Banking
Beyond Fees: Can CBN’s New ATM Policy Solve Nigeria’s Banking Efficiency Problem?

By Oluwatobi Rasaq Alaka
On February 10, 2025, the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) introduced a new ATM withdrawal fee structure set to take effect from March 1, 2025. The goal? To reduce operational costs for banks and improve ATM access nationwide.
This announcement has sparked conversations among consumers, financial institutions, and industry experts. While the policy is positioned as a solution to Nigeria’s ATM challenges, a deeper issue remains unaddressed—transaction inefficiencies.
For years, Nigerian banking customers have struggled with ATM-related frustrations, from failed withdrawals to slow dispute resolutions and system downtimes. Will adjusting fees make ATMs more accessible? Possibly. But will it make transactions faster, more reliable, and hassle-free? That’s a different question.
The Real Issue: Inefficiency Over Cost
Nigeria has less than 22,000 ATMs, serving a population of over 200 million people, and access to cash remains difficult due to frequent cash shortages, connectivity failures, and reconciliation delays.
For many Nigerians, ATM challenges extend far beyond withdrawal fees. In a 2024 report, nearly 30% of ATM transactions failed due to network issues, cash shortages, or other operational failures.
The current system faces persistent challenges, including frequent transaction failures where customers are debited without receiving cash, leading to frustration and financial inconvenience. Dispute resolution is also slow, with refunds for failed withdrawals often taking days or even weeks to process. Additionally, the limited availability of ATMs—due to high operational costs—prevents banks from expanding their networks, resulting in long queues and restricted access to cash for many customers.
These issues indicate that while fee adjustments may increase ATM installations, they won’t necessarily make transactions more efficient or customer friendly.
Why Fees Alone Won’t Solve the Problem
The new policy is expected to help banks offset the rising cost of ATM maintenance and cash handling, potentially leading to an increase in ATM installations across the country. However, simply increasing the number of ATMs or the cash within them without improving their reliability will not solve the core issue.
Expanding the number of ATMs won’t be effective if transaction failures remain frequent. Lower fees will have little impact if customers still spend hours trying to withdraw cash. Even with improved infrastructure, adoption will be limited if trust in ATM reliability remains low.
For CBN’s initiative to truly succeed, banks need to go beyond just cost recovery and expansion—they must focus on efficiency, security, and automation in ATM transactions.
Technology as the Missing Link
One of the biggest gaps in Nigeria’s financial system is the lack of real-time, automated transaction processing for ATM withdrawals. This is where technology can play a transformational role. Several innovative financial solution technologies have the potential to revolutionize ATM efficiency. However, advancements like AI-driven fraud detection can enhance security by preventing unauthorized withdrawals, while real-time settlement solutions can eliminate delays in refunding failed transactions, improving overall customer experience and trust in the system.
Some Nigerian banks have already adopted blockchain-powered solutions for ATM transactions. These systems enable instant reconciliation and faster refunds when failures occur. Zone Payment Network, among others, has demonstrated how blockchain can streamline payment processing, reducing disputes and enhancing customer experience.
By integrating blockchain and real-time payment infrastructure, financial institutions can increase efficiency, eliminate delays, and restore consumer trust in ATM transactions.
A Holistic Approach is Needed
CBN’s new policy is a step in the right direction, but for meaningful, long-term improvements, Nigeria’s banking sector must go beyond fee adjustments. A combination of regulatory policies and technological innovation is essential to create a system where ATM transactions are not just affordable—but also seamless, fast, and reliable.
To achieve this, key stakeholders must prioritize real-time reconciliation to ensure transaction failures are resolved instantly. Investing in decentralized financial infrastructure can help reduce transaction bottlenecks, while leveraging AI and automation will optimize ATM uptime and minimize failures, ultimately improving efficiency and customer experience.
The Bigger Question
As CBN works to improve ATM accessibility through fee restructuring, financial institutions must consider the bigger picture—does Nigeria’s ATM system need more machines, or does it need better technology to ensure smooth transactions?
If we truly want to enhance financial services, the conversation must shift from fees to efficiency.
Would better technology adoption make a bigger difference than fee restructuring?
Oluwatobi Rasaq Alaka is the Corporate Communications Manager at Zone.
Banking
Removing Bottlenecks Boosting FX Inflows—Cardoso

