Economy
600m Children Risk Water Shortage by 2040—UNICEF
By Dipo Olowookere
Some 600 million children – or 1 in 4 children worldwide – will be living in areas with extremely limited water resources by 2040, a report by the UNICEF on World Water Day has revealed.
The report, Thirsting for a Future: Water and children in a changing climate, looks at the threats to children’s lives and wellbeing caused by depleted sources of safe water and the ways climate change will intensify these risks in coming years.
“Water is elemental; without it, nothing can grow. But around the world, millions of children lack access to safe water — endangering their lives, undermining their health, and jeopardizing their futures. This crisis will only grow unless we take collective action now,” said UNICEF Executive Director Anthony Lake.
According to the report, 36 countries are currently facing extremely high levels of water stress, which occurs when demand for water far exceeds the renewable supply available. Warmer temperatures, rising sea levels, increased floods, droughts and melting ice affect the quality and availability of water as well as sanitation systems.
Population growth, increased water consumption, and higher demand for water largely due to industrialization and urbanization are draining water resources worldwide. Conflicts in many parts of the world also threaten children’s access to safe water.
All of these factors force children to use unsafe water, which exposes them to potentially deadly diseases like cholera and diarrhoea. Many children in drought-affected areas spend hours every day collecting water, missing out on a chance to go to school. Girls are especially vulnerable to attack during these times.
South Africa too, despite recent rains in many parts of the country, regularly faces water shortages. According to statistics provided by the national Department of Health and UNICEF, unsafe or lack of water supply, sanitation services and hygiene is ranked 11th on the list of risk factors causing death in South Africa. In addition, approximately 11 per cent of South African households still lack adequate sanitation and at least 26 per cent of households within formal areas are equipped with sub-standard sanitation services. Diarrhoeal diseases account for 3.4 per cent of total deaths and are the 8th largest cause of death in South Africa.
Globally, the poorest and most vulnerable children will be most impacted by an increase in water stress, the report says, as millions of them already live in areas with low access to safe water and sanitation.
The report also notes that up to 663 million people globally do not have access to adequate water sources and 946 million people practice open defecation; over 800 children under the age of five die every day from diarrhoea linked to inadequate water, sanitation and hygiene; globally, women and girls spend 200 million hours collecting water every day.
The impact of climate change on water sources is not inevitable, UNICEF says. The report concludes with a series of recommendations that can help curb the impact of climate change on the lives of children.
Such measures include for governments to plan for changes in water availability and demand in the coming years; Above all, it means prioritizing the most vulnerable children’s access to safe water above other water needs to maximize social and health outcomes; climate risks should be integrated into all water and sanitation-related policies and services, and investments should to target high-risk populations; businesses need to work with communities to prevent contamination and depletion of safe water sources; communities themselves should explore ways to diversify water sources and to increase their capacity to store water safely.
“In a changing climate, we must change the way we work to reach those who are most vulnerable. One of the most effective ways we can do that is safeguarding their access to safe water,” Lake said.
By Adedapo Adesanya
The Naira weakened against the US Dollar in the Nigerian Autonomous Foreign Exchange Market (NAFEX) on Thursday, February 5, by N7.78 or 0.57 per cent to N1,366.06/$1 from the N1,358.28/$1 it was traded on Wednesday, according to data from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN).
The Nigerian currency also depreciated against the Euro in the same market segment yesterday by N5.92 to close at N1,611.95/€1 versus the preceding session’s closing price of N1,606.03/€1, but appreciated further against the Pound Sterling by N8.05 to N1,855.38/£1 from the previous day’s value of N1,863.43/£1.
The domestic currency’s exchange rate for international transactions on the GTBank Naira card was further strengthened after an N8 price appreciation on the greenback to settle at N1,375/$1 compared with the N1,383/$1 it was exchanged at midweek, and at the black market, it maintained stability at N1,450/$1.
The loss suffered by the Nigerian Naira in the official market appears to be an isolated event, as Nigeria’s gross external reserves rose to $46.80 billion as of February 4, 2026, from $46.70 billion a day earlier, underscoring improved capacity to meet foreign obligations and support market confidence.
The local currency has been able to find a solid path despite no indications of any intervention from the apex bank in recent week strengthening the case of price discovery.
As for the digital currency market, Bitcoin (BTC) tumbled more than 13 per cent over the past 24 hours, selling at $63,075.23, its steepest one-day decline since the FTX-driven crash in November 2022.
The sell-off extended beyond crypto, with silver plunging 15 per cent and gold sliding more than 2 per cent. US stocks also fell.
The latest downturn comes as investor confidence in crypto’s utility as a store of value, inflation hedge, and digital currency falters.
Ripple (XRP) plunged by 23.4 per cent to $1.15, Dogecoin (DOGE) went down by 14.2 per cent to $0.0879, Cardano (ADA) declined by 13.4 per cent to $0.2459, Binance Coin (BNB) slumped by 13.2 per cent to $606.83, Solana (SOL) dipped by 13.1 per cent to $78.70, Ethereum (ETH) crashed by 13.0 per cent to $1,841.67, and Litecoin (LTC) lost 13.1 per cent to trade at $50.70, while the US Dollar Tether (USDT) and the US Dollar Coin (USDC) were at $1.00 each.
By Adedapo Adesanya
Crude oil was down by almost 3 per cent on Thursday in choppy trading, after the US and Iran agreed to hold talks in Oman on Friday.
