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Economy

Navigating the Winds of Change: Crypto Trading in Nigeria Faces New Tax Realities

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In the dynamic landscape of Nigeria’s economy, crypto trading has emerged as both a refuge and a challenge amid currency devaluation and economic uncertainties. According to a recent report by New York-based blockchain research firm Chainalysis, Nigeria’s crypto transactions witnessed a substantial 9% year-over-year growth, reaching an impressive $56.7 billion between July 2022 and June 2023. This surge can be attributed to a growing number of Nigerians beginning to trade crypto like bitcoin and stablecoins, particularly during periods of extreme drops in the value of the naira.

From Ban to Tax: The Unpredictable Trajectory

The crypto boom in Nigeria gained momentum as citizens sought alternatives to hedge against the devaluation of the national currency, exacerbated by bold economic reforms implemented by President Bola Tinubu. Notably, the scrapping of a costly petrol subsidy and the removal of certain exchange rate restrictions contributed to the weakening of the naira.

In response to these economic challenges, Nigeria’s young and tech-savvy population turned to cryptocurrencies, leveraging peer-to-peer trading options offered by crypto exchanges to navigate around the 2021 ban on crypto transactions imposed by the country’s banks and financial institutions.

However, as the crypto market flourished, the government took an unexpected turn in 2023. In a surprising move, the Buhari-led government introduced a new law to tax gains on digital assets, including cryptocurrencies. This shift marked a departure from the 2021 ban and showcased the government’s willingness to explore crypto taxation as a potential revenue source.

The crypto tax, embedded in a series of amendments to the 2022 Finance Act, imposes a 10% tax on profits from digital assets. This involves not solely cryptocurrencies but also non-fungible tokens and other tokenized assets, as elucidated by Adewale Ajayi, a partner at KPMG. The implementation of this tax, nevertheless, surprised numerous individuals in the crypto community, instigating discussions on the absence of a well-defined policy framework and stakeholder participation in the decision-making process.

Challenges and Debates: Navigating the Road Ahead

Obinna Iwuno, the president of the Stakeholders in Blockchain Technology Association of Nigeria (SiBAN), expressed bewilderment at the sudden imposition of a tax without a comprehensive policy framework. He highlighted the necessity for cooperation between the government and stakeholders in the cryptocurrency realm to guarantee impartial and well-informed decision-making.

Opponents contend that, although levying taxes on cryptocurrency is not inherently erroneous, excessive taxation could impede the development of an industry that is still in its early stages. Davizoe Effiong, CEO of BEI Consultancy, warned against the potential negative impact on crypto adoption, suggesting that capping the tax profit at 5% could strike a balance between revenue generation for the government and sustaining the growth of the crypto ecosystem.

One key challenge highlighted by crypto traders, such as Wale, is the need for the government to formalize and legitimize the crypto industry. To effectively implement the tax, there must be collaboration with international exchanges and the licensing of crypto traders. The government’s recent directive to Binance Nigeria Limited to cease soliciting Nigerian investors is indicative of its efforts to regulate and control the crypto space.

The crypto community awaits the release of guidelines from Nigeria’s tax authority, the Federal Inland Revenue Service (FIRS), in collaboration with the Joint Tax Board. As the regulatory landscape evolves, questions loom over the enforcement of the tax and its potential impact on the promises made by President Bola Tinubu’s administration, which expressed a bullish stance on crypto and blockchain technology.

Conclusion

In summary, the trajectory of cryptocurrency trading in Nigeria mirrors an intricate interaction among economic circumstances, governmental directives and the ambitions of a technology-savvy populace. While the country contends with the imperative for fresh income streams, the cryptocurrency sector stands at a juncture, weighing the prospective advantages of taxation against the hazard of impeding its advancement. The coming months will reveal how Nigeria navigates these challenges and whether the crypto tax becomes a catalyst for industry maturation or a hurdle to widespread adoption.

Economy

PENGASSAN Kicks Against Full Privatisation of Refineries

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By Adedapo Adesanya

The Petroleum and Natural Gas Senior Staff Association of Nigeria (PENGASSAN) has warned against the full privatisation of the country’s government-owned refineries.

Recall that the Nigerian National Petroleum Company (NNPC) is putting in place mechanisms to sell the moribund refineries in Port Harcourt, Warri, and Kaduna.

However, this has met fresh resistance, with the President of PENGASSAN, Mr Festus Osifo, saying selling a 100 per cent stake would mean the government losing total control of the refineries, a situation he warned would be detrimental to Nigeria’s energy security.

Mr Osifo said the union was advocating the sale of about 51 per cent of the government’s stake while retaining 49 per cent, which he described as being more beneficial to Nigerians.

