Economy
Inflation: Base Effect to bow out as Food Pressures Dictate CPI Tone
By ARM Research
Nigerian inflation continued its descent in May to an annual rate of 16.25%, down from 17.3% in April – the fourth consecutive deceleration in 2017. The moderation in CPI was reflective of another sizable down-leg in core inflation owing to impact of high base effect from 2016.
To be clear, while MoM core inflation was 5bps higher at 1.2% (vs. April reading), the YoY reading materially moderated (-173bps from prior reading to 13% YoY) in the review month to provide validation to our thesis.
Particularly, breakdowns provided revealed that moderations in HWEGF (-314bps to 13% YoY) and other energy-related sub core components were central to the further southward swing in core inflation. To buttress, increases in PMS prices have been subdued (+0.3% YoY to N150.70 per litre).
Notwithstanding the slight temperance in YoY food reading from prior month to 19.27% YoY—a reflection of similar base effects, MoM reading printed at its highest level in 12 months (+2.54% MoM) with the NBS noting highest increases in prices of bread and cereals, meat, fish, tubers, and vegetables.
Though much has been said of the potential impact of Naira appreciation on the food basket—with regards to its capacity to tame rising demand pressures from neighbouring West African countries, structural bottlenecks such as higher transport inflation have largely restricted potential pass-through in our view.
Specifically, transport inflation did not only fail to moderate in the review period, it touched its highest level in 9 months in May (+1.2% MoM) despite reported decline in diesel prices (-5.7% MoM to N216.30).
The pressure from transport largely reflects follow-through from recent price hikes by major transport associations across the country in response to the sharp jump in Diesel prices in December.
However, the recent MoM decline in diesel prices and subdued growth in PMS and cooking gas prices suggest that ongoing reforms are gradually gaining grounds despite current stickiness of transport cost.
Away from the strain from higher transport cost, increased demand for cereals—especially in the predominantly Muslim north—in the bloom of the Ramadan season also added another dimension to the Nigerian food price challenge in May.
Going forward, the continuation of the Ramadan season should leave pressures on cereal prices largely intact. Thus, aided by still elevated transportation cost which have limited gains from an appreciating naira, we remain bearish on food inflation despite ongoing green harvest in the Southern part of the country.
That said, the cumulative benefits of sustained FX policy gains appear to have finally caught up with energy prices given subdued MoM growth in prices of PMS and cooking gas as well as decline in diesel prices in recent readings.
We expect this to lead to a moderation in monthly core inflation reading in June—albeit expected to have a relatively pale influence on YoY reading compared to that from the just ended high base effect from 2016. Overall, our expectations across the core and food inflation buckets should translate to an unchanged headline reading of 16.25% YoY in June 2017.
In terms of market impact, the CBN is expected to maintain its ongoing foreign exchange management policy in line with its guidance at the last MPC.
Specifically, putting subsisting food inflation pressures side by side with the positives from the newly introduced FX window for Investors and Exporters thus far, the CBN is unlikely to be in a hurry to exit its ongoing tight monetary policy and FX market drives. In any case, evidence from last GDP report reveals that the economy is already well on its way to recovery. In the near term therefore, we expect the CBN to sustain its sizable FX supply and aggressive OMO issuances, with the liquidity sapping effect of the duo leaving short term interest rates elevated.
Source: ARM Research
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By Adedapo Adesanya
The Presidential Enabling Business Environment Council (PEBEC) has directed Ministries, Departments, and Agencies (MDAs) to suspend the introduction of new policies and regulatory changes to prevent disruptions to businesses.
The directive was issued in a statement by PEBEC director-general, Mrs Zahrah Mustapha-Audu, on Monday in Abuja, noting that the move is part of the Federal Government’s broader effort to improve regulatory quality, ensure policy consistency, and strengthen Nigeria’s ease of doing business environment.
The council emphasised that the suspension will remain in place until all MDAs fully comply with the Regulatory Impact Analysis (RIA) Framework, which governs evidence-based policymaking across government institutions.
The council said the directive is aimed at ensuring that all government policies are backed by verifiable data and do not negatively impact businesses or investors.
“It is imperative to emphasise that no new reform or policy will be permitted to proceed without being grounded in clear, verifiable evidence,” said Mrs Mustapha-Audu.
“The framework provides the structured mechanism through which such evidence-based decisions can be rigorously developed, assessed, and validated.
