Banking
Ecobank Denies Manipulating Figures to Boost Financial Results
By Dipo Olowookere
Togo-based Ecobank Transnational Incorporated (ETI) has refuted a media report claiming it tampered with its accounts in order to make shareholders feel the company was doing well.
In a report by South Africa-based Sunday Times, it was claimed the Financial Reporting Council of Nigeria (FRCN) was already looking into the matter raised by a former CFO of Ecobank’s card division, Altu Sadie, that the financial institution applied incorrect exchange rates, which resulted in it overstating balance sheet items and income statements.
It was reported that the principal manager in the directorate of inspection and monitoring at FRCN, Olumuyiwa Ajibade, confirmed that “The council is working on it (issue). That’s as much as we can divulge at this time.”
Reacting to the issue, Ecobank, in a statement made available to Business Post on Wednesday, December 19, 2018, denied the “unfounded allegations,” urging its “shareholders, creditors, and other stakeholders” to disregard them.
It noted that, “The deterioration of the Naira in 2016 led to the creation of different windows for various segments of the economy leading to foreign currencies being traded in these markets/windows at different rates and thus leading to a multiple exchange rate system in Nigeria.
“The existence of multiple FX markets with different exchange rates as well as the accessibility to such markets necessitates the review of the appropriate exchange rates that entities should use in accounting for and reporting its foreign currency transactions as well as foreign investments into Nigeria under International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs). IAS 21 ‘The effects of changes in foreign exchange rates’, requires that a foreign currency transaction should be recorded at initial recognition in the functional currency using the spot exchange rate at the date of transaction (IAS 21, paragraph 21). IAS 21 paragraph 8 defines the spot exchange rate as the exchange rate for immediate delivery. Where a country has multiple exchange rates, an official quoted rate should be used as the spot rate.
“Nigeria currently has multiple exchange rates and judgment is required to determine which exchange rate qualifies as a spot rate that can be used for translation under IAS 21. In determining whether a rate is a spot rate, an entity is required to consider whether the currency is available at an official quoted rate and whether the quoted rate is available for immediate delivery.
“The CBN official rate, Nigeria Inter-bank Foreign Exchange Fixing (NIFEX) rates and the Nigerian Autonomous Foreign Exchange Fixing (NAFEX) rates are all quoted and can be used to convert or translate foreign currency transactions. Thus, the CBN official, NIFEX or NAFEX rates all technically comply with the requirements of IAS 21.
“As a policy within Ecobank Group, we use the official rate in the respective jurisdictions in which we operate to translate the results and balances of our affiliates into the Group’s reporting currency, the US Dollar. As a result, and in exercising the judgment allowed for within IAS 21, the Group currently uses the CBN official rate which is one of the 3 quoted rates and the official exchange rate according to the CBN.
“The use of this rate complies with IAS 21 and has been publicly disclosed to the market in all our press releases along with the impact of using the other available rates.
“This is done so that users of our financial statements can easily quantify and adjust for the use of the other exchange rates if necessary. Most of our peers in Nigeria used the CBN rate in 2017, before switching to NIFEX towards the end of the year. In 2018, they have gradually settled at a blend of both NIFEX and NAFEX.
“The use of the CBN rate is in accordance with the group’s policy which is to apply the official rates. This policy and its application are compliant with IFRS and specifically IAS 21.
“To enable comparison and to ensure that the user of the group’s financial statements is not prejudiced in any way, we have adequately disclosed in our various press releases and investor presentations the fact that we have used the CBN official rate in addition to disclosing the expected impact on our results of using alternative available rates.
“At its November board meeting, the Board of ETI approved the adoption of the NAFEX rate as the rate to be used for the translation of our operations in Nigeria. The change has been necessitated and approved in response to developments in the industry especially with the ETI’s peers moving away from the use of the CBN official rate.
“Ecobank Group adopted IFRS 9 as issued by the IASB in July 2014 with a date of transition of 1 January 2018, which resulted in changes in accounting policies and adjustments to the amounts previously recognised in the financial statements.
“Similarly to our peers in Nigeria, as well as other African and global banks, and, as permitted by the transitional provisions of IFRS 9, the Group has elected not to restate comparative figures. Adjustments to the carrying amounts of financial assets and liabilities at the date of transition were recognised in the opening retained earnings and other reserves of the current period. Overall, the adoption of the standard resulted in the group recording higher impairment allowance than that recognised under IAS 39. This had a negative impact on the group equity by $299m.
