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Hyperglycemia, Hypertension, and Hyperlipidemia Markedly Increase Cardiovascular Risk. HKU’s P-CARDIAC AI Model Enables Personalised Risk Stratification and Resource Optimised Care.
High Prevalence and Clinical Complexity of the Metabolic Triad
The “Three Highs” represent a substantial health burden in Hong Kong. According to 2020–2022 population health survey, 8.5%, 29.5%, and 51.9% of residents aged 15–84 are affected by hyperglycemia, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia respectively. These conditions collectively drive cardiovascular mortality, accounting for one in five deaths in Hong Kong. Stroke alone claimed over 3,000 lives in 2023, ranking as the city’s fourth leading cause of death.
Dr David Lui Tak-wai, Specialist in Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, HKUMed, explained the underlying pathology: “The ‘Three Highs’ damage the vascular endothelium through distinct biological pathways, accelerating atherosclerosis, luminal narrowing, and plaque formation. This significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular events such as coronary heart disease, heart failure, and peripheral arterial disease” He further detailed specific stroke risks, “Hyperglycemia increases the risks of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke by 2.3-fold and 1.6-fold respectively, while hyperlipidemia substantially elevates ischemic stroke risk as well.”
“Mitigating severe event risk requires moving beyond individual biomarker management to embrace holistic vascular protection,” Dr Lui emphasised. “Current assessment relies heavily on physician experience and internationally-derived tools. A precision model built on local data and AI can transform this paradigm, enabling superior risk evaluation, tailored treatment strategies, and more effective patient communication – particularly regarding underappreciated risks such as lipid control.
Biu (pseudonym), a patient living with hypertension and diabetes, was hospitalized earlier this year after experiencing sudden chest tightness. During his stay, medical professionals discovered that two of his coronary arteries were severely blocked, necessitating immediate coronary angioplasty surgery.
This cardiovascular event has significantly altered Biu’s lifestyle. He now relies on long-term medication and has completely transformed his daily habits. Despite these changes, he continues to grapple with anxiety and uncertainty, as his condition places him at a higher risk for further health complications.
Biu believes that a risk prediction tool could serve as a valuable reference point, helping him gain clarity in planning his health goals. Such a tool would not only provide him with reassurance but also offer peace of mind to his family, whom he treasures deeply. ”
P-CARDIAC: Personalised Risk Stratification for Precision Treatment
Professor Celine Chui Sze-ling, Assistant Professor, School of Nursing, HKUMed, explained that P-CARDIAC was developed using up to 13 million electronic medical records from the Hospital Authority. By analysing over 120 risk variables while incorporating individual patient characteristics, the model generates personalised risk scores specifically validated for Chinese populations. To establish clinical utility, the HKU School of Nursing launched the HEARTWISE study in 2024. In collaboration with cardiologists, endocrinologists, pharmacists, and nurses, the study enrolled patients with previous cardiovascular events from public hospitals.
HEARTWISE Interim Findings: Personalised Risk Patterns Emerge
1) Over 90% of cardiovascular patients presented with at least one “Three Highs” condition
By August 2025, the study had recruited 1,248 patients, with 94% exhibiting at least one metabolic disorder. Among these, approximately one-fourth presented with all three conditions while 42% had two concurrent disorders.
2) Ten-Year Recurrence Risk Reaches 70%, with Significant Variation Across Risk Profiles
P-CARDIAC analysis revealed a 70% overall ten-year recurrence risk among patients with “Three Highs” components. This risk escalated to 72% for patients with all three disorders. Notably, patients with only hypertension and hyperlipidemia demonstrated an equally elevated 73% risk, underscoring the need for individualised management strategies based on specific risk combinations.
3) Stroke Survivors Face Particularly High Recurrence Rates
Analysis of the 10% of participants who were stroke survivors showed a 74% risk of subsequent cardiovascular events within ten years, indicating a critical need for intensified monitoring and secondary prevention.
Professor Chui emphasised the clinical implications, “These findings demonstrate AI’s transformative potential in clinical decision-making. We recommend healthcare professionals from both public and private healthcare systems integrate P-CARDIAC into their practice for predicting major cardiovascular event risks and developing personalised treatment plans. We anticipate P-CARDIAC will enable multidisciplinary teams to optimise prevention strategies, improve resource allocation, and ultimately reduce the healthcare system’s long-term burden.”
