Economy
Mastering Futures and Options: A Guide to Starting Your Trading Journey
Introduction
Trading in futures and options (F&O) has become a popular way to diversify investments and hedge risks in the financial markets. With the right knowledge and strategy, anyone can start trading and leverage F&O to maximize returns. This guide will walk you through the fundamentals of business with futures and options, how to start trading, and essential strategies for success.
Understanding Futures and Options
What Are Futures?
A futures contract is a financial agreement to buy or sell an asset (stocks, commodities, or indices) at a predetermined price on a future date and to start future and option trading futures and options. Futures are standardized contracts traded on exchanges like NSE (National Stock Exchange) and BSE (Bombay Stock Exchange).
Key Features of Futures Contracts:
- Obligatory Execution: Buyers and sellers must fulfill the contract on the expiry date.
- Margin Trading: Traders only pay a fraction of the total contract value as a margin.
- Leverage: Investors can take large positions with limited capital.
What Are Options?
Options give traders the right (but not the obligation) to buy or sell an asset at a specific price before or on the contract expiry date.
Types of Options:
- Call Options – Gives the right to buy an asset at a fixed price.
- Put Options – Gives the right to sell an asset at a fixed price.
Why Trade Futures and Options?
- Hedging Against Market Risks: Investors use F&O to hedge risks in volatile markets.
- High Leverage: Traders can control large positions with minimal capital.
- Profit in Bull and Bear Markets: Options trading allows earning from both rising and falling markets.
- Portfolio Diversification: F&O trading provides exposure to various asset classes.
How to Start Trading in Futures and Options
1. Open a Trading and Demat Account
To trade in F&O and how to start trading you need a Demat and trading account with a registered stockbroker.
Steps to Open an Account:
- Choose a SEBI-registered stockbroker (e.g., Zerodha, Upstox, Angel Broking).
- Submit KYC documents (PAN, Aadhaar, bank details, income proof).
- Complete account verification and receive login credentials.
2. Understand Market Fundamentals
Before trading, gain knowledge about:
- Stock Market Trends: Track NIFTY, SENSEX, and India VIX to understand volatility.
- Fundamental and Technical Analysis: Learn to analyze financial reports and price charts.
- Option Greeks (Delta, Gamma, Theta, Vega): These help in assessing option price movements.
3. Learn About Margin Requirements
Trading in F&O requires margin money, which varies based on contract size and market conditions. Stockbrokers provide margin calculators to help traders plan their positions.
4. Choose the Right Trading Strategy
Popular Futures Trading Strategies:
- Trend Following Strategy – Buy futures in an uptrend, sell in a downtrend.
- Spread Trading – Buy and sell futures contracts simultaneously to minimize risk.
- Scalping – Profit from small price movements by making multiple trades.
Popular Options Trading Strategies:
- Covered Call Strategy – Holding a stock while selling call options to earn premiums.
- Straddle Strategy – Buying both a call and put option to profit from high volatility.
- Iron Condor Strategy – Combining multiple options contracts to limit risk and enhance returns.
5. Start Trading with a Demo Account
Most stockbrokers provide paper trading accounts where beginners can practice trading without real money. This helps in understanding price movements, placing orders, and managing risk.
6. Monitor and Manage Risks
- Stop-Loss Orders: Protect against significant losses by setting stop-loss levels.
- Position Sizing: Avoid investing all capital in a single trade.
- News & Events: Track financial news, RBI policies, and corporate earnings reports.
Essential Tips for Successful F&O Trading
- Start Small: Begin with a few contracts and increase exposure gradually.
- Stay Updated: Follow market news, economic indicators, and stock trends.
- Avoid Overtrading: Excessive trading can lead to high brokerage fees and losses.
- Maintain a Trading Journal: Keep records of trades to analyze mistakes and improve strategies.
- Use Hedging Techniques: Reduce risk by using protective puts and call options.
Conclusion
Trading in futures and options is a powerful way to maximize investment opportunities and manage risks. By understanding market trends, choosing the right strategies, and practicing risk management, traders can build a profitable trading career. If you’re new to F&O trading, start with a Demat account, practice with demo trades, and gradually scale up as you gain confidence.
With the right approach, trading in futures and options can be a lucrative business venture and a strong financial tool for long-term success.
Economy
CSCS, Geo-Fluids, FrieslandCampina Lift NASD OTC Bourse by 0.62%
By Adedapo Adesanya
Three bellwether stocks lifted the NASD Over-the-Counter (OTC) Securities Exchange by 0.62 per cent on Friday, December 12 with the NASD Unlisted Security Index (NSI) jumping by 22.20 points to 3,600.43 points from 3,578.23 points.
In the same vein, the market capitalisation of the trading platform increased by N13.28 billion to close at N2.154 trillion from the previous day’s N2.140 trillion.
During the session, Central Securities Clearing System (CSCS) Plc went up by N2.53 to close at N39.71 per share compared with the previous day’s N37.18 per share, Geo-Fluids Plc added 35 Kobo to its price to finish at N5.00 per unit versus Thursday’s closing price of N4.65 per unit, and FrieslandCampina Wamco Nigeria Plc appreciated by 23 Kobo appreciation to sell at N60.23 per share versus N60.00 per share.
It was observed that yesterday, the price of Golden Capital Plc went down by N1.05 to N9.45 per unit from N10.50 per unit, and UBN Propertiy Plc declined by 21 Kobo to N2.01 per share from the N2.22 per share it was traded a day earlier.
