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SERAP Sues CBN Over Alleged Missing N3trn

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SERAP

By Adedapo Adesanya

The Socio-Economic Rights and Accountability Project (SERAP) has filed a lawsuit against the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) for failing to account for N3 trillion in public funds, alleged to be missing or diverted.

The lawsuit followed the grave allegations contained in the latest annual report by the Auditor-General of the Federation, published on September 9, 2025. It includes over N629 billion paid to ‘unknown beneficiaries’ as part of the Anchor Borrowers’ Programme.

In the suit number FHC/ABJ/CS/250/2026 filed last week at the Federal High Court in Abuja, SERAP is seeking: “an order of mandamus to direct and compel the CBN to account for and explain the whereabouts of the missing or diverted N3 trillion of public funds, including detailed reports of how exactly the funds were spent.”

In the suit, SERAP argued that, “These grim allegations by the Auditor-General suggest grave violations of the public trust, the provisions of the Nigerian Constitution 1999 [as amended], the CBN Act, and anticorruption standards.”

SERAP is arguing that, “These grave violations also reflect a failure of CBN accountability more generally and are directly linked to the institution’s persistent failure to comply with its Act and to uphold the principles of transparency and accountability.”

According to SERAP, “These violations have seriously undermined the ability of the CBN to effectively discharge its statutory functions and the public trust and confidence in the bank. The CBN ought to be committed to transparency and accountability in its operations.”

SERAP is also arguing that, “Nigerians have the right to know the whereabouts of the missing or diverted public funds. Granting the reliefs sought would advance the right of Nigerians to restitution, compensation and guarantee of non-repetition.”

The suit filed on behalf of SERAP by its lawyers: Ms Oluwakemi Agunbiade and Ms Valentina Adegoke, read in part: “According to the Auditor-General, the CBN in 2022 failed to remit over N1 trillion [N1,445,593,400,000.00] of ‘the Federal Government’s portion of operating surplus’ into the Consolidated Revenue Fund (CRF) account.”

“The Auditor-General fears that the money may have been ‘diverted.’ He wants the money recovered and remitted to the treasury.”

“The CBN also failed to recover over N629 billion [N629,040,000,000.00] paid to ‘unknown beneficiaries’ as part of the Anchor Borrowers’ Programme, a programme ‘meant to support farmers to ensure sustainable food production in the country,’” it said.

SERAP noted that the Auditor-General raised serious concerns over financial management at the apex bank, citing unaccounted intervention funds and unrecovered loans running into hundreds of billions of naira.

The report noted that the number of beneficiaries who collected certain disbursed funds remains unknown and that efforts to recover the money have been inadequate. Over N784.4 billion in unpaid and overdue loans issued between 2018 and May 2022 remain outstanding, with fears that diversion of funds may have worsened food security challenges. The Auditor-General has called for full recovery and remittance of the funds to the treasury.

The report also questions over N125.37 billion spent by the CBN in 2022 on intervention activities allegedly linked to national security, federal and state government engagements, and financial sector capacity building. According to the Auditor-General, there was no documentary evidence to support the expenditure, nor proof of approval by the National Assembly. He warned that the spending may not align with Section 2 of the CBN Act and could have been diverted, again urging that the funds be recovered and paid into the treasury.

Further scrutiny revealed that the CBN “unjustifiably” spent N1.79 billion on 43 operational vehicles for the Nigeria Immigration Service, despite no clear connection to the Bank’s statutory mandate and no evidence of delivery or procurement documentation. Additionally, 43 contracts worth over N189.5 billion allegedly suffered deliberate delays, leading to irregular contract variations of over N9.27 billion without proper records. The Katsina branch of the CBN also failed to recover over N90 million in COVID-19 intervention loans to SMEs.

In each case, SERAP noted that the Auditor-General expressed concern that the funds may have been diverted or mismanaged and demanded recovery and remittance to the treasury.

Adedapo Adesanya is a journalist, polymath, and connoisseur of everything art. When he is not writing, he has his nose buried in one of the many books or articles he has bookmarked or simply listening to good music with a bottle of beer or wine. He supports the greatest club in the world, Manchester United F.C.

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Banking

Moniepoint Expands into East Africa with Sumac Deal

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moniepoint Sumac Microfinance Bank

By Adedapo Adesanya

Nigerian business-banking unicorn, Moniepoint, is eyeing a considerable foothold in East Africa as it completed the acquisition of a 78 per cent stake in Kenya’s Sumac Microfinance Bank.

The deal was finalised on Thursday and provides Moniepoint with a deposit-taking licence, an essential requirement for its credit-led expansion strategy.

The acquisition of Sumac allows Moniepoint to bypass the Central Bank of Kenya’s (CBK) policy to halt new licences to new foreign players. It will also ease worries after its move to buy payments firm Kopo Kopo failed.

By securing a majority stake in the 20-year-old institution, Moniepoint gains the regulatory infrastructure needed to deploy its high-velocity lending model to Kenya’s small and medium -sized enterprises (SMEs).

Sumac is a tier-three lender, and with its existing branch network and regulatory standing, the lender offers Moniepoint one of the ways to scale in a region increasingly shaped by digital-first credit.

The move also signals the company’s ambition to build a cross-border ecosystem that captures the entire merchant value chain, rather than solely on transaction fees.

Moniepoint’s entry into Kenya follows its acquisition of Orda, a cloud-based restaurant software provider for an undisclosed sum earlier this week, in a push to tap into the billion-dollar restaurants’ economy.

The company plans to export its business-in-a-box strategy, which integrates inventory management, payroll, and working capital by combining Orda’s vertical Software as a Service (SaaS) capabilities with Sumac’s banking infrastructure.