Brent crude futures depleted by $1.91 or 2.75 per cent to trade at $67.55 per barrel, and the US West Texas Intermediate (WTI) crude futures slumped by $1.85 or 2.84 per cent to $63.29 per barrel.
The US and Iran are set to hold nuclear talks in Oman today after President Donald Trump warned the country’s supreme leader should be “very worried.”
The high-stakes talks are scheduled to take place on Friday in the Omani capital, Muscat, and will involve Iranian Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi and President Trump’s special envoy, Mr Steve Witkoff.
Tensions between the two countries have escalated sharply in recent weeks following a deadly crackdown by Iranian security forces on nationwide anti-government protesters. The crackdown prompted Trump to send a US military “armada” to the region and threaten to launch strikes.
Now, market analysts noted that the talks are being given the benefit of the doubt, but noted scepticism that any reasonable deal could be made with Iran.
The discussions come as the US builds up forces in the Middle East, and regional players seek to avoid a military confrontation that many fear could escalate into a wider war and impact the Strait of Hormuz.
About a fifth of the world’s total oil consumption passes through the Strait of Hormuz between Oman and Iran. Other OPEC members, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Kuwait and Iraq, export most of their crude via the strait, as does Iran.
Strength in the US Dollar and volatility in precious metals also weighed on commodities and risk sentiment more broadly on Thursday. The greenback getting stronger makes oil expensive for holders of other currencies.
On the supply side, discounts on Russian oil exports to China widened to new records this week as sellers cut prices to attract demand from the world’s top crude importer and offset the likely loss of Indian sales. This week, a trade deal was announced between the US and India, which agreed to halt purchases of Russian crude.
By Adedapo Adesanya
The chief executive of the Nigerian Midstream and Downstream Petroleum Regulatory Authority (NMDPRA), Mr Saidu Mohammed, has revealed that bold economic reforms by President Bola Tinubu’s administration saved the country over N6 trillion on petroleum product imports in just the first nine months of 2025.
Mr Mohammed disclosed this while speaking at the Nigeria International Energy Summit (NIES) in Abuja, said the savings were the result of full downstream deregulation, harmonisation of the forex market, and the trading of crude and petroleum products in Naira.
He added that these bold moves have created stability in the downstream petroleum market, encouraged investment, and ensured a sufficient supply of petroleum products across the country.
The NMDPRA boss also revealed that the nation’s refining capacity is expected to surpass 1 million barrels per stream day (bpsd) in the medium term.
He said the surge in domestic refining capacity is being driven by a combination of new refinery investments, the rehabilitation of existing Nigerian National Petroleum Company (NNPC) Limited refineries, and strategic private-sector participation.
According to him, the planned investments in other refineries, along with issued Licences to Establish (LTEs) for new facilities, will continue to expand Nigeria’s refining footprint, reducing dependence on imported products and stabilising domestic supply.
He said: “For decades, our downstream value chain has been associated with negative sectoral performance indicators such as infrastructural deficit, weak market structures, sub-optimal supply chain efficiency, inadequate investment, poor regulatory compliance, and unacceptable operational safety and environmental indices.
“Today, I am pleased to affirm that this narrative is rapidly changing and that the sector is truly witnessing the early but irreversible signs of a renaissance-type transformation that is driven by bold reform; enabled by investment; and sustained by effective market and operational regulatory enablement.
“In the few years of the operationalisation of the new legal framework of the Oil and Gas sector in Nigeria (PIA 2021), Nigeria’s downstream sector has evolved into a fully liberalised market and is no longer defined by scarcity and supply uncertainty.
Supply stability has consistently ensured sufficiency of all Petroleum products. The pricing structure of the downstream sector is becoming more driven by the fundamentals of the market and generally attaining the stability level required for encouraging investment in this expansive sector of the economy.
“The supply chain landscape of the sector, which depended significantly on import of nearly all Petroleum Products for a long time, is rapidly transforming with growing supply through the nation’s domestic refining capacity, expanding gas-based alternative fuels, improved logistics, and increased private-sector participation.
“At the heart of this transformation stands the Dangote Petroleum Refinery, the largest single-train refinery in the world with an installed capacity of 650,000 barrels per stream day (bpsd), which is currently contributing a significant portion and in some cases 100 per cent of our domestic requirement of Petroleum Products. The optimal operationalisation of the plant’s installed capacity and future upscaling of the plant is undoubtedly needed to fulfil the national aspirations of making Nigeria a regional and continental energy hub.
“The capacity for enhanced domestic supply of Petroleum product in Nigeria will continue to grow as the planned investments in our refinery sector mature. We are optimistic that the issued Licences to Establish (LTEs) refineries, which are being progressed through various levels of completion, coupled with the rehabilitation of the NNPCL refineries, will improve the overall installed refining capacity in Nigeria to well over 1 million bpsd in the medium term.
“The bold economic reforms of President Bola Tinubu have created the renaissance that the downstream sector is enjoying and would continue to leverage upon for sustained sectoral growth in the future. The cumulative impact of the full deregulation of the downstream sector, the harmonisation of the forex market, the incentivization and deepening the use of gas and the trading of crude and product in Naira has reduced the fiscal economic losses of importing Petroleum Product by over N6 trillion in the 1st nine months of 2025.”
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