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Economy

How Forex Impacts Trade in Nigeria

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Forex Turnover

By Otori Emmanuel

Nigeria’s economy has been in a slump in recent months owing to inflation, interest rates, public debt, and current account deficits. Nigeria’s inflation rate increased to 21.09 per cent in October 2022, up from 15.92 per cent the previous year. The volatile currency exchange rate, however, also has an impact on Nigeria’s economic problems.

The term “Foreign Exchange” or “Forex” refers to a global market where currencies from different countries can be exchanged. The forex markets are often the biggest and most liquid asset markets in the world because of the global nature of commerce, finance and trade. Exchange rate pairs are used to compare currencies to one another and are deemed comparable. Particularly in comparisons to important currencies like the dollar and the pound, the value of the Nigerian naira has declined significantly during the past few years.

The sale of foreign currency to Bureau de Change (BDC) operators was prohibited in 2021, and the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) also stopped approving requests for licenses for Bureau De Changes. This monetary policy by the CBN was intended to bring stability and transparency to the forex market. With the exception of the fact that the supply and demand of forex dictate prices and rarity, this appeared to be a way of reducing illegal subterranean domination of the market.

Why does this matter? An item’s worth is increased by its rarity. In other words, the ban on forex market operators raises the demand for foreign currencies, favouring them over the Naira. The excessive demand for foreign currency drives down the value of the national currency until both domestic goods and services are competitively priced enough to attract international customers.

In foreign markets, a country’s exports are more expensive, and its imports are less expensive when its currency is valued higher. It is reasonable to anticipate that a rising exchange rate will impair a nation’s trade balance.

High Exchange Rates on Trade

A major issue affecting the Nigerian economy and having a threefold impact on businesses has been identified as the unsettling exchange rate. In order to import commodities and raw materials because the naira’s weakening can no longer be controlled, many Nigerians need the dollar.

  • Increased exchange expenses – This is a problem for firms that conduct international trades since they are required to pay exchange fees, such as those associated with clearing products and other customs fees, which drive up the cost of goods and services.
  • Price hikes – Due to the rising cost of supply, several businesses have had to raise their pricing. Nigeria can only produce a limited amount due to a lack of raw materials; hence importation is required to increase output.
  • Subpar productions – Due to Nigeria’s small amount of continuous production and its limited resource base, product quality has severely declined. Every player in the economy, from suppliers to producers to end consumers, is impacted by this chain of deficiencies. Raw materials that are of high quality and are reasonably priced for producers are challenging for suppliers to supply. Producers are forced to raise the prices of commodities to cover the expenses of production.

As a result of these issues, businesses are experiencing poor patronage. Many consumers seek alternatives to high pricing, such as sachetization of things, providing demands on a scale of choice, and reducing quantities. If the CBN reduces onerous forex regulation and price-fixing of the nominal standard rate, demand and supply of dollars could really work to balance the market and trade activities.

Economy

Why Africa’s Investment Market May Look Very Different Soon

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west africa trade hub

Africa’s investment market is entering a phase of visible transition, driven not by a single shock but by the gradual accumulation of structural changes. For years, the continent was often discussed through simplified narratives — either as an untapped frontier or as a high-risk environment requiring exceptional tolerance. That framing is beginning to lose relevance as investors reassess how and where capital actually performs under evolving global conditions.

What is changing first is not the volume of interest, but its direction. Capital is becoming more selective, less patient with inefficiency, and more focused on how investments interact with trade, logistics, and regional demand rather than isolated national stories. This shift is subtle, but it alters the underlying logic of how Africa is evaluated as an investment destination.

In this context, the growing attention around platforms and ecosystems such as westafricatradehub reflects a broader reorientation toward connectivity and execution. Investment discussions increasingly revolve around trade flows, supply chains, and integration mechanisms instead of abstract growth potential. The emphasis is moving from “where growth exists” to “where growth can realistically be accessed.”

Several forces are converging to accelerate this change. Global capital is operating under tighter constraints, with higher financing costs and stronger pressure to demonstrate resilience. At the same time, African markets are becoming more internally differentiated. Some regions benefit from improved infrastructure, digital adoption, and regulatory clarity, while others struggle to convert opportunity into consistent returns. This divergence makes generalized strategies less effective.

As a result, investors are adjusting their approach in practical ways, including:

  • Prioritizing regions with established trade corridors rather than standalone markets
  • Favoring business models tied to everyday demand instead of long-term speculation
  • Structuring investments in stages rather than committing large amounts upfront
  • Placing greater value on operational partners with local execution capacity

These adjustments do not signal reduced confidence, but a more disciplined allocation mindset.

Another factor reshaping the market is the changing perception of risk. Traditional concerns such as political stability and currency volatility remain relevant, but they are now weighed alongside newer considerations. Execution risk, infrastructure reliability, and regulatory consistency often matter more than macroeconomic projections. In some cases, smaller but better-connected markets outperform larger economies where friction remains high.

This evolution also affects which sectors attract attention. Instead of broad category enthusiasm, interest clusters around areas where investment aligns with trade and consumption realities. Logistics, processing, digital services, and trade-enabling infrastructure increasingly define where capital feels comfortable operating. Growth still exists elsewhere, but it is approached more cautiously.

Importantly, this transformation is not uniform or immediate. Africa’s investment market will not change overnight, nor will it move in a single direction. What makes the current moment distinct is the fading dominance of legacy assumptions. Investors are no longer satisfied with potential alone; they want visibility, access, and durability, mentioned the editorial team of https://westafricatradehub.com/.