Orda will be rebranded Moniebook for Restaurants and integrated into Moniebook, Moniepoint’s business management platform. Orda will continue to operate as a standalone business until the full integration is completed in the coming months.

Orda currently operates in Nigeria and Kenya, but the acquisition only covers its Nigerian operations. However, with its presence in Kenya, it may set the tone for the acquisition of that subsidiary.

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Banking

CBN Targets Inflation, FX Stability, Stronger Reserves in Next Phase Policy Focus

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CBN - Yemi Cardoso

By Adedapo Adesanya

The Governor of the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN), Mr Yemi Cardoso, said the central bank would now focus on a five-point policy agenda aimed at consolidating recent macroeconomic gains and steering the country toward sustained stability.

Mr Cardoso, while speaking at the 2026 Monetary Policy Forum held in Abuja on Thursday, set out the lender’s next phase of reforms anchored on inflation control, exchange rate stability, stronger reserves, deeper financial markets, and improved policy effectiveness.

The forum, themed Strengthening Nigeria’s Macroeconomic Stability Through Effective Monetary Policy: The Roles of Critical Stakeholders, brought together fiscal authorities, financial institutions, private sector players, and development partners.

He said the CBN will be positioning its five-point agenda as the cornerstone of the next phase of economic management.

Mr Cardoso said while recent reforms had delivered measurable improvements across key indicators, the focus had now shifted to consolidation.

He identified the five priorities as anchoring inflation firmly on a downward path to single-digit levels, sustaining exchange rate stability, strengthening external reserves through organic inflows, deepening interbank market development, and enhancing the transmission of monetary policy.

According to Mr Cardoso, the priorities reflect a deliberate strategy to entrench stability and improve the efficiency of the monetary framework. “The journey is far from complete. Our next phase is focused on consolidation,” Cardoso said, stressing that maintaining discipline and consistency would be critical to achieving durable outcomes.

He noted that the bank’s tightening measures and foreign exchange reforms had already begun to yield results, with inflation moderating, reserves strengthening, and market confidence improving.

However, he cautioned that sustaining these gains would require strong coordination between monetary and fiscal authorities.

Mr Cardoso emphasised that macroeconomic stability could not be achieved in isolation, describing it as a shared responsibility among policymakers, financial institutions, and the broader economic system.

He said disciplined fiscal operations, aligned policy actions, and continuous stakeholder engagement would be essential in delivering on the Bank’s objectives.

The CBN governor also highlighted the importance of deepening the interbank market to improve liquidity distribution and enhance the effectiveness of policy signals across the financial system.

He added that strengthening monetary policy transmission mechanisms would ensure that policy decisions translate more efficiently into real sector outcomes, including price stability and economic growth.

On external buffers, Mr Cardoso said the bank would continue to prioritise reserve accretion through sustainable sources, including improved foreign exchange inflows and enhanced market confidence. He explained that stronger reserves would provide a critical cushion against external shocks and support exchange rate stability.

The CBN chief further stressed that the success of the consolidation phase would depend on sustained collaboration across institutions.

He reaffirmed the apex bank’s commitment to orthodox monetary policy, transparency, and institutional credibility, noting that the reforms undertaken so far were necessary to correct past distortions and lay the foundation for long-term economic resilience.

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Banking

CBN Orders IMTOs to Open Naira Settlement Accounts, Stops Dollar Payments

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CBN IMTOs

By Modupe Gbadeyanka

In a bid to strengthen the Naira and ensure transparency, traceability, and effective monitoring of all transactions, the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) has directed all International Money Transfer Operators (IMTOs) in the country to open Naira settlement accounts for all transactions.

In a circular dated Tuesday, March 24, 2026, the apex bank said IMTOs have till May 1, 2026, to fully adhere to this directive and others.

It noted that transactions must be “routed strictly through their designated settlement accounts, maintained with Authorised Dealer Banks (ADBs) in Nigeria.”

With this development, diaspora remittances must be paid to beneficiaries in the local currency.

“All transactions arising from international money transfer operations, including disbursements to beneficiaries and any related settlements, must be processed exclusively through the IMTO’s settlement account(s) held with any ADB of their choice.

“IMTOs may use their discretion to designate their existing accounts or open new settlement accounts and may operate accounts with multiple ADBs in line with their business strategy,” the central bank emphasised.

“Settlement accounts shall only be credited with remittance flows and proceeds of foreign exchange conversions by licensed IMTOs (or their agents) with authorised market participants in the Nigerian Foreign Exchange Market (NFEM),” the notice also declared.

It stressed further that, “IMTOs shall ensure that their settlement accounts are properly designated for this purpose and operated in accordance with existing regulatory guidelines. A list of designated settlement accounts shall be advised by each licensed 1MTO to the Director, Trade and Exchange Department, and updated regularly as necessary.”

The CBN said to “support market efficiency and enhance pricing outcomes for 1MTO transactions, ADBs may process foreign currency transfers from 1MTO settlement accounts to other ADBs and approved market participants, including licensed BDCs.”

“IMTOs shall observe real-time market prices from the Bloomberg BMATCH and utilise this as guidance for pricing transactions with their customers and Authorised Dealers.

“This will improve price discovery, reduce information asymmetry between 1MTOs and banks, and encourage increased participation in the official FX market,” the disclosure stated.

Concluding, the apex bank said, “All IMTOs are required to ensure full compliance with this directive and maintain adequate records of related transactions for regulatory review and audit purposes,” reminding them to “maintain acceptable standards and comply with AML/CFT/CPF requirements.”

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