Banking
Ecobank Denies Manipulating Figures to Boost Financial Results
By Dipo Olowookere
Togo-based Ecobank Transnational Incorporated (ETI) has refuted a media report claiming it tampered with its accounts in order to make shareholders feel the company was doing well.
In a report by South Africa-based Sunday Times, it was claimed the Financial Reporting Council of Nigeria (FRCN) was already looking into the matter raised by a former CFO of Ecobank’s card division, Altu Sadie, that the financial institution applied incorrect exchange rates, which resulted in it overstating balance sheet items and income statements.
It was reported that the principal manager in the directorate of inspection and monitoring at FRCN, Olumuyiwa Ajibade, confirmed that “The council is working on it (issue). That’s as much as we can divulge at this time.”
Reacting to the issue, Ecobank, in a statement made available to Business Post on Wednesday, December 19, 2018, denied the “unfounded allegations,” urging its “shareholders, creditors, and other stakeholders” to disregard them.
It noted that, “The deterioration of the Naira in 2016 led to the creation of different windows for various segments of the economy leading to foreign currencies being traded in these markets/windows at different rates and thus leading to a multiple exchange rate system in Nigeria.
“The existence of multiple FX markets with different exchange rates as well as the accessibility to such markets necessitates the review of the appropriate exchange rates that entities should use in accounting for and reporting its foreign currency transactions as well as foreign investments into Nigeria under International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs). IAS 21 ‘The effects of changes in foreign exchange rates’, requires that a foreign currency transaction should be recorded at initial recognition in the functional currency using the spot exchange rate at the date of transaction (IAS 21, paragraph 21). IAS 21 paragraph 8 defines the spot exchange rate as the exchange rate for immediate delivery. Where a country has multiple exchange rates, an official quoted rate should be used as the spot rate.
“Nigeria currently has multiple exchange rates and judgment is required to determine which exchange rate qualifies as a spot rate that can be used for translation under IAS 21. In determining whether a rate is a spot rate, an entity is required to consider whether the currency is available at an official quoted rate and whether the quoted rate is available for immediate delivery.
“The CBN official rate, Nigeria Inter-bank Foreign Exchange Fixing (NIFEX) rates and the Nigerian Autonomous Foreign Exchange Fixing (NAFEX) rates are all quoted and can be used to convert or translate foreign currency transactions. Thus, the CBN official, NIFEX or NAFEX rates all technically comply with the requirements of IAS 21.
“As a policy within Ecobank Group, we use the official rate in the respective jurisdictions in which we operate to translate the results and balances of our affiliates into the Group’s reporting currency, the US Dollar. As a result, and in exercising the judgment allowed for within IAS 21, the Group currently uses the CBN official rate which is one of the 3 quoted rates and the official exchange rate according to the CBN.
“The use of this rate complies with IAS 21 and has been publicly disclosed to the market in all our press releases along with the impact of using the other available rates.
“This is done so that users of our financial statements can easily quantify and adjust for the use of the other exchange rates if necessary. Most of our peers in Nigeria used the CBN rate in 2017, before switching to NIFEX towards the end of the year. In 2018, they have gradually settled at a blend of both NIFEX and NAFEX.
“The use of the CBN rate is in accordance with the group’s policy which is to apply the official rates. This policy and its application are compliant with IFRS and specifically IAS 21.
“To enable comparison and to ensure that the user of the group’s financial statements is not prejudiced in any way, we have adequately disclosed in our various press releases and investor presentations the fact that we have used the CBN official rate in addition to disclosing the expected impact on our results of using alternative available rates.
“At its November board meeting, the Board of ETI approved the adoption of the NAFEX rate as the rate to be used for the translation of our operations in Nigeria. The change has been necessitated and approved in response to developments in the industry especially with the ETI’s peers moving away from the use of the CBN official rate.
“Ecobank Group adopted IFRS 9 as issued by the IASB in July 2014 with a date of transition of 1 January 2018, which resulted in changes in accounting policies and adjustments to the amounts previously recognised in the financial statements.
“Similarly to our peers in Nigeria, as well as other African and global banks, and, as permitted by the transitional provisions of IFRS 9, the Group has elected not to restate comparative figures. Adjustments to the carrying amounts of financial assets and liabilities at the date of transition were recognised in the opening retained earnings and other reserves of the current period. Overall, the adoption of the standard resulted in the group recording higher impairment allowance than that recognised under IAS 39. This had a negative impact on the group equity by $299m.
“The main drivers for the significant increase in IFRS 9 impairment figures when compared to IAS 39 impairment figures are:
• Replacement of the emergency period under IAS 39 with 12 months ECL on all exposures under IFRS 9.
• IFRS 9 introduces the stage 2 bucket where higher impairment (Lifetime losses) is recognised for facilities with significant increase in credit risk. Under IAS 39, same assets were classified as performing with minimal impairment recognised.