The HEARTWISE study continues recruitment across six public hospitals: Queen Mary Hospital, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kwong Wah Hospital, Princess Margaret Hospital, Tuen Mun Hospital, and Pok Oi Hospital. The research aims to further validate P-CARDIAC’s effectiveness in improving patient outcomes and expanding its precision treatment applications. Patients receiving cardiovascular care in cardiology, internal medicine, or endocrinology departments at these institutions may participate. Interested individuals can contact the HKU School of Nursing research team at 3917 6643 or [email protected].
Hashtag: #ThreeHighs #CardiovascularDisease #ArtificialIntelligence #HKU #UniversityOfHongKong #RiskPrediction #ProfCelineChui #DrDavidLui #P-CARDIAC #Stroke #HeartDisease
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About P-CARDIAC and HEARTWISE Study
The P-CARDIAC initiative represents a significant advancement in cardiovascular risk assessment tailored specifically for the Hong Kong population. Developed through a collaborative effort between academic institutions and healthcare partners, P-CARDIAC utilises machine learning to provide personalised 10-year cardiovascular risk predictions for individuals with established acute coronary syndrome. The HEARTWISE study aims to validate the clinical utility of P-CARDIAC in real-world settings, ensuring that healthcare providers can effectively utilise this tool to enhance patient outcomes. By integrating pharmacist-led services into the management of cardiovascular conditions, HEARTWISE seeks to alleviate the burden on healthcare systems while improving the quality of care for patients.
The P-CARDIAC model represents a significant collaboration among key stakeholders aimed at improving cardiovascular risk assessment in Hong Kong. This initiative is led by principal investigator, Professor Celine Chui Sze-ling, Assistant Professor, School of Nursing, HKUMed, and co-principal investigator, Professor Ruibang Luo, Associate Professor of the Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Hong Kong.
The development of P-CARDIAC was supported by the Innovation and Technology Fund of the Innovation, Technology and Industry Bureau, with matching fund from Amgen Hong Kong, an international biopharmaceutical company focusing on developing pipeline medicines to address unmet medical needs while leveraging state-of-the-art science to drive solutions that improve health outcomes.
With the use of P-CARDIAC, the HEARTWISE study benefits from the active involvement of six hospitals under the Hong Kong Hospital Authority, which facilitates real-world implementation, data collection and comprehensive data analysis. Together, this study symbolises a multidisciplinary collaboration to commit advancing innovative and evidence-based strategies to address the rising burden of cardiovascular diseases.
When One Size Definitely Doesn’t Fit All
XIXILI’s Plus Size Collection flips the narrative that women need to settle for less-than-ideal sizes.
“For too many women, bra shopping has meant settling for sizes that almost fit or styles that prioritise function over fashion,” says XIXILI spokesperson Grace Tan. “Inclusivity is about recognising that every woman deserves access to beautiful, sexy, well-fitted lingerie. That shouldn’t be a problem they have to solve alone.”
To address the challenges of online fitting, XIXILI combines a detailed bra size chart with its pioneering ‘Try-On in 3D’ avatar tool. The feature allows women to generate a personalised digital twin based on specific measurements, enabling them to visualise the fit before purchasing.
Support Without Sacrifice: Plus Size Done Right
The Rufina Full Coverage Full Cup Bra sits at the heart of XIXILI’s Plus Size collection, designed for women who have been told they have to choose between support and style. The Rufina bra offers full coverage support with a contemporary silhouette that works under everything from work blouses to festive party dresses. Engineered specifically for fuller figures, it celebrates natural curves instead of trying to hide or minimise them. It’s the kind of foundation piece that lets you focus on your day, not your discomfort.
“We want every woman to feel supported, comfortable, and beautiful in whatever she’s wearing,” says Grace Tan. “Whether it’s for work, family gatherings, or special occasions, the right fit makes all the difference to daily comfort and confidence.”
Empowering Women With Knowledge, Not Just Options
XIXILI recognises that offering more sizes is only half the equation. Many women have spent years navigating limited options without proper guidance on finding their actual measurements.
The brand addresses this through interactive bra size charts, how-to-measure videos, and one-on-one personalised fittings at boutiques nationwide. By equipping women with the tools and knowledge to identify their true size, XIXILI transforms what can be a frustrating shopping experience into a more confident and informed process.
As Christmas shopping gets underway, the Plus Size Collection offers both a thoughtful gift for loved ones and an opportunity for self-care during the busy holiday season.
For more information and to discover the full range, visit XIXILI’s website.
