Banking
Moody’s Assigns first-time B2 Issuer Rating to Ecobank
By Dipo Olowookere
Leading global rating company, Moody’s Investors Service (Moody’s) last week announced assigning first-time B2/Not Prime global local- and foreign-currency issuer ratings to Ecobank Transnational Incorporated (ETI), a Pan-African bank holding company incorporated in Togo.
According to Moody’s, the long-term ratings carry a stable outlook and as part of its analysis, the rating agency also assigned a notional baseline credit assessment (BCA) and adjusted BCA of b2 and b1, respectively, based on ETI’s consolidated financial statements.
Moody’s explained that ETI’s ratings reflect the group’s stable funding and liquidity profile, expansive geographic and business diversification, recovering profitability and Moody’s assessment of a moderate probability of affiliate support in case of need.
It noted that these strengths are balanced against the group’s high, but potentially moderating, asset risks and modest capital buffers, which are largely legacy issues that the bank’s new management is pro-actively addressing as part of a broader strategic plan. The new strategy also introduces digitalization and cost-cutting initiatives.
The rating agency disclosed that the stable outlook balances ETI’s stable funding profile, recovering profitability and business diversification against the group’s elevated, but potentially moderating, asset risks and modest capital buffers, which the rating agency expects will only slowly improve over the next 12-18 months in the context of continued challenges in the external environment of emerging markets.
ETI is a pan-African banking group, with banking subsidiaries in 33 African countries and total assets of $21.6 billion as of June 2018. As a bank holding company incorporated in Togo, which is part of the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU), it is regulated by the Central Bank of the West African States (BCEAO), the regional central bank.
According to Moody’s, ETI’s BCA of b2 reflects the group’s stable funding and liquidity profile, recovering profitability, diversification benefits and improving, but still challenging, macro-economic conditions in the African continent, balanced against the group’s elevated asset risks and modest capital buffers.
More specifically, it said the ratings reflect ETI’s deposit-based funding structure, with customer deposits accounting for 71 percent of total assets as of June 2018, and with limited reliance on riskier short-term market funding.
ETI’s deposits are granular and have historically proved stable, while the bank also has access to longer-duration market funding, which helps support its liquidity management and better match the duration of its assets and liabilities.
The group also maintains strong liquidity buffers, with cash and interbank balances representing 19 percent of total assets, while it can also count on an additional 28 percent of investment securities and government bonds, most of which can be repurchased through its subsidiaries’ respective central banks to source additional liquidity in case of need.
Moody’s also noted that as a Pan-African bank with banking subsidiaries in 33 African countries, ETI can substantially benefit from geographic and business diversification. The granular nature of ETI’s operations, combined with its entrenched African franchise helps diversify credit, operational and business risks.
In addition, the group’s broad diversification might act as a counterweight in times of stress by giving ETI a range of alternative sources of income and resources when other parts of the group may face challenges. Moody’s incorporates such benefits in the standalone BCA of the group.
Moody’s also noted that the group’s revised strategy makes it clear that management is committed to ensuring that all banking subsidiaries follow strict loan underwriting and risk management standards while reporting an adequate return on equity, with a clear understanding that a rationalisation of the group’s footprint may be needed where these goals cannot be achieved in a timely manner.
During 2017 and H1 2018, the group has already recorded a significant improvement in its earnings generating capacity, supported by the new management team’s focussed strategy and reorganisation initiatives that have led to cost cutting and lower provisioning requirements (2.6 percent of gross loans for H1 2018 compared to 7.8 percent in 2016). For H1 2018, the group reported bottom-line profits to ordinary shareholders of $135 million, up 28 percent year-on-year.
According to Moody’s, another credit factor behind the ratings assigned today is Africa’s economy and operating environment. Moody’s recognises that economic growth in Sub-Saharan Africa is accelerating, which will provide significant business opportunities for ETI, but also notes that the operating environment remains challenging. The rating agency uses a “Very Weak+” Macro Profile assessment for ETI, which is the weighted average of the Macro Profiles of the principal countries and regions in which the bank operates; more specifically: Cote d’Ivoire’s newly assigned “Weak-“; Nigeria’s “Very Weak+”; Ghana’s “Very Weak”; and Tanzania’s “Very Weak+”.
ETI’s ratings also reflect the group’s high asset risks, with the non-performing loans (NPLs)-to-gross loans ratio at 9.6 percent as of June 2018 and still high provisioning requirements (2.6 percent of gross loans for H1 2018).
Going forward, Moody’s said it does, however, expect a gradual reduction in NPL levels as economic growth accelerates and ETI strengthens its risk management capabilities and the new management’s on-going emphasis on improving its risk culture.
Similarly, Moody’s says considers the group’s capital buffers as modest, with the Moody’s-adjusted Basel II/III tangible common equity-to-risk-weighted assets ratio estimated at 5.6 percent as of December 2017, below the level reported by similarly-rated banks (of around 13 percent).
