Economy
Mastering Futures and Options: A Guide to Starting Your Trading Journey
Introduction
Trading in futures and options (F&O) has become a popular way to diversify investments and hedge risks in the financial markets. With the right knowledge and strategy, anyone can start trading and leverage F&O to maximize returns. This guide will walk you through the fundamentals of business with futures and options, how to start trading, and essential strategies for success.
Understanding Futures and Options
What Are Futures?
A futures contract is a financial agreement to buy or sell an asset (stocks, commodities, or indices) at a predetermined price on a future date and to start future and option trading futures and options. Futures are standardized contracts traded on exchanges like NSE (National Stock Exchange) and BSE (Bombay Stock Exchange).
Key Features of Futures Contracts:
- Obligatory Execution: Buyers and sellers must fulfill the contract on the expiry date.
- Margin Trading: Traders only pay a fraction of the total contract value as a margin.
- Leverage: Investors can take large positions with limited capital.
What Are Options?
Options give traders the right (but not the obligation) to buy or sell an asset at a specific price before or on the contract expiry date.
Types of Options:
- Call Options – Gives the right to buy an asset at a fixed price.
- Put Options – Gives the right to sell an asset at a fixed price.
Why Trade Futures and Options?
- Hedging Against Market Risks: Investors use F&O to hedge risks in volatile markets.
- High Leverage: Traders can control large positions with minimal capital.
- Profit in Bull and Bear Markets: Options trading allows earning from both rising and falling markets.
- Portfolio Diversification: F&O trading provides exposure to various asset classes.
How to Start Trading in Futures and Options
1. Open a Trading and Demat Account
To trade in F&O and how to start trading you need a Demat and trading account with a registered stockbroker.
Steps to Open an Account:
- Choose a SEBI-registered stockbroker (e.g., Zerodha, Upstox, Angel Broking).
- Submit KYC documents (PAN, Aadhaar, bank details, income proof).
- Complete account verification and receive login credentials.
2. Understand Market Fundamentals
Before trading, gain knowledge about:
- Stock Market Trends: Track nifty 50, sensex today, and India vix to understand volatility.
- Fundamental and Technical Analysis: Learn to analyze financial reports and price charts.
- Option Greeks (Delta, Gamma, Theta, Vega): These help in assessing option price movements.
3. Learn About Margin Requirements
Trading in F&O requires margin money, which varies based on contract size and market conditions. Stockbrokers provide margin calculators to help traders plan their positions.
4. Choose the Right Trading Strategy
Popular Futures Trading Strategies:
- Trend Following Strategy – Buy futures in an uptrend, sell in a downtrend.
- Spread Trading – Buy and sell futures contracts simultaneously to minimize risk.
- Scalping – Profit from small price movements by making multiple trades.
Popular Options Trading Strategies:
- Covered Call Strategy – Holding a stock while selling call options to earn premiums.
- Straddle Strategy – Buying both a call and put option to profit from high volatility.
- Iron Condor Strategy – Combining multiple options contracts to limit risk and enhance returns.
5. Start Trading with a Demo Account
Most stockbrokers provide paper trading accounts where beginners can practice trading without real money. This helps in understanding price movements, placing orders, and managing risk.
6. Monitor and Manage Risks
- Stop-Loss Orders: Protect against significant losses by setting stop-loss levels.
- Position Sizing: Avoid investing all capital in a single trade.
- News & Events: Track financial news, RBI policies, and corporate earnings reports.
Essential Tips for Successful F&O Trading
- Start Small: Begin with a few contracts and increase exposure gradually.
- Stay Updated: Follow market news, economic indicators, and stock trends.
- Avoid Overtrading: Excessive trading can lead to high brokerage fees and losses.
- Maintain a Trading Journal: Keep records of trades to analyze mistakes and improve strategies.
- Use Hedging Techniques: Reduce risk by using protective puts and call options.
Conclusion
Trading in futures and options is a powerful way to maximize investment opportunities and manage risks. By understanding market trends, choosing the right strategies, and practicing risk management, traders can build a profitable trading career. If you’re new to F&O trading, start with a Demat account, practice with demo trades, and gradually scale up as you gain confidence.
With the right approach, trading in futures and options can be a lucrative business venture and a strong financial tool for long-term success.
Economy
ACCI Urges Policy Consistency, MSMEs Protection in 2026
By Adedapo Adesanya
The Abuja Chamber of Commerce and Industry (ACCI) has called for policy consistency, the protection of Micro Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), and private sector-led growth to strengthen Nigeria’s economy in 2026.
The President of the chamber, Mr Emeka Obegolu, made the call in a New Year message issued by the ACCI Media and Strategy Officer, Mrs Olayemi John-Mensah, on Thursday in Abuja.
He submitted that consistent policies and private-sector-friendly reforms were critical to reducing the cost of doing business and achieving sustainable economic development, stressing the need for strong protection of MSMEs, describing them as the backbone of the Nigerian economy.
According to him, sustained stakeholder engagement and predictable reforms would encourage investment and business expansion.
The ACCI president said the organised private sector remained cautiously optimistic about business opportunities in 2026, noting that the optimism persisted in spite global and domestic economic pressures affecting businesses.