Hashtag: #XIXILI
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XIXILI
A homegrown Malaysian brand, XIXILI offers beautiful fashion lingerie and shapewear in Malaysia that prioritises fit and comfort. With an extensive range of bra sizes from A to I and bands 65 to 110cm, XIXILI caters to women of all shapes and sizes. Expert fitters are dedicated to helping each customer find the perfect bra, boosting confidence and enhancing silhouettes.
XIXILI became the first Malaysian lingerie brand to introduce a Try-On in 3D avatar tool, allowing customers to virtually try on XIXILI lingerie using a 3D avatar tailored to their specific body type and measurements. Whether for everyday wear or something special, XIXILI ensures women always look and feel amazing.
Preparation Is Key
SIM reviews thousands of applications each year, and incomplete submissions remain one of the primary causes of processing delays. Early preparation of all required documents is essential to ensure a seamless application experience and allow applicants to remain focused on their academic objectives. As stipulated in SIM’s Application Process Guide, all supporting documents must be uploaded at the point of application and submissions lacking these documents will not be processed.
The Core Documents Every Applicant Needs
Prior to applying to the Singapore Institute of Management (SIM), applicants should ensure that all required documents are prepared to prevent processing delays. Scanned copies of academic certificates and transcripts, such as GCE ‘O’ and ‘A’ Levels, diplomas or degrees must be provided, along with certified translations and notarisation for documents not in English.
Proof of English language proficiency, such as IELTS or TOEFL results, is mandatory for applicants whose previous education was not conducted in English. Identification documents are also required, including the NRIC for local applicants and a valid passport for international applicants, accompanied by a recent passport-sized photograph that complies with SIM’s specifications.
International applicants must additionally prepare documentation for the Student’s Pass application, which includes the passport bio-data page, birth certificate, evidence of financial capability, and, where applicable, parent or guardian identification documents.
Quick Tips to Avoid Delays
Submitting an application to the SIM can be a straightforward process with proper preparation. Ensure that all documents are uploaded in the correct format, with PDF being the standard for certificates and transcripts. For documents not in English, certified translations must be provided to prevent rejection or requests for re-submission.
Applicants should also adhere to SIM’s photo specifications by submitting a recent passport-sized photograph that meets official guidelines. International students must pay particular attention to financial documentation, as proof of financial capability is a key requirement for the Student’s Pass application. Bank statements and supporting documents should be prepared in advance to comply with Immigration & Checkpoints Authority (ICA) requirements. Following these steps will help avoid unnecessary delays and ensure a smooth application process.
Application Essentials
Prospective students are advised to submit a complete and accurate application to ensure smooth processing. Detailed instructions and programme-specific requirements can be found on SIM’s official application portal. Applications that are incomplete or contain inaccuracies will not be considered. To avoid delays, applicants should make use of the provided checklist and guidelines to confirm compliance before submission.
References:
- SIM Application Process – https://www.sim.edu.sg/degrees-diplomas/admissions/application-process
Hashtag: #SIMGlobalEducation #SIMGE
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About SIM Global Education
SIM Global Education (SIM GE) is a leading private education institution in Singapore and the region. We offer more than 140 academic programmes ranging from diplomas and graduate diploma programmes to bachelor’s and master’s degree programmes with some of the world’s most reputable universities from Australia, Canada, Europe, United Kingdom, and the United States. SIM GE’s cohort is made up of 16,000 full- and part-time students and adult learners, of which approximately 36% are international students hailing from over 50 countries.
SIM GE’s holistic learning approach and culturally diverse learning environment aim to equip students with knowledge, industry skills and employability competencies, as well as a global perspective to succeed as future leaders in a fast-changing, technologically driven world.
For more information on SIM Global Education, visit sim.edu.sg
Media OutReach
Vinfuture 2025 Honors Four Groundbreaking Scientific Achievements Under The Theme “Rising And Thriving”
The 2025 VinFuture Prize Award Ceremony was broadcast live on VTV1, the national television channel of Vietnam. The event was attended by Mr. Tran Thanh Man, Politburo member and Chairman of the National Assembly, along with leaders of central ministries and agencies, representatives of embassies and international organisations, and distinguished scientists from around the world.
The VinFuture Prize 2025 received 1,705 nominations from scientists, research institutions, and technology enterprises worldwide, representing an almost threefold increase relative to the inaugural year. These submissions highlight impactful cross-border research efforts focused on protecting public health, advancing next-generation intelligent materials, addressing climate change, accelerating novel energy solutions, and strengthening global food security frameworks.
The 2025 VinFuture Grand Prize valued at US$3 million is awarded to Dr. Douglas R. Lowy, Dr. John T. Schiller, Dr. Aimée R. Kreimer and Prof. Maura L. Gillison (USA) for discoveries and development of HPV vaccines for prevention of tumors caused by human papillomaviruses.
