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Economy

How Forex Impacts Trade in Nigeria

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Forex Turnover

By Otori Emmanuel

Nigeria’s economy has been in a slump in recent months owing to inflation, interest rates, public debt, and current account deficits. Nigeria’s inflation rate increased to 21.09 per cent in October 2022, up from 15.92 per cent the previous year. The volatile currency exchange rate, however, also has an impact on Nigeria’s economic problems.

The term “Foreign Exchange” or “Forex” refers to a global market where currencies from different countries can be exchanged. The forex markets are often the biggest and most liquid asset markets in the world because of the global nature of commerce, finance and trade. Exchange rate pairs are used to compare currencies to one another and are deemed comparable. Particularly in comparisons to important currencies like the dollar and the pound, the value of the Nigerian naira has declined significantly during the past few years.

The sale of foreign currency to Bureau de Change (BDC) operators was prohibited in 2021, and the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) also stopped approving requests for licenses for Bureau De Changes. This monetary policy by the CBN was intended to bring stability and transparency to the forex market. With the exception of the fact that the supply and demand of forex dictate prices and rarity, this appeared to be a way of reducing illegal subterranean domination of the market.

Why does this matter? An item’s worth is increased by its rarity. In other words, the ban on forex market operators raises the demand for foreign currencies, favouring them over the Naira. The excessive demand for foreign currency drives down the value of the national currency until both domestic goods and services are competitively priced enough to attract international customers.

In foreign markets, a country’s exports are more expensive, and its imports are less expensive when its currency is valued higher. It is reasonable to anticipate that a rising exchange rate will impair a nation’s trade balance.

High Exchange Rates on Trade

A major issue affecting the Nigerian economy and having a threefold impact on businesses has been identified as the unsettling exchange rate. In order to import commodities and raw materials because the naira’s weakening can no longer be controlled, many Nigerians need the dollar.

  • Increased exchange expenses – This is a problem for firms that conduct international trades since they are required to pay exchange fees, such as those associated with clearing products and other customs fees, which drive up the cost of goods and services.
  • Price hikes – Due to the rising cost of supply, several businesses have had to raise their pricing. Nigeria can only produce a limited amount due to a lack of raw materials; hence importation is required to increase output.
  • Subpar productions – Due to Nigeria’s small amount of continuous production and its limited resource base, product quality has severely declined. Every player in the economy, from suppliers to producers to end consumers, is impacted by this chain of deficiencies. Raw materials that are of high quality and are reasonably priced for producers are challenging for suppliers to supply. Producers are forced to raise the prices of commodities to cover the expenses of production.

As a result of these issues, businesses are experiencing poor patronage. Many consumers seek alternatives to high pricing, such as sachetization of things, providing demands on a scale of choice, and reducing quantities. If the CBN reduces onerous forex regulation and price-fixing of the nominal standard rate, demand and supply of dollars could really work to balance the market and trade activities.

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Economy

Champion Breweries Concludes Bullet Brand Portfolio Acquisition

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bullet energy drink champion breweries

By Aduragbemi Omiyale

The acquisition of the Bullet brand portfolio from Sun Mark has been completed by Champion Breweries Plc, a statement from the company confirms.

This marks a transformative milestone in the organisation’s strategic expansion into a diversified, pan-African beverage platform.

With this development, Champion Breweries now owns the Bullet brand assets, trademarks, formulations, and commercial rights globally through an asset carve-out structure.

The assets are held in a newly incorporated entity in the Netherlands, in which Champion Breweries holds a majority interest, while Vinar N.V., the majority shareholder of Sun Mark, retains a minority stake.

Bullet products are currently distributed in 14 African markets, positioning Champion Breweries to scale beyond Nigeria in the high-growth ready-to-drink (RTD) alcoholic and energy drink segments.

This expansion significantly broadens the brewer’s addressable market and strengthens its revenue base with an established, profitable portfolio that already enjoys strong brand recognition and consumer loyalty across multiple markets.

“The successful completion of our public equity raises, together with the formal close of the Bullet acquisition, marks a defining moment for Champion Breweries.

“The support we received from both existing shareholders and new investors reflects strong confidence in our long-term strategy to build a diversified, high-growth beverage platform with pan-African scale.

“Our focus now is on disciplined execution, integration, and delivering sustained value across markets,” the chairman of Champion Breweries, Mr Imo-Abasi Jacob, stated.

Through this transaction, Champion Breweries is expected to achieve enhanced foreign exchange earnings, expanded distribution leverage across African markets, integrated supply chain efficiencies, portfolio diversification into high‑growth consumer beverage categories, and strengthened presence in the RTD and energy drink segments.

The acquisition accelerates Champion Breweries’ transition from a regional brewing business to a multi-category consumer platform with continental reach.