• Off balance sheet exposure & undrawn balances: Under IAS 39, impairment was not required to be recognised on these items, however, IFRS 9 requires that impairment provision on these items is calculated.
• Other financial instruments: Historically very little or no impairment has been held on non-customer loans/ instruments such as placements with other banks, government treasury bills and bonds, corporate bonds, items in the course of clearing and other debtors. These are now clearly within the scope of IFRS 9 and impairment has been computed on these.
“IFRS 9 2014 does not require restatement of comparativeperiod financial statements except in limited circumstances related to hedgeaccounting (not applicable to Ecobank Group) or when an entity chooses torestate (the Group has not, nor have most of its peers).
“The standard requiresthat where comparative periods are not restated, the difference between theprevious carrying amounts and the new carrying amounts be recorded in openingretained earnings or other components of equity, as appropriate. This is theapproach that has been followed by the Group and as a result the transitionimpact of $299m has been recognised in equity.
“In conclusion, we can confirm to allstakeholders that there were no misstatements in our financial statements asalleged in our financial statement for the year ended 31 December 2017 or inour three quarterly reports released during the 2018 year.
“We also note thatthis unfounded allegation was made by a former employee of the Group who iscurrently in court claiming payment of 13 years’ salary for an alleged unlawfultermination of his employment contract.”
Banking
Coronation Merchant Bank Targets Top-Tier African Status in Next Growth Phase
By Adedapo Adesanya
Coronation Merchant Bank has set its sights on attaining top-tier status among African banks, leveraging a decade of operations and Nigeria’s ongoing economic reforms to drive its next phase of growth across key sectors.
Speaking at the Chairman’s Dinner held to commemorate the bank’s 10th anniversary in Lagos, the chief executive of the lender, Mr Paul Abiagam, said the institution had successfully carved out a distinct niche in Nigeria’s highly competitive financial services market despite a decade defined by economic volatility, policy shifts and macroeconomic uncertainty.
“Over the last 10 years, we have found our own space in a very tight market and built credible footprints in the specific markets we chose to serve,” Mr Abiagam said.
Describing the bank’s journey as “valiant” amid the changing economic landscape, he said the anniversary represents both a moment of gratitude to the bank’s founder, shareholders, board and partners, and a recommitment to scale new heights in the decade ahead.
Mr Abiagam attributed the bank’s resilience and steady growth to strong shareholder and board support, as well as a clear and disciplined corporate strategy.
He noted that Coronation Merchant Bank’s focus on defined target markets had enabled it to expand its footprint across key sectors of the economy while maintaining operational clarity.
Looking ahead, the CEO said ongoing reforms and the Federal Government’s ambition to build a $1 trillion economy present significant opportunities for financial institutions with the right expertise and positioning.
He identified infrastructure, construction, real estate, oil and gas, and manufacturing as priority sectors where the bank is already aligning its strategy.
“Volatility often comes with opportunity, What we see clearly is opportunity, and our strategy is to ensure we are well positioned to take advantage of it.” Mr Abiagam said.
Among the bank’s notable milestones, Mr Abiagam highlighted its international credit ratings, placing Coronation among a small group of internationally rated merchant banks in Nigeria.
He also pointed to human capital as a core strength, describing the bank’s people and talent as its greatest asset.
In his remarks, the Chairman of Coronation Merchant Bank, Mr Babatunde Folawiyo, reflected on the challenges of operating in Nigeria’s banking sector over the past decade, noting that the true measure of success lies in an institution’s ability to grow through uncertainty and emerge stronger.
“Anyone who has operated in Nigeria’s banking space over the last 10 years knows how challenging it has been,” Mr Folawiyo said, citing policy changes, macroeconomic shifts and leadership transitions. “The real test is whether you can grow through those challenges—and we have.”
Mr Folawiyo said recent reforms have introduced greater certainty into the economy, particularly in the foreign exchange market, which is critical for business planning and sustainable growth. While acknowledging that the adjustment period has been difficult, he stressed that predictability, even at higher exchange rates, is far more beneficial than extreme volatility.
“No business thrives without some level of stability. What hurts the economy most is wild and sudden swings. Predictability allows businesses to plan, adjust and grow,” he said.
On the outlook for the sector, Mr Folawiyo said Nigeria remains significantly underbanked, creating room for diverse players within the financial system. While technology and fintechs are expanding access to financial services, he emphasized the enduring role of specialized institutions such as merchant banks in serving corporate and structured finance needs.
“A corporate client structuring commercial papers or complex funding solutions needs more than a fintech app. It needs a bespoke, one-stop financial partner. That is where merchant banks like ours play a critical role,” the Chairman said.
