Economy
CBN’s Forex Supply to BDCs Damaging Economy—Analysts
By Modupe Gbadeyanka
The Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN), as part of its commitment to keep the exchange rate of the Naira and Dollar stable at the foreign exchange (forex) market, started the supply of forex to authorized traders at the market.
The first was to make forex readily available to investors as well as exporters of some essential products and materials and it created the Investors and Exporters (I&E) FX window.
Thereafter, the apex bank started the regular supply of forex to Bureau De Change Operators (BDCs) and since then, the exchange rate at the commercial banks and BDCs has been narrowed, which many had called for in the past.
According to the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the CBN operates up to five different forex market segments and they are the CBN official window rate of N305/$1, a retail/wholesale window rate of N325-330/$1, the I&E window rate of N360/$1, the invisible transactions through BDC and SMEs separate window rate of N360-365/$1, and some government transactions (e.g. FAAC allocations) at a rate closer to N320-325/$1.
But analysts at Investment One believe the supply of forex to BDC operators is doing the nation’s economy more damage than good. In a report last week, it said, “Evidently, the adoption of liberal dollar supply to BDCs has done much harm to the economy.”
In the report titled Multiple Exchange Rates, one of the firm’s analysts opined that, “The multiple exchange rate regime that we operate promotes currency speculation at the expense of real production domestically.
“You would see some traders who would sell dollar at a higher price in a window having accessed it at a cheaper price in another window, taking advantage of price differences in the market.”
It was stated in the report that BDCs may have graduated from merely meeting the retail requirements of travelers to becoming hard-core suppliers of foreign exchange for money laundering and trafficking purposes!
The motivation for money laundering and currency trafficking has taken root from the free access to public sector dollars made available to BDCs by CBN. Here is another report that puts more colour to the picture.
While currency speculation has led to the depreciation in Naira on several occasions, other illegal practices by politically exposed persons have starved the industrial and manufacturing sector of forex for raw materials, machinery and spare parts hence inhibiting potential for economy growth and development, the report disclosed.
Investment One advised the CBN to return to the regime of a single market for forex like Nigeria did in 1987 before it introduced the multiple foreign exchange policy to facilitate non-oil inflows into the Deposit Money Banks and mitigate the depreciation in the local currency.
The investment company noted that, “Our neighboring country, Ghana grows faster, and yes, they operate a flexible market-based exchange rate regime.”
However, it pointed out that, “Of course, no two economies are the same. However, economists have always favoured a single exchange rate system over a multiple exchange regime. Former CBN Governor, Professor Charles Soludo, speaks in support of the above in this write up.”
By Dipo Olowookere
Nigerian stocks shrank by 0.02 per cent as a result of renewed selling pressure, after the consumer goods index crumbled by 0.89 per cent, and the banking space contracted by 0.23 per cent.
Business Post reports that the Nigerian Exchange (NGX) Limited weakened yesterday despite the energy sector closing 1.78 per cent higher, the insurance segment increasing by 0.31 per cent, and the industrial goods counter closing flat.
The All-Share Index (ASI) eased by 44.83 points to 200,913.06 points from 200,957.89 points, and the market capitalisation decreased by N29 billion to N128.969 trillion from N128.998 trillion.
eTranzact lost 10.00 per cent to trade at N20.70, Abbey Mortgage Bank declined by 10.00 per cent to N9.90, Cadbury Nigeria retreated by 10.00 per cent to N63.00, Eterna also fell by 10.00 per cent to N33.75, and DAAR Communications dipped by 9.50 per cent to N1.81.
Conversely, Premier Paints appreciated by 9.97 per cent to N37.50, Zichis gained 9.97 per cent to trade at N13.79, McNichols improved by 9.93 per cent to N7.42, John Holt chalked up 9.86 per cent to close at N18.95, and Trans Nationwide Express went up by 9.75 per cent to N2.59.
On the last day of the week, 595.2 million equities valued at N24.5 billion were transacted in 43,440 deals versus the 678.1 million equities worth N33.1 billion traded in 42,222 deals in the previous session.
This showed an improvement in the number of deals by 2.89 per cent, and a cut in the trading volume and value by 12.22 per cent and 25.98 per cent, respectively.
Wema Bank ended the day as the busiest stock after a turnover of 131.5 million units worth N3.5 billion, Legend Internet traded 41.6 million units valued at N339.2 million, Zichis sold 35.2 million units for N485.6 million, Access Holdings exchanged 29.4 million units worth N764.8 million, and Japaul transacted 21.5 million units valued at N74.6 million.