According to Moody’s, ETI’s major shareholders remain committed long-term investors, and Moody’s assesses that there is a moderate probability that they will support the institution with additional capital in case of stress. Moody’s therefore incorporates a one notch rating uplift due to affiliate support, placing ETI’s notional adjusted BCA at b1.
As a pan-African group with banking subsidiaries in 33 African countries, ETI remains an important institution for the African continent, and even more so for the WAEMU region, where it is incorporated and regulated by BCEAO, and where 40 percent of the group’s operations are situated. Although Moody’s does not impute any government support uplift, the rating agency assesses that in case of need the regulatory authorities will show flexibility and certain degree of forbearance that will allow enough time for management and shareholders to recapitalize the group.
ETI is a non-operational financial holding entity and its issuer rating is positioned one notch below its notional adjusted BCA of b1. This is because holding-company creditors are subordinated to creditors at banking subsidiaries in a bankruptcy or resolution context, and are thus likely to experience higher losses. This is also the case for ETI, which relies on the up-streaming of dividends from its investments to repay its own liabilities.
Moody’s said the stable outlook balances ETI’s relative strong funding and liquidity position, recovering profitability and business diversification benefits, against the group’s modest capital buffers and elevated — but potentially moderating — asset risks. Over the next 12 months, the rating agency expects that ETI’s NPL ratio will remain high despite a gradual reduction and lower NPL formation.
The rating agency said a rigorous implementation of management’s initiatives to strengthen the fundamental operations of the group and realise its full diversification potential, especially as measured by ETI’s non-performing loans and capital metrics, would lead to upward rating pressure.
Needing money fast is a common problem in Nigeria. Rent is due, or a small business runs short on stock money before the next sale. In the past, getting a loan from a bank meant paperwork, a guarantor, and sometimes property as collateral. That process could take weeks. Today, things have changed. Several licensed digital lenders in Nigeria now offer personal loans without collateral, and the entire process can be completed from a phone in under an hour.
This article explains how no collateral loans work in Nigeria, what lenders actually check before approving you, and how to avoid the mistakes that get loan applications rejected or, worse, land borrowers with apps that are not properly registered.
What “No Collateral” Really Means
A collateral loan asks you to pledge something of value, like land, a car, or a fixed deposit, as security. If you fail to repay, the lender has a legal right to seize that asset. Most working Nigerians do not have assets like this sitting idle, which is exactly why no collateral loans exist.
Instead of asking for property, digital lenders look at other signals to judge whether you can repay:
- Your Bank Verification Number (BVN) or National Identification Number (NIN), used to confirm your identity
- Your bank account history, which shows whether money moves in and out regularly
- Your mobile money or airtime usage in some cases, which hints at your financial activity
- Your repayment history with other lenders, if you have borrowed digitally before
This is why an app like LendSafe can approve a loan in minutes. There is no waiting for a bank manager to review your file. The decision is based on data you provide once, during registration.
Steps to Get a Quick Loan Without Collateral
The process is fairly similar across most reputable Nigerian loan apps, though the details differ slightly.
- Download a licensed loan app: Always check that the app is registered with the Federal Competition and Consumer Protection Commission (FCCPC) before installing it. Unregistered apps are the ones most often linked to harassment and hidden charges.
- Register with your phone number and basic details: Most apps ask for your name, phone number, and BVN or NIN to verify who you are.
- Answer a few simple questions: This usually covers your employment status, income range, and sometimes your address.
- Wait for your credit limit: Based on the information provided, the app calculates how much you qualify to borrow. This step typically takes a few minutes.
- Choose your loan amount and repayment plan: Pick an amount you are confident you can repay on time, not the maximum offered.
- Receive the funds: Once approved, money is sent directly to your bank account, often within minutes.
What to Check Before You Borrow
Before accepting any loan offer, confirm the following:
- The interest rate and total repayment amount: A lender should show you exactly how much you will repay, not just how much you will receive.
- The repayment date and any penalty for late payment: Missing a date by accident should not lead to extreme charges.
- The lender’s registration status: Reputable lenders, such as those operating under the FCCPC’s Digital, Electronic, Online and Non-Traditional Consumer Lending Regulations, are required to disclose their licensing details. If an app cannot show this, treat it as a warning sign.
- What permissions the app is requesting: A lender does not need access to your entire photo gallery or contact list to process a personal loan. Be cautious of apps that ask for more access than necessary.
Why ‘No Collateral’ Does Not Mean No Responsibility
Some borrowers assume that because no asset is on the line, a missed payment carries no real consequence. This is not true. Digital lenders report repayment behaviour to credit bureaus in Nigeria, including CRC Credit Bureau and CreditRegistry. A pattern of late or missed payments can affect your ability to borrow in the future, even from a different lender entirely.
The safest approach is to borrow only what you need and only when you are sure of your repayment date. A loan app should support a short-term need, not become a constant source of stress.
Conclusion
No collateral loans have made it possible for ordinary Nigerians, salaried or self-employed, to access quick cash without the long process traditional banks require. The key is choosing a lender that is properly licensed, transparent about costs, and respectful of your data and privacy. Apps that are upfront about their fees and regulatory status, like LendSafe by SmartLoans, are generally a safer place to start than apps with no clear company information behind them.
