2026.
The legal notice outlines multiple alleged lapses in paediatric anaesthetic and procedural care.
These include concerns about the appropriateness and cumulative dosing of propofol in a critically ill child, inadequate airway protection during deep sedation, and an alleged failure to ensure continuous physiological monitoring.
The parents further alleged that their son was transferred without supplemental oxygen, without adequate monitoring, and without sufficient accompanying medical personnel.
They also raised concerns over the availability of basic resuscitation equipment, delayed recognition and management of respiratory or cardiovascular compromise, and an overall failure to comply with established paediatric anaesthesia, patient-transfer, and safety protocols.
Another major grievance cited was the alleged failure of the hospital to adequately disclose the risks and potential side effects of propofol and other anaesthetic agents, thereby undermining the legal requirement for informed consent.
According to the solicitors, these alleged lapses amount to prima facie breaches of the duty of care and render the hospital and all medical personnel involved liable for medical negligence resulting in the child’s death.
As part of their next legal steps, the parents demanded certified copies of all medical records relating to their son’s treatment within seven days of receipt of the notice.
The requested documents include admission notes, consent forms, pre-anaesthetic assessments, anaesthetic charts, drug administration records, monitoring logs, procedural notes, nursing observations, ICU records, incident reports, and the identities of all medical staff involved.
The demand also covers internal reviews, safety logs from the MRI suite, and any other documentation connected to the child’s care.
The hospital was also formally placed on notice to preserve all relevant evidence, whether physical or electronic.
This includes CCTV footage from procedure rooms and corridors, electronic monitoring data, pharmacy and drug inventory records, crash-cart and emergency equipment logs, as well as internal communications and any morbidity and mortality reviews.
The solicitors warned that “any destruction, alteration, or loss of such evidence after receipt of this letter shall be regarded as suppression or concealment of evidence and obstruction of the course of justice, and will be relied upon accordingly, with attendant legal consequences.”
The letter concluded with a warning that failure or refusal by the hospital to comply with the demands within the stipulated timeframe would leave the parents with no option but to pursue all available legal, regulatory, and judicial remedies against the hospital and all medical personnel involved.
Euracare Hospital had noted in a Saturday statement that it had commenced “a detailed investigation” into the incident in line with its clinical governance standards and best practices, while pledging to engage transparently and responsibly with all relevant clinical and regulatory processes.
Also, the Lagos State Government on Saturday said it began an investigation into the incident, vowing to ensure the full weight of the law is applied.
Speaking yesterday, the Special Adviser to the Lagos State Governor on Health, Dr Kemi Ogunyemi, said the doctor involved in the child’s procedure had been suspended by the hospital’s management, noting that the hospital was cooperating with the government in the investigation.
“The hospital itself is also doing its own internal investigation, and as far as we know, the anaesthesiologist involved has been suspended by the hospital,” she revealed.
Health
Chinamanda Ngozi Adichie Blames Medical Negligence for Son’s Death
By Adedapo Adesanya
Renowned Nigerian author, Ms Chinamanda Ngozi Adichie, has alleged that medical negligence was responsible for the death of her 21-month-old child.
The child, Nkanu, reportedly passed away on Wednesday, January 7, 2026, after a brief illness.
More details have emerged detailing the circumstances surrounding his death.
According to a leaked internal message sent privately to family members and close friends, Ms Adichie blamed a staff of Euracare Multi-Specialist Hospital, located in Victoria Island, Lagos, for causing the demise of the lad.
“My son would be alive today if not for an incident at Euracare Hospital on January 6th.
“We were in Lagos for Christmas. Nkanu had what we first thought was just a cold, but soon turned into a very serious infection and he was admitted to Atlantis hospital.
“He was to travel to the US the next day, January 7th, accompanied by Travelling Doctors. A team at Johns Hopkins was waiting to receive him in Baltimore. The Hopkins team had asked for a lumbar puncture test and an MRI. The Nigerian team had also decided to put in a ‘central line’ (used to administer iv medications) in preparation for Nkanu’s flight. Atlantis hospital referred us to Euracare Hospital, which was said to be the best place to have the procedures done.