By Adedapo Adesanya
A loss recorded by market bellwether, Central Securities Clearing System (CSCS) Plc, outweighed the presence of three price gainers, weakening the NASD Over-the-Counter (OTC) Securities Exchange by 0.73 per cent on Friday, March 27.
The Nigerian securities depository firm lost N6.27 during the session to close at N80.10 per share compared with the previous day’s N86.37 per share.
As a result, the market capitalisation shrank by N18.41 billion to N2.512 trillion from the previous session’s N2.531 trillion, and the NASD Unlisted Security Index (NSI) declined by 30.77 points to 4,199.69 points from 4,230.46 points.
The green side of the price movement log showed 11 Plc appreciating by N31.92 to N351.17 per unit from N319.25 per unit, Nigeria Mortgage Refinance Company Plc (NMRC) rose by 55 Kobo to sell at N6.05 per share compared with Thursday’s closing price of N5.50 per share, and IPWA Plc recorded a 50 Kobo growth to end at N5.51per unit, in contrast to the preceding day’s N5.01 per unit.
When the bourse closed for the day, there was a 17,067.5 per cent surge in the voluime of transactions to 58.6 million units from 342,825 units, the value of trades increased by 6,895.4 per cent in the value of securities traded as it closed at N1.6 billion compared to N23.0 million, and the number of deals executed at the session rose 85.2 per cent to 50 deals compared to the preceding session’s 27 deals.
CSCS Plc remained the most active stock by value on a year-to-date basis with 56.2 million units exchanged for N3.8 billion, Infrastructure Guarantee Credit Plc followed with 400 million units valued at N1.2 billion, and Okitipupa Plc came next with 6.5 million units traded at N1.2 billion.
Resourcery Plc closed the trading session as the most traded stock by volume on a year-to-date basis with 1.1 billion units sold for N415.7 million, followed by Infrastructure Credit Plc with 400 million units sold for N1.2 billion, and Geo-Fluids Plc with 133.0 million units at N511.1 million.
By Adedapo Adesanya
The Naira maintained stability against the United States Dollar in the black market segment of the foreign exchange (FX) market on Friday, March 27, data obtained by Business Post showed. It also remained unchanged at the GTBank FX counter at N1,401/$1.
However, it further appreciated in the Nigerian Autonomous Foreign Exchange Market (NAFEX) during the session by N3.30 or 0.2 per cent to N1,380.58/$1 from the previous day’s rate of N1,383.88/$1.
In the same vein, the domestic currency improved its value against the Pound Sterling in the spot market yesterday by N10.77 to trade at N1,836.99/$1 compared with the preceding session’s N1,847.76/£1, and gained N5.06 against the Euro to sell at N1,592.08/€1 versus N1,597.14/€1.
The Naira remains under pressure, but the current range indicates a form of stability as the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) reiterated its promise to anchor reforms around FX rate stability and stronger reserves to support financial markets.
Amid the currency pressures, the apex bank introduced a series of measures aimed at improving liquidity and strengthening the FX market. In a key move, the apex bank removed the cash pooling requirement for International Oil Companies (IOCs), allowing them full access to their repatriated export proceeds from the previous 50 per cent.
However, the country could see less short-term Dollar supply staying in the country and may invite pressure on the Naira if outflows exceed inflows.
The pressure on the currency comes amid a sustained decline in Nigeria’s external reserves, which provide the central bank with the buffer to support the naira. The reserves fell for the ninth consecutive day to $49.48 billion as of March 26, 2026, marking a decline of $540 million, or 1.08 per cent, from $50.02 billion recorded on March 11.
Meanwhile, the cryptocurrency market tumbled on Friday due to a broader sell-off in US equities, which recorded a $17 trillion loss. The Friday plunge fits into a pattern since the war in Iran broke out, with gains on Monday turning into losses by the end of the week.
Ethereum (ETH) depreciated by 3.2 per cent to $2,003.73, Bitcoin (BTC) fell by 3.1 per cent to $66,439.48, Solana (SOL) dropped by 2.9 per cent to $83.44, Cardano (ADA) crashed to $0.2474, Binance Coin (BNB) went down by 2.4 per cent to $613.17, TRON (TRX) dipped 1.5 per cent to $0.3113, Dogecoin (DOGE) declined by 1.4 per cent to $0.0908, and Ripple (XRP) slumped 1.4 per cent to sell at $1.33, while the US Dollar Tether (USDT) and the US Dollar Coin (USDC) closed flat at $1.00 each.
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