Before your next financial emergency arrives, it is worth knowing which licensed apps you can trust and how the no-collateral process actually works. That knowledge alone can save you from a costly mistake.
By Adedapo Adesanya
African payments technology giant, Paystack, has launched the Paystack Small Business Programme to support Nigerian small businesses through a range of initiatives designed to help them grow, connect with relevant opportunities, and access funding for their next stage of growth.
The initiative will support businesses as they start, manage and grow their operations, starting with the Paystack Small Business Bundle.
The bundle gives eligible Nigerian merchants access to up to N4 million in discounts on tools and services from selected partners across key areas of business operations, including commerce, bookkeeping, logistics, design, workspace, customer communication, and digital tools.
In the pilot phase, Paystack is targeting 2,000 Nigerian SMBs for the Small Business Bundle, with additional partner offers expected over time.
According to the company, in a statement on Monday, small businesses play a significant role in Nigeria’s economy, but many still face everyday operational challenges, from managing sales and records, reaching customers, handling deliveries, and accessing affordable tools.
As a result, the programme has been developed to provide practical support for these businesses as they manage daily operations and plan for their next stage of growth. Through the Small Business bundle, eligible merchants can access offers from partners including Bumpa, Ijeworks, Wiicreate, Flowcart, Simplebks, Africaworks, Paystack, Kindlybook, FezDelivery, Gamp, Pressone, Mercurie, Shuttlers and Canva.
The Paystack Small Business Programme will commence with three key initiatives designed to support the growth and sustainability of small businesses. These include the Paystack Small Business Bundle, which offers a range of tools, services, resources, and partner benefits to help businesses operate more efficiently and scale sustainably; the Paystack Small Business Launchpad, which provides dedicated, hands-on support to high-potential businesses, enabling them to maximize the value of Paystack’s solutions and accelerate growth; and the Paystack Small Business Grant, which offers financial support to promising businesses to help fund their next phase of expansion and development.
The Bundle is available to eligible Nigerian merchants with a live Paystack account, at least 10 Paystack transactions in the last 30 days, and operations in Nigeria.
Eligible merchants can visit the Small Business Bundle Page to browse available partner offers, submit their business details and receive redemption instructions once their eligibility has been confirmed.
By Seun Oyediran
The Nigerian economic landscape is defined by the resilience of its micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). From the high-traffic supermarkets of Lagos to the critical distribution hubs supporting the hinterlands, millions of entrepreneurs drive our domestic commerce. Yet, a recurring theme persists in our boardroom discussions and macroeconomic reviews: the “missing middle.” While demand remains robust across various sectors, limited access to financing remains one of the several constraints affecting SME growth, effectively putting a limit on how much the country’s economy can grow.
The data provided by the Small and Medium Enterprises Development Agency of Nigeria (SMEDAN) is unequivocal. SMEs constitute approximately 96% of all domestic businesses, contributing nearly 50% of the national GDP and employing over 80% of the workforce. They are not merely a segment of the economy; they are the economy. However, the International Finance Corporation (IFC) continues to highlight a staggering credit gap. This structural bottleneck means that even businesses with proven product-market fit are often unable to fulfill orders, optimize inventory, or expand their footprint, simply because traditional capital remains inaccessible.
Merchant credit represents one financing option available to support working capital and inventory management needs. Unlike the rigid structures of traditional commercial lending, merchant credit is purpose-built for the velocity of trade. By injecting capital directly at the point of need, specifically for inventory replenishment, business expansion and equipment acquisition, it may help address short-term liquidity requirements for eligible businesses. For a merchant, the inability to stock goods is not just a missed sale; it is a loss of market share and a regression in cash flow momentum. Merchant credit may help eligible businesses address short-term liquidity constraints and support inventory management.
From a risk management and credit perspective, the evolution of digital financial services has revolutionised how we view SME creditworthiness. Historically, the absence of collateral or formal credit histories led to the systemic exclusion of many viable businesses. A data-driven approach shifts the focus from static assets to dynamic performance, enabling lenders to deploy capital into businesses demonstrating sustainable operational performance.
The macroeconomic implications of optimising merchant credit are profound. Access to appropriately structured financing may contribute to broader economic activity, employment, and business expansion. In the context of Nigeria’s urgent need to diversify away from hydrocarbon dependence, the private sector, and SMEs in particular, must remain an important contributor to economic development. To build globally competitive brands and export-led enterprises, we must move beyond the rhetoric of “supporting” small businesses and transition toward integrating them into modern credit value chains.
The strategic imperative is clear. The chasm between a local business and a regional champion is rarely a lack of ambition; it is access to capital that remains a significant constraint for many businesses. If we are to foster a new generation of African industry leaders, we must prioritise the deployment of flexible, data-driven financing solutions. When responsibly structured and appropriately deployed, merchant credit can support business growth, inventory management, and operational continuity for eligible enterprises.
Seun Oyediran, Director, Merchant Lending
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