Bullet Black is Nigeria’s leading ready-to-drink alcoholic beverage, while Bullet Blue has built a strong presence in the energy drink category across several African markets.

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Economy

M-KOPA Nigeria Plans Expansion to Edo, Others After N231bn Credit Milestone

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M-Kopa

By Adedapo Adesanya

Emerging market fintech firm, M-KOPA, has announced plans to deepen its reach in Nigeria to the South South and South East regions, starting with Edo this year, after providing N231 billion in credit to over 1 million customers in the country.

The firm released its first Nigeria-focused Impact Report, which showed that Nigeria is M-KOPA’s fastest-growing market and fastest to reach the milestone.

Since its foray into the Nigerian market in 2019, M-KOPA has been working to dismantle barriers to financial inclusion by providing flexible smartphone financing and digital financial tools that align with how people in the informal economy earn and manage their money.

It operates in six states in the country, including Lagos, Ogun, and Oyo, among others.

The report highlights the company’s contribution to income generation, digital inclusion and economic opportunity for Every Day Earners across the country.

The report showed that M-KOPA has enabled 290,000 first-time smartphone users, while 56 per cent of agents accessed their first income opportunity through the platform.

It showed high income and livelihood gains among its users, with about 77 per cent of customers leveraging smartphones or digital loans obtained through the platform to generate income, indicating that access to financed devices is directly supporting micro-entrepreneurial activity and informal sector productivity.

Furthermore, 75 per cent of users report higher earnings since gaining access to M-KOPA’s services, suggesting measurable improvements in personal revenue streams. On the distribution side, 99 per cent of agents disclose increased earnings, reflecting positive spillover effects across the company’s value chain.

In addition, 81 per cent of long-term customers state that their household expenses have improved, pointing to enhanced financial stability and better consumption smoothing over time.

Speaking on the report, Mr Babajide Duroshola, General Manager, M-KOPA Nigeria, said, “Nigeria represents extraordinary potential, and we’re proud that it has become M-KOPA’s fastest-growing market. Our Impact Report shows that when Every Day Earners gain access to the right digital and financial tools, they use them to create stability and long-term progress for their families. This is about access that unlocks opportunity and sustained prosperity.”

On its expansion plans Nigeria-wide, the M-KOPA helmsman said, “Many of the states we are considering are already similar to the ones we are currently in proximity… So, there is proximity and similarity between these states, and that’s what we are going to do, starting with Edo.”

He noted that as M-KOPA Nigeria continues to expand, the focus remains on ensuring more everyday earners gain access to the digital and financial tools they need to build resilient, prosperous futures in Nigeria’s rapidly digitising economy.

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Economy

Tinubu Okays Extension of Ban on Raw Shea Nut Export by One Year

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Raw Shea Nut Export

By Aduragbemi Omiyale

The ban on the export of raw shea nuts from Nigeria has been extended by one year by President Bola Tinubu.

A statement from the Special Adviser to the President on Information and Strategy, Mr Bayo Onanuga, on Wednesday disclosed that the ban is now till February 25, 2027.

It was emphasised that this decision underscores the administration’s commitment to advancing industrial development, strengthening domestic value addition, and supporting the objectives of the Renewed Hope Agenda.

The ban aims to deepen processing capacity within Nigeria, enhance livelihoods in shea-producing communities, and promote the growth of Nigerian exports anchored on value-added products, the statement noted.

To further these objectives, President Tinubu has authorised the two Ministers of the Federal Ministry of Industry, Trade and Investment, and the Presidential Food Security Coordination Unit (PFSCU), to coordinate the implementation of a unified, evidence-based national framework that aligns industrialisation, trade, and investment priorities across the shea nut value chain.

He also approved the adoption of an export framework established by the Nigerian Commodity Exchange (NCX) and the withdrawal of all waivers allowing the direct export of raw shea nuts.

The President directed that any excess supply of raw shea nuts should be exported exclusively through the NCX framework, in accordance with the approved guidelines.

Additionally, he directed the Federal Ministry of Finance to provide access to a dedicated NESS Support Window to enable the Federal Ministry of Industry, Trade and Investment to pilot a Livelihood Finance Mechanism to strengthen production and processing capacity.

Shea nuts, the oil-rich fruits from the shea tree common in the Savanna belt of Nigeria, are the raw material for shea butter, renowned for its moisturising, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. The extracted butter is a principal ingredient in cosmetics for skin and hair, as well as in edible cooking oil. The Federal Government encourages processing shea nuts into butter locally, as butter fetches between 10 and 20 times the price of the raw nuts.

The federal government said it remains committed to policies that promote inclusive growth, local manufacturing and position Nigeria as a competitive participant in global agricultural value chains.

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