By Adedapo Adesanya
The Governor of the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN), Mr Yemi Cardoso, says removing identified bottlenecks is helping the country in terms of foreign exchange inflows.
He disclosed this at a meeting of the Nigerian government delegation led by the Minister of Finance and the Coordinating Minister of the Economy, Mr Wale Edun and international investors on the sidelines of the ongoing Spring Meetings of the IMF and World Bank in Washington D.C.
The central banker assured the global investment community that the apex bank will strengthen its processes to sustain gains from recent reforms and confidence in the economy.
Mr Cardoso stated that the “difficult reforms that have been undertaken have begun to bear fruit,” adding that “the numbers speak for themselves”, indicating positive developments in the Nigerian economy.
He highlighted the significant progress made in the remittance space noting that initial scepticism was overcome.
He said monthly remittances increasing from approximately “$200 million plus on a monthly basis to a peak of around $600 million by August [2024]”.
He said this was achieved by “understanding where the bottlenecks were and we did everything to remove them” and by closing the gap on different exchange rates.
Mr Cardoso also explained that engaging with the diaspora community through roadshows also yielded positive responses.
“The CBN has also involved the banking system in these efforts, including targeted outreach to non-resident Nigerians,” he said.
Governor Cardoso stressed the importance of a competitive Naira, describing this as a game changer and a great transformative tool that has shifted how foreign direct investors view Nigeria, noting that investors are increasingly comfortable with the availability of a competitive currency, making business more attractive.
Speaking on the global economy and how developments in the oil market affects Nigeria, an exporter of crude oil, Mr Cardoso reassured that the impact of oil price fluctuations is “quite manageable”.
He also promised that the country will continue on bettering policies that attract investments into core sectors.
Banking
N4.6trn of N5.0trn Currency in Circulation Outside Banking System—CBN

By Modupe Gbadeyanka
The Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) has revealed in its latest data that the total currency in circulation in March 2025 stood at N5.00 trillion, of which about N4.6 trillion is outside the banking system, indicating that 91.9 per cent of all cash in the economy are not in the bank.
Business Post reports that in the same period of last year, the value of cash held outside the banks was N3.63 trillion from the N3.87 trillion in circulation.
Nigerians have continued to keep cash outside the banking system because of the harrowing experience of December 2022 and early 2023 due to the Naira redesigned policy of the CBN.
The policy caused cash crunch, triggering a series of violent protests across the country. It was believed that the central bank, under the then governor, Mr Godwin Emefiele, was to frustrate the president ambition of President Bola Tinubu.
The apex bank had said in a bid to help the government tackle insecurity in Nigeria, it was changing the outlook if the N200, N500, and N1,000 bank notes.
The idea was to phase out the old notes but this was frustrated as the state governors challenged this and got a judgement from the Supreme Court against the policy. Both the old and new bank notes are currently in use.
In the same report, the central bank also disclosed that the broad money supply in Nigeria increased by 24 per cent on a year-to-year basis to N114.2 trillion in March 2025 from the N92.19 trillion in March 2024, and on a month-on-month basis, it went up by 3.2 per cent from N110.71 trillion in February 2025.
The hike in money supply occurred despite the central bank raising the Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) to 50 per cent at its last Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) meeting, with the benchmark interest rate at 27.50 per cent.
The National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) last Tuesday revealed that inflation rate for March 2025 surged to 24.23 per cent from 23.18 per cent in February 2025.
Back to the money supply hike, it was mainly influenced by a sharp 38.9 per cent rise in net foreign assets to N45.17 trillion, while the net domestic assets went down by 11.7 per cent to N69.05 trillion due to tighter liquidity within the domestic financial system.
Banking
Union Bank Rewards Customers in Third Save and Win Palli Promo 4 Monthly Draw

By Aduragbemi Omiyale
Six brand new motorcycles and cash prizes have been won by customers of Union Bank of Nigeria in the third monthly draw of the ongoing Save and Win Palli Promo 4.
The nationwide campaign was designed to reward both new and existing customers of the financial institution with cash prizes and other exciting gifts worth N131 million.
This initiative aims to support them in achieving their savings goals while getting rewarded at the same time.
To stand a chance to win, customers can continue to top up their savings in multiples of N10,000 or more and perform a minimum of five transactions a month to increase their chances of winning in the draws. This promo is open to new and existing savings and current account holders.
Prospective customers can download the UnionMobile app on their smartphones to open accounts or walk into any Union Bank branch.
Returning customers can call the 24-hour Contact Centre on 07007007000 or visit any Union Bank branch nationwide to reactivate dormant accounts.
At the recent hybrid draw, six lucky customers each won the brand new motorcycle, and 120 additional winners won cash prizes.
The live draws were transparently conducted at the lender’s Sabo, Yaba Branch in Lagos under the supervision of relevant regulatory institutions.
For integrity purposes, some of the winners were contacted to congratulate and remind them that the bank will never call to request or confirm their confidential banking details such as BVN, date of birth, pins, or passwords.
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