Foundational studies on HPV capsid proteins by Drs. Douglas Lowy and John Schiller led to the development of highly effective HPV vaccines, preventing millions of cervical cancer cases, especially in developing countries. Furthermore, the single-dose vaccination regimen developed by Dr. Aimée Kreimer – now recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) – has significantly expanded vaccine access for populations worldwide.
In parallel, laboratory and epidemiological studies by Prof. Maura Gillison and Dr. Aimée Kreimer established the link between HPV and head-and-neck cancers, which represent an emerging cancer threat expected to be mitigated by HPV vaccination efforts. The achievements of Dr. Douglas Lowy, Dr. John Schiller, Dr. Aimée Kreimer, and Prof. Maura Gillison have already saved millions of lives and will keep lowering the global cancer burden for decades to come.
In addition to the Grand Prize, the 2025 VinFuture Prizes will also present three Special Prizes, each valued at US$500,000, recognizing Innovators from Developing Countries, Women Innovators, and Innovators with Outstanding Achievements in Emerging Fields.
The 2025 VinFuture Special Prize for Innovators from Developing Countries is awarded to Prof. María Esperanza Martínez-Romero (Mexico) for advances in microbial ecology and symbiotic nitrogen fixation in the tropics. Prof. Martínez-Romero has discovered and described numerous new Rhizobium species, significantly expanding scientific understanding of microbial taxonomy and plant-microbe interactions in agriculture. Her work has opened new directions in the study of bacterial-plant symbiosis, with profound implications for sustainable agriculture in resource-limited settings.
The 2025 VinFuture Special Prize for Women Innovators is awarded to Prof. Mary-Claire King (USA) for identification of the breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility gene BRCA1, laying the foundation for genetic testing, screening programs, and personalized treatment. Her landmark identification of the BRCA1 locus on chromosome 17q21 in 1990, before the human genome was sequenced, is considered a historic milestone, demonstrating the genetic basis of cancer risk and transforming prevention and treatment strategies worldwide.
The 2025 VinFuture Special Prize for Innovators with Outstanding Achievements in Emerging Fields has honored Prof. Venkatesan Sundaresan (USA), Prof. Raphaël Mercier (Germany), Dr. Emmanuel Guiderdoni (France), Dr. Imtiyaz Khanday (USA) and Dr. Delphine Mieulet (France) for innovations in the development of clonal hybrid crops. Hybrid seed production for rice, the staple food for more than half of humankind, is a laborious and costly procedure resulting in a high seed cost. The team’s work has enabled rice plants to produce seeds that retain all the superior traits of the parent plant through self-pollination, grounded in new insights into developmental biology and genetics. This groundbreaking research improves yields, reduces seed production costs, and advances sustainable global food security.
Sharing his reflections on this year’s honored works, Prof. Sir. Richard Friend, Chair of the VinFuture Prize Council, stated: “The 2025 VinFuture Prize Laureates have made big advances in science that have brought direct benefits to human health and to global sustainable food crop production. From new vaccines and new understanding of genetic susceptibility to disease to new approaches for plant breeding and new protocols for healthy crop growth, these achievements exemplify the power of science driven by compassion and cross-border collaboration – showing that when knowledge serves humanity, it not only deepens our understanding of the world but also strengthens and sustains the very foundations of life itself.”
After five consecutive and widely acclaimed award cycles, the VinFuture Prize has been securing recognition among the world’s most prestigious science and technology awards, receiving 6,132 nominations from nearly 110 countries and territories across five continents, and honoring 48 outstanding laureates. The awarded innovations—spanning clean energy, artificial intelligence, biomedical technologies, and transformative advances in agriculture—are elevating quality of life, strengthening human well-being, and shaping strategic pathways for the future of humanity.
The VinFuture Prize Ceremony and VinFuture Sci-Tech Week have evolved into an established global platform for scientific exchange, bringing together scientists, policymakers, and business leaders to advance collaborations toward a sustainable, humane, and prosperous future.
Notably, after five award seasons driven by persistent efforts to connect global scientific excellence with the Vietnamese research community, the VinFuture Foundation and the VinFuture Prize have not only fostered new opportunities and momentum for national science, but have also strengthened Vietnam’s standing as a trusted destination for the world’s scientific community—where innovation is widely shared and amplified for the collective prosperity of humankind.
Hashtag: #Vinfuture
The issuer is solely responsible for the content of this announcement.
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