In the near future, Africa’s investment landscape may look very different not because opportunities disappear, but because the criteria for recognizing them have changed. The market is becoming less about promise and more about precision — and that shift is quietly redefining where growth is expected to emerge next.

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Economy

Naira Appreciates to N1,419/$1 as FX Pressure Eases Across Market Windows

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redesign Naira Notes

By Adedapo Adesanya

The Naira appreciated on the US Dollar on Thursday, January 15 by 76 Kobo or 0.05 per cent in the Nigerian Autonomous Foreign Exchange Market (NAFEX) to N1,419.28/$1 from the N1,420.04/$1 it was traded in the previous session.

The Naira rallied against the Pound Sterling by N17.74 in the official market during the session to N1,893.35/£1 from N1,911.09/£1 and gained N5.56 on the Euro to close at N1,649.92/€1 versus Wednesday’s closing price of N1,655.48/€1.

At the GTBank forex desk, the Nigerian Naira appreciated against the greenback yesterday by N2 to sell at N1,425/$1 compared with the preceding day’s rate of N1,427/$1, and maintained stability against the Dollar in the parallel market at N1,490/$1.

Thursday’s appreciation was supported by relatively improved supply conditions, which helped to moderate demand pressures, across several FX segments.

Market analysts noted that further intervention from policies and supply from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) will continue to keep the FX market afloat while others including stronger external inflows from foreign portfolio investors (FPIs) and improving current account dynamics, will act as pillars.

Nigeria’s headline inflation rate declined to 15.15 per cent in December 2025 after a tweak to the data following the projection of a temporary “artificial spike” in the country’s December 2025 inflation rate.

The artificial spike is as a result of the base effect of December 2024, which is equated to 100, following the rebasing exercise which changed the base year from 2024 from 2009.

Meanwhile, the cryptocurrency market was down after a US Senate committee postponed a key market structure bill, further cooling sentiment after a recent rally.

The US Senate Banking Committee postponed markup on the market structure bill after opposition from parts of the industry.

Litecoin (LTC) declined by 3.5 per cent to $72.03, Cardano (ADA) slumped by 2.4 per cent to $0.3931, Dogecoin (DOGE) weakened by 2.1 per cent to $0.1401, and Ripple (XRP) slipped by 1.1 per cent to $2.07.

Further, Solana (SOL) depreciated by 0.9 per cent to $143.04, Bitcoin (BTC) slipped by 0.6 per cent to $95,624.34,  Binance Coin (BNB) went down by 0.2 per cent to $933.51, and Ethereum (ETH) shrank by 0.1 per cent to $3,310.08, while the US Dollar Tether (USDT) and the US Dollar Coin (USDC) were flat at $1.00 each.

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Economy

Nigerian Stocks Suffer First Loss in 23 Trading Sessions, Down 0.43%

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exposure to Nigerian stocks

By Dipo Olowookere

The upward trajectory seen at the Nigerian Exchange (NGX) Limited in the past sessions was halted on Thursday as a result of profit-taking in Aradel Holdings, MTN Nigeria, GTCO, and others.

Nigerian stocks were down by 0.43 per cent because of the selling pressure. It was the first loss in 2026 and also the first in 23 trading session. The last time Customs Street ended in red was December 10, 2025.

The decision of investors to trim their exposure to equities contracted the All-Share Index (ASI) by 714.66 points during the session to 166,057.29 points from 166,771.95 points and brought down the market capitalisation by N458 billion to N106.323 trillion from N106.781 trillion.

A look at the sectorial performance indicated that the energy, commodity, and insurance indices were down by 2.21 per cent, 1.14 per cent, and 0.24 per cent, respectively, while the banking, consumer goods, and industrial goods sectors were up by 0.78 per cent, 0.33 per cent, and 0.01 per cent apiece.

Yesterday, investor sentiment was weak after the bourse ended with 26 price gainers and 41 price losers, showing a negative market breadth index.

McNichols declined by 9.99 per cent to trade at N6.58, Caverton crashed by 9.47 per cent to N7.65, Ikeja Hotel collapsed by 9.43 per cent to N35.05, FTN Cocoa dropped 9.38 per cent to sell for N7.05, and Neimeth went down by 8.91 per cent to N9.20.

On the flip side, Nestle Nigeria gained 10.00 per cent to quote at N2,153.80, NCR Nigeria appreciated by 9.97 per cent to N116.90, Jaiz Bank improved by 9.92 per cent to N8.20, Morison Industries rose by 9.90 per cent to N5.66, and Mecure Industries grew by 9.84 per cent to N97.70.

During the session, market participants traded 1.0 billion stocks worth N31.6 billion in 51,227 deals compared with the 761.9 million stocks valued at N29.9 billion transacted in 55,751 deals at midweek, representing a drop in the number of deals by 8.12 per cent, and a surge in the trading volume and value by 31.25 per cent, and 5.69 per cent, respectively.

Sovereign Trust Insurance returned on top of the activity chart with 245.2 million units sold for N798.5 million, Access Holdings traded 78.4 million units worth N1.8 billion, Zenith Bank transacted 72.4 million units for N5.0 billion, Jaiz Bank exchanged 53.7 million units valued at N433.9 million, and Lasaco Assurance traded 53.4 million units worth N135.1 million.

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