He commended Nigerian businesses for their resilience and adaptability in navigating the economic challenges of 2025, adding that businesses demonstrated commitment to innovation and value creation despite inflation and foreign exchange volatility.
Mr Obegolu also cited high energy costs, rising interest rates and limited access to finance as key constraints faced by enterprises.
According to him, these challenges underscored the importance of chambers of commerce in advocating stability and competitiveness.
He said economic reforms were necessary but should be carefully sequenced to safeguard MSMEs and organised businesses.
Mr Obegolu warned that poorly managed reforms could result in business closures, job losses and capital flight.
He drew attention to over N720 billion in outstanding contractor debts owed by government.
He said delayed settlement of verified obligations had weakened cash flows and disrupted supply chains.
According to him, the situation had particularly affected indigenous contractors and MSMEs nationwide.
He urged government to prioritise transparent verification and timely settlement of the debts to stimulate economic activity.
Mr Obegolu also called on the Federal Government and the FCT Administration to create a more enabling and predictable business environment.
He noted that Abuja had evolved into a major commercial and investment hub requiring stronger infrastructure and regulatory support.
He reaffirmed ACCI’s commitment to constructive engagement with government to promote ease of doing business and inclusive economic growth.
Economy
AfCFTA: FG to Identify One Exportable Product from Each of 774 Local Councils
By Adedapo Adesanya
The Minister of Industry, Trade and Investment, Mrs Jumoke Oduwole, has said the federal government would deepen its participation in the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) in 2026 by working with state governors to identify at least one exportable product in each of the country’s 774 local governments.
The move gears towards scaling production, boosting non-oil exports, and strengthening competitiveness across Africa.
She made this disclosure while speaking on Nigeria’s AfCFTA Achievements Report 2025 under the Federal Ministry of Industry, Trade and Investment.
The Minister noted that Nigeria’s AfCFTA Agenda in 2026 will be building on implementation milestones recorded in 2025.
According to her, the plan aims at positioning the country to better exploit opportunities under the continent-wide trade pact.
Operationalised through the AfCFTA Central Coordination Committee (CCC), the Ministry will collaborate with development partners across public and private sector institutions to mobilise production nationwide, while also undertaking an awareness and sensitisation campaign.
“FMITI will work with the Nigerian Governors’ Forum and State Governments to identify a minimum of one (1) product that each Local Government Area can export into the AfCFTA market,” the report stated.
Beyond local production, the 2026 agenda places a strong emphasis on creating an enabling policy and regulatory environment to support the full implementation of the AfCFTA Agreement and its protocols, with the Ministry of Industry, Trade, and Investment leading the regulatory alignment efforts.
In addition, Nigeria plans to upgrade trade data systems to effectively track AfCFTA trade flows, including disaggregated data on goods, services, and participation by women and youth, while expanding global advocacy and hosting key continental trade events ahead of the Intra-African Trade Fair in 2027.
The report also outlines plans to demystify AfCFTA rules and compliance requirements through a series of targeted publications for businesses, alongside measures to strengthen institutional coordination and improve accountability among public sector agencies involved in trade facilitation.
On investment and industrial capacity, the document notes that: “Investment mobilisation efforts with foreign and domestic investors will prioritise the exponential increase of productive capacity in key sectors, to position Nigeria as the innovation, production and distribution hub of the AfCFTA market.”
Economy
NNPC Plans New Oil Fields Development, to Raise $30bn by 2030
By Adedapo Adesanya
The Nigerian National Petroleum Company (NNPC) Limited plans to develop new oil fields from next year and seeks to raise at least $30 billion by the end of the decade.
According to Bloomberg, this was disclosed by senior officials familiar with the plans in the country which is Africa’s largest oil producing nation.
The state-owned oil firm is raising the money as part of efforts to reverse years of underinvestment that have left several discoveries undeveloped, the people said, without disclosing the new fields being targeted.
The publication revealed that the NNPC expects significant investment decisions to come through next year, according to the people who declined to be identified because the talks involve confidential commercial matters.
The sources also said the NNPC is also reviewing its portfolio and plans to sell non-performing fields, adding that the firm will likely meet more than half of its fundraising target.
The energy company plans to develop some of the fields in-house and is expected to call for bids early next year, the people said.
NNPC also plans to boost oil output by 5 per cent to 1.8 million barrels per day next year compared with 2025 and is targeting 4 million barrels of daily output by 2030.
It also targets the completion of the $2.8 billion Ajaokuta-Kaduna-Kano (AKK) pipeline, connecting various segments to the main line from early next year, one of the people said.
Once ready, the pipeline will deliver gas at scale to parts of northern Nigeria including the capital of Abuja, supplying industrial parks, fertilizer plants and power-generation facilities.
Recall that the chief executive of the NNPC, Mr Bashir Ojulari, recently said the country would begin to export gas from the $2.8 billion Ajaokuta-Kaduna-Kano (AKK) pipeline from early 2026.
First conceived in 2008, the AKK pipeline is central to Nigeria’s ambition to leverage its vast gas reserves for economic growth. Its completion could transform the north, where chronic power shortages and a lack of energy infrastructure have stifled manufacturing for decades.
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