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CBN Streamlines BDC Operators to 82 to Sanitise FX Market

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BDC Operators

By Adedapo Adesanya

The Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) has issued final operating licences to 82 Bureaux De Change (BDC) operators under its revised regulatory framework.

In a statement released on Monday, signed by its acting Director of Corporate Communications, Mrs Hakama Sidi-Ali, the apex bank said the licences took effect from November 27, 2025, under the 2024 Regulatory and Supervisory Guidelines for BDC Operations in Nigeria.

BDCs are instrumental to the foreign exchange market, as their activity could help regulate demand and cover supply deficits.

The apex lender also cautioned the public against dealing with unlicensed foreign exchange operators.

“The Central Bank of Nigeria, in exercise of its powers under the Banks and Other Financial Institutions Act (BOFIA) 2020 and the 2024 Guidelines, has granted final licences to 82 Bureaux De Change to operate with effect from November 27, 2025,” a part of the statement read.

The central bank stressed that only BDCs listed on its official website are recognised as licensed operators and urged the public to verify the status of any BDC before transacting.

“While the CBN will continue to update the list of Bureaux De Change with valid operating licences for public verification on our website, the Bank advises the general public to avoid dealing with unlicensed Foreign Exchange Operators,” the statement warned.

The bank also noted that operating a BDC without a valid licence is punishable under Section 57(1) of the BOFIA 2020 and promised legal action against illegal operators.

This licensing exercise is part of CBN’s broader efforts to sanitise the foreign exchange market as well as enhance transparency, and ensure that only credible players operate in the sector.

A 2024 guideline, which became effective in June 2024, requires all BDCs to reapply for Tier 1 or Tier 2 licences and meet minimum capital requirements, N2 billion for Tier 1 and N500 million for Tier 2, alongside non-refundable license fees of N5 million and N2 million, respectively.

Adedapo Adesanya is a journalist, polymath, and connoisseur of everything art. When he is not writing, he has his nose buried in one of the many books or articles he has bookmarked or simply listening to good music with a bottle of beer or wine. He supports the greatest club in the world, Manchester United F.C.

Banking

See Nigerian Banks That Have Secured Their Licences

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CBN Building Governor Yemi Cardoso

Nigeria’s banking sector is in the midst of one of its most transformative periods in decades. In March 2024, the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) announced a new minimum capital requirement for banks, prompting them to raise additional capital by 31 March 2026. The goal? Create larger, more resilient banks that can support big projects, strengthen the financial system, and help drive Nigeria toward a $1 trillion economy.

It is important for everyday customers, investors, and businesses to understand that the new capital requirement is at different levels: International, National, and Regional.

Banks That Have Secured International Licences

An international banking licence allows banks to operate beyond Nigeria’s borders and engage in cross-border transactions. To qualify, banks must meet a higher capital threshold — ₦500 billion in paid-up capital.

As of early 2026, the following banks met this requirement and secured their international licences:

  • Access Bank Plc
  • Fidelity Bank Plc
  • First Bank of Nigeria Ltd
  • Guaranty Trust Bank (GTBank)
  • United Bank for Africa (UBA)
  • Zenith Bank Plc

Banks That Have Secured National Licences

A national banking licence allows operations across Nigeria but restricts international expansion. Banks need ₦200 billion in paid-up capital to secure this licence.

  • FCMB (First City Monument Bank) – currently pushing to raise additional capital to secure its international licence.
  • Wema Bank
  • Standard Chartered Bank (Nigeria)
  • Citibank Nigeria
  • Stanbic IBTC Bank
  • Sterling Bank
  • Globus Bank
  • Premium Trust Bank
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Banking

VAT on USSD, Mobile Transfer Fees Not Introduced by Nigeria Tax Act—NRS

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USSD War

By Modupe Gbadeyanka

The Nigeria Revenue Service (NRS) has denied reports that customers performing financial transactions would pay a Value Added Tax (VAT) of 7.5 per cent from January 19, 2026.

Information about this emanated from messages sent out to customers of a financial institution, informing them of the new development in compliance of Nigeria’s new tax laws, especially the Nigeria Tax Act 2025.

It was claimed that Nigerians, as part of efforts of the government to generate more funds from taxes, would begin to pay VAT for the use of banking services like USSD and others.

But reacting in a statement signed by its management on Thursday, January 15, 2026, the tax collecting agency emphasised that the VAT collection for such services was not new.

It stressed that customers have always paid taxes for electronic money transfers and others, as this is charged on the fee, not from the main amount of the transaction.

“The Nigeria Revenue Service wishes to address and correct misleading narratives circulating in sections of the media suggesting that Value Added Tax (VAT has been newly introduced on banking services, fees, commissions, or electronic money transfers. This claim is categorically incorrect.

“VAT has always applied to fees, commissions, and charges for services rendered by banks and other financial institutions under Nigeria’s long-established VAT regime. The Nigeria Tax Act did not introduce VAT on banking charges, nor (sic) did it impose new tax obligation on customers in this regard.

“The Nigeria Revenue Service urges members of the public and all stakeholders to disregard misinformation and to rely exclusively on official communications for accurate, authoritative, and up-to-date tax information,” the statement read.

Business Post reports that what this basically means is that if a customer sends N10,000 and the bank charges N50 for the service, a 7.5 per cent VAT on the N50, which is N3.75, would be paid by the sender, not N750, which is 7.5 per cent of N10,000.

VAT on banking fees

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Banking

Paystack Enters Banking Space With Ladder Microfinance Bank Acquisition

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Paystack

By Adedapo Adesanya

Nigerian-born payments company, Paystack, has announced its entry into the banking sector with the launch of Paystack Microfinance Bank (Paystack MFB) after the acquisition of Ladder Microfinance Bank.

The bank continues Paystack’s push into consumer products and adds a banking layer to its business-focused payment product, coming ten years after the company was founded with the goal of simplifying payments for businesses using modern technology.

In Nigeria alone, the company says its systems process trillions of Naira every month, supporting more than 300,000 businesses and millions of customers. According to Paystack, this growth highlighted a broader need beyond payments, prompting the decision to build a more comprehensive financial offering.

Paystack MFB will begin lending to businesses before expanding to consumers. It will also offer banking-as-a-service (BaaS) products to companies building financial products and treasury management products.

The company explained that while payments are a critical part of the financial journey, businesses and individuals increasingly require a full financial operating system. This includes the ability to store money securely, move funds easily, gain clarity from financial data, and access tools that support long-term growth. Developers, Paystack added, also need reliable, secure, and compliant infrastructure to build new financial solutions efficiently.

To address these needs, Paystack said it has established Paystack Microfinance Bank as a separate and independent entity from Paystack Payments Limited.

The new microfinance bank operates with its own license, governance structure, and product roadmap, although it will work closely with its sister company.

“By adding Paystack MFB to our family of brands, we’re finding the right balance through combining the rapid innovation of a tech-first platform with the stability of traditional banking,” said Ms Amandine Lobelle, Paystack’s chief operating officer.

Last year, it launched its controversial consumer payments app Zap, and now it is taking a step further with the company securing regulatory backing to become a deposit-taking institution. According to a statement, the bank will be guided by the same principles that shaped Paystack’s early success, including reliability, simplicity, transparency, and trust.

Paystack MFB has begun operations with a small group of early members and plans a gradual rollout to more businesses and individuals. The company also announced the opening of a waitlist for interested users and confirmed it is recruiting a dedicated team to help build its long-term banking infrastructure.

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