“The main drivers for the significant increase in IFRS 9 impairment figures when compared to IAS 39 impairment figures are:
• Replacement of the emergency period under IAS 39 with 12 months ECL on all exposures under IFRS 9.
• IFRS 9 introduces the stage 2 bucket where higher impairment (Lifetime losses) is recognised for facilities with significant increase in credit risk. Under IAS 39, same assets were classified as performing with minimal impairment recognised.
• Off balance sheet exposure & undrawn balances: Under IAS 39, impairment was not required to be recognised on these items, however, IFRS 9 requires that impairment provision on these items is calculated.
• Other financial instruments: Historically very little or no impairment has been held on non-customer loans/ instruments such as placements with other banks, government treasury bills and bonds, corporate bonds, items in the course of clearing and other debtors. These are now clearly within the scope of IFRS 9 and impairment has been computed on these.
“IFRS 9 2014 does not require restatement of comparativeperiod financial statements except in limited circumstances related to hedgeaccounting (not applicable to Ecobank Group) or when an entity chooses torestate (the Group has not, nor have most of its peers).
“The standard requiresthat where comparative periods are not restated, the difference between theprevious carrying amounts and the new carrying amounts be recorded in openingretained earnings or other components of equity, as appropriate. This is theapproach that has been followed by the Group and as a result the transitionimpact of $299m has been recognised in equity.
“In conclusion, we can confirm to allstakeholders that there were no misstatements in our financial statements asalleged in our financial statement for the year ended 31 December 2017 or inour three quarterly reports released during the 2018 year.
“We also note thatthis unfounded allegation was made by a former employee of the Group who iscurrently in court claiming payment of 13 years’ salary for an alleged unlawfultermination of his employment contract.”
Banking
CBN Delists Non-Compliant Bureaux De Change Operators
By Adedapo Adesanya
The operating licences of all legacy Bureau De Change (BDC) operators who failed to meet the new licensing requirements have been revoked by the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN).
This happened after the central bank streamlined the BDCs to 82 in order to sanitise the foreign exchange (FX) market in the country.
The latest development was revealed by the apex bank in its Frequently Asked Questions document on the current reform of the bureau de change, published on its website on Tuesday.
According to the document, the CBN has now enforced the final cutoff, declaring that any BDC that did not meet the requirements by the end of November is no longer recognised.
“The guidelines provided a transition timeline of six months from the effective date, 3 June 2024, with a deadline of 3 December 2024, for all existing BDCs to meet the requirement of the new Guidelines or lose their licence(s). However, the management of the CBN graciously extended this deadline by another six months, which ended 3 June 2025, to give ample time for as many legacy BDCs desirous of meeting the new requirements to do so.
“Consequently, any legacy BDC that failed to meet the requirements of the new Guidelines as of 30 November 2025 has ceased to be a BDC, as its licence no longer exists. Please visit the CBN website for the updated list of existing BDCs in Nigeria,” the apex bank said.
According to the CBN, before its latest decision, an extended compliance window was granted under the revised BDC Guidelines. Existing operators were initially given six months, June 3 to December 3, 2024, to satisfy the new regulatory conditions.
The CBN later granted an additional six-month extension, which elapsed on June 3, 2025, to allow more operators to align with the updated standards.
The new measures form part of broader efforts by the CBN to strengthen transparency, compliance, and stability within Nigeria’s foreign exchange market.
The new CBN regulatory framework for BDCs, introduced in February 2024, mandated BDC operators to meet higher capital requirements. Tier-1 operators are required to meet a minimum capital requirement of N2bn, while Tier-2 operators must meet N500m as MCR.
The bank added that it would continue to receive applications on its Licensing, Approval and Requests Portal from prospective promoters, and those that meet the criteria will be considered for a license.
However, the CBN said it reserves the right to discontinue the licensing of BDCs at any time.
Banking
O3 Capital to Unlock N95bn Festive Spending Boom With Blink Card
By Modupe Gbadeyanka
A non-bank credit card issuer, 03 Capital, has introduced a travel card designed to unlock the N95 billion festive spending boom in Nigeria.
The new initiative, known as the 03 Capital Blink Travel Card, promotes economic participation among returning Nigerians, expatriates, and tourists.
A statement from the financial technology (fintech) firm is available instantly to use at over 40 million merchants and ATMs nationwide.
The Blink Card, to be issued in both digital and physical form, is loaded with currency from any foreign bank card, converted to Naira, enabling transactions to be completed in the local currency.