“This directive is necessary to prevent policy shocks that may adversely affect businesses, investors, and citizens, as well as to eliminate policy inconsistencies and frequent reversals.”
She added that the government remains committed to working collaboratively with regulators and does not intend to embarrass any institution.
The Regulatory Impact Analysis (RIA) Framework, introduced in January 2025, is designed to improve transparency and ensure that policies undergo proper evaluation before implementation.
All MDAs are required to align new policies and amendments with the RIA framework before approval and rollout.
The framework has been circulated by the Office of the Secretary to the Government of the Federation (SGF) and is available on the PEBEC website.
MDAs are encouraged to seek technical support from the PEBEC Secretariat to ensure proper implementation.
Exceptions to the directive will only be granted in cases of urgent national interest, subject to appropriate approvals.
PEBEC noted that the framework will help institutionalise evidence-based policymaking, enhance transparency, and improve stakeholder confidence in government decisions.
By Aduragbemi Omiyale
Subscription for the Federal Government of Nigeria (FGN) savings bonds for April 2026 has opened, a circular from the Debt Management Office (DMO) on Tuesday, April 7, 2026, confirmed.
The debt office is selling the retail debt instrument for this month in two tenors of two years and three years.
Offer for the savings bonds opened today and will close on Friday, April 10, 2026, a part of the disclosure stated.
The 2-year FGN savings bond due April 15, 2028, is being sold at a coupon rate of 13.082 per cent per annum, while the 3-year FGN savings bond due April 15, 2029, is being sold at a coupon rate of 14.082 per cent per annum.
The interests are paid every quarter, and the bullet repayment to subscribers on the maturity date.
The bonds are sold at N1,000 per unit, subject to a minimum subscription of N5,000 and in multiples of N1,000 thereafter, subject to a maximum subscription of N50 million.
Interested investors are required to reach out to the stockbroking firms appointed as distribution agents by the DMO via the agency’s website.
An FGN savings bond qualifies as securities in which trustees can invest under the Trustee Investment Act. It also qualifies as government securities within the meaning of the Company Income Tax Act (CITA) and the Personal Income Tax Act (PITA) for tax exemption for pension funds, amongst other investors, meaning it is tax-free.
It can be used as a liquid asset for liquidity ratio calculation for banks, and is listed on the Nigerian Exchange (NGX) Limited to allow for easy exit (liquidation) before maturity by selling at the secondary market.
By Adedapo Adesanya
Oil prices climbed on Monday’s short trade as the United States and Iran threatened more attacks, as the two countries are engaging in indirect talks that could lead to the de-escalation of hostilities.
Brent crude futures settled at $109.77 a barrel after chalking up 74 cents or 0.68 per cent, while the US West Texas Intermediate (WTI) crude futures traded at $112.40 after growing by 87 cents or 0.78 per cent.
The US and Iran received a framework from Pakistan to end hostilities, but this was rejected by Iran, especially the idea of immediately reopening the strait after President Donald Trump threatened to rain “hell” on the nation if it did not make a deal by the end of Tuesday.
Iran said it had formulated its positions and demands in response to recent ceasefire proposals conveyed via intermediaries.
The US is eyeing an agreement to open the crucial Strait of Hormuz, the shipping artery used by one-fifth of the world’s oil and gas supply, but the strait, which carries oil and petroleum products from Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Kuwait and the United Arab Emirates, remains largely closed due to Iranian attacks on shipping after the U.S.-Israel attacks began on February 28.
Some vessels, however, including an Omani-operated tanker, a French-owned container ship and a Japanese-owned gas carrier, have passed through the strait since Thursday.
Meanwhile, major oil consumers, particularly in Asia, are conserving barrels or cutting consumption in response to the closure of the strait.
The Middle East supply disruptions have led refiners to seek alternative sources for crude, particularly for physical cargoes in the US and Britain’s North Sea.
Indian refiners have also postponed maintenance shutdowns of their units to meet local fuel demand.
On Sunday, the Organisation of the Petroleum Exporting Countries and its allies (OPEC+) agreed to a modest rise of 206,000 barrels per day for May. However, this will only appear on paper as the disruption is limiting the ability of the top producers to add the needed output.
OPEC’s combined oil output losses for March were estimated at 7.2 million barrels daily. The biggest production cuts were made by Kuwait, Iraq, the United Arab Emirates, and Saudi Arabia, for a total OPEC output of 21.57 million barrels daily for March. This is the lowest OPEC production rate since June 2020.
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