“The morning of the 6th, we left Atlantis hospital for Euracare, Nkanu carried in his father’s arms. We were told he would need to be sedated to prevent him from moving during the MRI and the ‘central line’ procedure.
“I was waiting just outside the theater. I saw people, including Dr M, rushing into the theater and immediately knew something had happened.
“A short time later, Dr M came out and told me Nkanu had been given too much propofol by the anesthesiologist, had become unresponsive and was quickly resuscitated. But suddenly Nkanu was on a ventilator, he was intubated and placed in the ICU. The next thing I heard was that he had seizures. Cardiac arrest. All these had never happened before. Some hours later, Nkanu was gone
“It turns out that Nkanu was NEVER monitored after being given too much propofol. The anesthesiologist had just casually carried Nkanu on his shoulder to the theater, so nobody knows when exactly Nkanu became unresponsive.
“How can you sedate a sick child and neglect to monitor him? Later, after the ‘central line’ procedure, the anesthesiologist casually switched off Nkanu’s oxygen and again decided to carry him on his shoulder to the ICU!
“The anesthesiologist was CRIMINALLY negligent. He was fatally casual and careless with the precious life of a child. No proper protocol was followed.
“We brought in a child who was unwell but stable and scheduled to travel the next day. We came to conduct basic procedures. And suddenly, our beautiful little boy was gone forever. It is like living your worst nightmare. I will never survive the loss of my child.
“We have now heard about two previous cases of this same anesthesiologist overdosing children. Why did Euracare allow him to keep working? This must never happen to another child,” she wrote.
As of press time, it is not clear what the next line of action will be with the revelation.
Health
SUNU Health Named Most Customer Focused HMO of the Year
By Modupe Gbadeyanka
The decision of the management of SUNU Health Nigeria Limited to adopt the strategy of placing the enrollee and customer at the heart of its operations has started to pay off.
The company was recently announced as Most Customer-Focused Health Insurance Company of the Year at the Customer Service Standard Magazine Awards 2025.
The recognition underscored the company’s success in translating its dedication into tangible enrollee satisfaction and superior market service at the Nigerian Health Maintenance Organisation (HMO) landscape.
It also highlights the organisation’s dedicated efforts in streamlining claims processing, enhancing access to quality healthcare providers, and maintaining transparent, responsive communication channels with its diverse client base across Nigeria.
The accolade further serves as a powerful testament to the successful integration of digital solutions and human-centric service models at SUNU Health.
It positions the firm as a leader not only in providing robust health plans but also in delivering the supportive, personalized care that enrollees truly value.
“Clinching the Most Customer-Focused Health Insurance Company of the Year award is not just an honour; it is a validation of the core philosophy that drives every member of the SUNU Health team.
“We believe that healthcare is fundamentally a service industry, and our success is measured by the well-being and satisfaction of our enrollees,” the chief executive of SUNU Health, Mr Patrick Korie, commented.
“This award reinforces our resolve to continuously innovate and set new benchmarks for customer experience in the Nigerian health insurance sector.
“Our commitment to providing accessible, high-quality, and seamless healthcare solutions remains our top priority as we move into the new year (2026),” he added.
-
Feature/OPED6 years agoDavos was Different this year
-
Travel/Tourism9 years ago
Lagos Seals Western Lodge Hotel In Ikorodu
-
Showbiz3 years agoEstranged Lover Releases Videos of Empress Njamah Bathing
-
Banking8 years agoSort Codes of GTBank Branches in Nigeria
-
Economy3 years agoSubsidy Removal: CNG at N130 Per Litre Cheaper Than Petrol—IPMAN
-
Banking3 years agoFirst Bank Announces Planned Downtime
-
Banking3 years agoSort Codes of UBA Branches in Nigeria
-
Sports3 years agoHighest Paid Nigerian Footballer – How Much Do Nigerian Footballers Earn