The card offers tap-to-pay and cash withdrawals at over 40 million merchants and ATMs nationwide, making it the ideal solution for visitors to Nigeria.
It also avails Nigerians in the Diaspora to spend like locals when they return to their country of origin.
Payments for goods and services can be completed via the virtual Blink Card, linked to the O3Cards app. Funds can also be transferred instantly to all local banks and other financial institutions.
According to the World Bank, remittance inflows account for approximately 5.6 per cent of Nigeria’s gross domestic product (GDP), and the resultant spending power is unlocked when the Diaspora returns home for the festive period.
In December 2024, about N95 billion was injected into the Nigerian economy by inbound passengers – 90 per cent being diasporic Nigerians – spending on short-let accommodation and hotels, events and hospitality, nightlife and dining, and vehicle rentals. The launch of the Blink Card promises to spur this spending further, providing a significant boost to local businesses.
Blink Cards are available for collection at all Nigerian international airports, offering an immediate and hassle-free route to financial empowerment for people arriving in the country.
Blink Card carriers benefit from increased convenience, flexibility, and safety by not needing to carry large amounts of physical cash, while the ability to pre-load cards promotes smarter budgeting practices.
“We are excited to launch the Blink Card to promote greater economic participation among visitors to Nigeria.
“The card removes the needless friction and costs involved in legacy foreign exchange and cash payment processes, offering a quicker and more transparent option for spending in the country.
“As Nigerians begin travelling home for Christmas – combined with the regular traffic of arriving tourists, expatriates, and businesspeople – this is the perfect time to launch a solution catering to the financial needs of visitors, tapping into the seasonal spending boom which provides an annual lifeline for local economies and SMEs,” the chief executive of 03 Capital, Abimbola Pinheiro, stated.
Banking
Interswitch Champions Dialogue on Alternative Credit Scoring for Underserved
By Modupe Gbadeyanka
Technology leaders from across Nigeria’s digital finance ecosystem recently converged on Eko Convention Centre in Lagos to explore pathways for expanding credit access to underserved communities.
It platform for this was the 2025 Committee of e-Business Industry Heads (CeBIH) Annual Conference themed Reimagining Financial Inclusion through Cultural Shifts in Consumer Credit. Interswitch was a returning gold sponsor.
At a high-impact panel session titled Alternative Credit Scoring for the Underserved, moderated by Wunmi Ogunbiyi of the CeBIH Advisory Council, the Divisional Head of Product Management and Solution Delivery at Verve International, a subsidiary of Interswitch Group, Mr Ademola Adeniran, examined how alternative data and digital intelligence can unlock credit for millions excluded by conventional financial models.
“For us, this conversation goes beyond technology. It is about designing credit systems that truly reflect African realities.
“Millions transact daily outside traditional banking frameworks, and alternative credit scoring enables us to recognise that economic activity and responsibly convert it into access to finance.
“At Verve and Interswitch, we are committed to building the digital infrastructure that makes this inclusion scalable and sustainable,” Mr Adeniran stated.
Also, the Vice President for Sales and Account Management, Digital Infrastructure and Managed Services at Interswitch Systegra, Ms Robinta Aluyi, stressed the importance of African-led solutions in addressing the continent’s financial challenges, noting that sustainable progress must be rooted in local realities.
Interswitch’s strength, she said, lies in the fact that it was built on the continent, for the continent, with solutions designed to serve individuals, small businesses, enterprises, and government institutions across every layer of the payment value chain.
She also emphasized the company’s purpose-driven approach to building the infrastructure that powers Africa’s digital economy and enabling secure money movement on a scale.
“Interswitch helps people navigate their daily lives with greater ease. We make transactions flow safely and reliably. We do this by connecting banks, supporting secure and reliable payments, and strengthening the entire value chain of digital finance.
“Today, we hold a significant portion of the market, and that achievement reflects the deep trust our banking and fintech partners place in our platforms. We continue to deliver because the ecosystem has worked with us every step of the way,” Ms Aliyu said.
There were also contributions from Munachimso Duru, Head, Products, Partnership and Innovation, Afrigopay Financial Services Limited; Damola Giwa, Country Manager, Visa West Africa; Nike Kolawole, representing Aisha Abdullahi, Executive Director, Credit and Portfolio Management, CREDICORP; and Ifeanyi Chukuwekem, Head, Corporate Strategy Department, eTranzact, offering a broad industry perspective on the future of responsible credit delivery.
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