There was a significant improvement in the level of activity for the day, as the volume of transactions increased by 6.2 per cent to 37.4 million units from the previous day’s 35.2 million units, the value of trades went up by 265.1 per cent to N4.9 billion from N1.4 billion, and the number of deals soared by 13.80 per cent to 33 deals from 29 deals.
Infrastructure Credit Guarantee Company (InfraCredit) Plc ended the last trading day of this week as the most active stock by value on a year-to-date basis with 5.8 billion units valued at N16.4 billion, the second spot was taken by Okitipupa Plc with 178.9 million units traded for N9.5 billion, and third space was occupied by a new comer in MRS Oil Plc with 36.1 million units worth N4.9 billion.
InfraCredit Plc also finished the session as the most active stock by volume on a year-to-date basis with 5.8 billion units transacted for N16.4 billion, followed by Industrial and General Insurance (IGI) Plc with 1.2 billion units valued at N420.3 million, and Impresit Bakolori Plc with 537.0 million units sold for N524.9 million.
Economy
Guinness Nigeria, Others Buoy NGX Index 1.00% Growth
By Dipo Olowookere
The bullish run on the Nigerian Exchange (NGX) Limited continued on Friday with a further 1.00 per cent growth buoyed by gains recorded by Guinness Nigeria, Champion Breweries, and others.
Data showed that the consumer goods space expanded by 1.53 per cent during the last trading session of the week, as the insurance counter grew by 0.51 per cent, and the industrial goods sector marginally gained 0.01 per cent.
However, the banking index depreciated by 0.54 per cent due to a pocket of profit-taking, and the energy industry shrank by 0.09 per cent, while the commodity sector closed flat.
Guinness Nigeria gained 10.00 per cent to trade at N217.80, Morison Industries rose by 9.84 per cent to N4.69, Champion Breweries jumped by 9.69 per cent to N14.15, Austin Laz grew by 9.66 per cent to N2.27, and C&I Leasing appreciated by 9.62 per cent to N5.70.
Conversely, eTranzact lost 10.00 per cent to finish at N12.60, Chellarams slumped by 9.00 per cent to N13.20, Eunisell depleted by 9.89 per cent to N75.15, Africa Prudential moderated by 9.77 per cent to N12.00, and DAAR Communications decreased by 9.18 per cent to 89 Kobo.
The busiest stock on Friday was Access Holdings with 107.6 million units sold for N2.2 billion, Consolidated Hallmark traded 59.9 million units worth N245.8 million, Zenith Bank transacted 48.2 million units valued at N3.1 billion, Transcorp Power transacted 42.8 million units for N13.1 billion, and Champion Breweries exchanged 36.4 million units valued at N510.2 million.
At the close of business, a total of 602.8 million units worth N30.7 billion exchanged hands in 20,550 deals yesterday, in contrast to the 529.7 million units valued at N12.3 billion traded in 18,159 deals on Thursday, representing a surge in the trading volume, value, and number of deals by 13.80 per cent, 149.59 per cent, and 13.17 per cent apiece.
Business Post reports that the All-Share Index (ASI) soared during the session by 1,485.89 points to 149,436.48 points from 147,950.59 points and the market capitalisation moved up by N945 billion to N95.264 trillion from N94.319 trillion.
Economy
Naira Chalks up 0.11% on USD at NAFEM as CBN Defends Market
By Adedapo Adesanya
An intervention of the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) in the foreign exchange (FX) market eased the pressure on the Naira on Friday.
The apex bank sold forex to banks and other authorised dealers in the official window to defend the domestic currency, helping to calm the FX demand pressure, with the Nigerian currency appreciating against the US Dollar in the Nigerian Autonomous Foreign Exchange Market (NAFEM) by 0.11 per cent or N1.57 to sell at N1,454.50/$1 compared with Thursday’s closing price of N1,456.07/$1.
Also, the domestic currency improved its value against the Pound Sterling in the official market yesterday by N3.95 to close at N1,946.15/£1 versus the previous day’s N1,950.11/£1 but lost 10 Kobo on the Euro to quote at N1,706.46/€1 compared with the N1,706.36/€1 it was exchanged a day earlier.
At the black market segment, the Nigerian Naira maintained stability against the Dollar during the session at N1,470/$1 and also traded flat at N1,463/$1 at the GTBank forex counter.
Despite the sigh of relief, demand pressures outweighed the robust supply from the CBN and inflow from offshore players looking to participate at the OMO bills auction.
Gross FX reserves increased for the twenty fifth consecutive week, growing by a strong $396.84 million week-on-week to $45.44 billion.
As for the cryptocurrency market, it was down on Friday as pressure remained after Federal Reserve chair Jerome Powell’s speech on Wednesday, which hinted at a possible rate cut pause in January. As a result, markets now expect only two rate cuts in 2026 instead of three.
However, Chicago Federal Reserve President Austan Goolsbee, who was against a December rate cut, said he expects more in 2026 than the current median projection.
Ethereum (ETH) slumped by 5.1 per cent to $3,090.61, Solana (SOL) declined by 4.5 per cent to $132.79, Cardano (ADA) depreciated by 3.8 per cent to $0.4103, and Dogecoin (DOGE) dropped 2.5 per cent to trade at $0.1373.
In addition, Bitcoin (BTC) lost 2.4 per cent to sell at $90,342.74, Litecoin (LTC) tumbled by 1.9 per cent to $81.86, Binance Coin (BNB) fell by 0.6 per cent to $886.93, and Ripple (XRP) slipped by 0.5 per cent to $2.02, while the US Dollar Tether (USDT) and the US Dollar Coin (USDC) traded flat at $1.00 each.
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