He added that Coronation Merchant Bank’s strategy is anchored on long-term economic fundamentals rather than political cycles, noting that the current policy direction of the Central Bank and the Federal Government, though initially painful, aligns with sound economic principles.
“These are textbook reforms. There is no gain without pain, and we are already beginning to see the gains, not just in the financial sector but across the broader economy,” he added.
Banking
S&P Forecasts 25% Credit Growth for Nigerian Banks in 2026
By Adedapo Adesanya
Nigerian banks are expected to post stronger credit growth of up to 25 per cent in 2026 while retaining positive profitability, according to a new outlook by S&P Global Ratings.
In its Nigerian Banking Outlook 2026, S&P said improved lending to key sectors of the economy alongside resilient non-interest income would help banks absorb the impact of regulatory headwinds and easing interest rates.
The ratings agency projected credit growth of between 20 and 25 per cent in 2026, driven largely by increased investments in oil and gas, agriculture and manufacturing.
It added that the outlook for lending was supported by expectations of moderating inflation and gradual monetary easing, following recent interest rate cuts by the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN).
“We expect credit growth of about 20-25 per cent supported by investments in the oil and gas, agriculture, and manufacturing sectors. Although interest rates have started to decrease, profitability should stay resilient in 2026, supported by growth in non-interest income (NII) and lower provisions.
“We expect Nigerian banks to prove resilient and capable of preserving their profitability in 2026,” S&P said, noting that earnings would be supported by transaction driven fees, commissions and a still elevated cost of risk, even as margins come under pressure.
The ratings agency noted further that it expects nominal lending growth to remain high at about 25 per cent, supported largely by investments in the oil and gas sector, agriculture and manufacturing.
S&P said Nigerian banks would continue to benefit from rates that remain high relative to peers, supporting net interest margins while interest rates are expected to decline further in 2026.
“Although interest rates have started to decline, we expect rates to remain high relative to peers, which will continue to support banks’ net interest margins through 2026.
“We forecast the average return on equity (ROE) will normalise at 20-23 per cent in 2026 compared to 25 per cent estimated for 2025, while return on assets will decline marginally to 3.0-3.1 per cent from an estimated 3.3 per cent in 2025. Profitability will be supported by still high interest margins, growing NII, and slightly lower provisions, while capital issuance will increase the equity base leading to a lower ROE.
“Although interest rates have started to decline, we expect rates to be high relative to peers, which will continue to support the banks’ net interest margins through 2026. We forecast an average margin drop of about 50bps to 100bps in 2026, as banks’ margins will continue to benefit from higher yields on government securities and large recourse to low-cost customer deposits.”
Banking
CBN Targets Reforms to Ease Compliance Burdens on Fintech Firms
By Aduragbemi Omiyale
To ease regulatory compliance burdens on financial technology (fintech) companies, the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) is considering some strategic reforms through a policy known as the Single Regulatory Window.
In its 2025 Fintech Report, the central bank said this scheme will significantly reduce time-to-market for new digital financial products by streamlining licensing and supervisory processes across multiple agencies.
The CBN said there would be a shared regulatory infrastructure in form of a Compliance-as-a-Service model to cut down duplicative reporting, ease the burden on regulated fintechs, and enhance supervisory visibility.
The apex bank said it came up with this idea after being aware of some challenges stakeholders, especially operators, go through in the ecosystem.
The bank said fintech firms remain a critical leg in its financial inclusion drive in Nigeria and must be supported to expand their operations to achieve the goal.
The CBN report showed that 62.5 per cent of fintech firms lamented how regulatory timelines materially affect product rollouts, while over one-third noted that it takes more than 12 months to bring a new product to market, largely due to compliance bottlenecks.
“Stakeholders cited delays in approvals and ambiguity in regulatory guidelines as their most pressing concerns,” a part of the report disclosed.
The report recommended “exploring models for a Single Regulatory Window to simplify multi-agency compliance processes and reduce time-to-market.”
It was also suggested that to address the issues, the bank must review “approval timelines and operational guidelines.”
In addition, the central bank was advised to either review the PSB framework or introduce a dedicated digital banking licence that would enable inclusive lending under stronger prudential oversight.
“A dedicated digital bank licence may be a more effective pathway for inclusive lending than expanding the PSB mandate,” the respondents suggested.
As for digital assets, the CBN signalled a shift towards a more nuanced regulatory framework for cryptocurrency, balancing innovation with financial integrity rather than imposing blanket restrictions, as fintechs acknowledged crypto’s potential to drive cost-effective cross-border transactions and strengthen remittance channels, while also warning of risks linked to illicit flows and consumer protection.
“There was broad agreement on the need for a risk-based, activity-focused regulatory framework,” the report stated, adding that regulators must avoid equating all crypto activity with criminality, especially as many scams originate offshore.
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