“PENGASSAN, even before the time of Comrade Peter Esele, had been advocating that government should sell its shares. The reason why we don’t want government to sell it 100 per cent to private investors is because of the issue bordering on energy security,” he said on Channels Television, late on Sunday.

“So, what we have advocated is what I have said earlier. If government sells 51 per cent stake in the refinery, what is going to happen? They will lose control, so that is actually selling. But for the benefit of Nigerians, retain 49 per cent of it.“

The PENGASSAN leader maintained that if the government had heeded the union’s advice in the past, the oil industry would be in a better state than it is today.

He addressed  concerns in some quarters over whether investors would be willing to buy stakes in government-owned refineries, insisting that there are investors who would be interested.

“Yes, there are investors who surely will be willing to buy a stake in the refinery because our population in Nigeria is quite huge, and those refineries, when well maintained without political pressures and political interference, will work,” he said.

However, Mr Osifo warned that even if the government decides to sell a 51 per cent stake, it must ensure that a complete valuation is carried out to avoid selling the refineries cheaply.

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Economy

SEC Gives Capital Market Operators Deadline to Renew Registration

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Capital Market Institute

By Aduragbemi Omiyale

Capital market operators have been given a deadline by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) for the renewal of their registration.

A statement from the regulator said CMOs have till Saturday, January 31, 2026, to renew their registration, and to make the process seamless, an electronic receipt and processing of applications would commence in the first quarter of 2026.

“These initiatives reflect our commitment to leveraging technology for faster, more transparent, and efficient regulatory processes.

“The commission is taking deliberate steps to make regulatory processes faster, more transparent, and technology-driven. We are investing in automation, database-supervision, and secure infrastructure to improve how we interact with the market,” the Director General of SEC, Mr Emomotimi Agama, was quoted as saying in the statement during an interview in Abuja over the weekend.

He noted that through the digital transformation portal, the organisation has automated registration and licensing end-to-end as operators can now submit applications, upload documents, and track approvals online, cutting down manual processing time and reducing the need for physical visits.

According to him, the agency has also rolled out the Commercial Paper issuance module, which allows operators to file documents, monitor progress, and receive approvals electronically while feedback from early users shows a clear improvement in turnaround time.

“Work is ongoing to automate quarterly and annual returns submissions, with structured templates and system checks to ensure accuracy. A returns analytics dashboard is also in development to support risk based supervision and exception reporting.

“To back these changes, we have started upgrading our IT infrastructure, servers, storage, networks, and security layers, to boost speed and reliability.

“Selective cloud migration is underway for platforms that need scalability and external access, while core internal systems remain on premisev5p for now as we assess security and cost implications.

“At the same time, we are strengthening data integrity and cybersecurity with vulnerability assessments and planned penetration testing once automation and migration phases are stable.

“These efforts show our commitment to building a modern, resilient regulatory environment that supports efficiency, investor confidence, and market stability,” he stated.

Mr Agama affirmed that the nation’s capital market was clearly on a path toward digital transformation adding that there is an urgent need for regulatory clarity on advanced technologies, targeted support for smaller firms, and capacity-building initiatives.

“A phased and proportionate approach to regulating emerging technologies such as AI is essential, complemented by internal readiness through supervisory technology tools.

“Furthermore, investor education, particularly among younger demographics, will be critical to future-proof participation and drive fintech adoption.

“Innovation is vital, but it must be accompanied by responsibility. As operators embrace automation, artificial intelligence, and data-driven tools, they bear a duty to ensure ethical, secure, and compliant deployment. Safeguarding investor data, preventing market abuse, and maintaining operational resilience are non-negotiable,” he declared.

The SEC DG said that ultimately, responsible technology adoption is about building trust, the cornerstone of our markets saying that trust thrives on fairness, transparency, accountability, and regulatory compliance.

He, therefore, urged operators to uphold these principles adding that it will not only protect investors and systemic stability but also strengthen the long-term credibility and competitiveness of the Nigerian capital market.

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Economy

No Discrepancies in Harmonised, Gazetted Tax Laws—Oyedele

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Taiwo Oyedele

By Adedapo Adesanya

The Chairman of the Presidential Fiscal Policy and Tax Reforms Committee, Mr Taiwo Oyedele, has said there are no discrepancies in the tax laws passed by the National Assembly and the gazetted versions made available to the public.

Last week, a member of the House of Representatives, Mr Abdussamad Dasuki, raised worries about the differences between its version and that gazetted by the presidency.

However, speaking on Channels Television’s Morning Brief on Monday, Mr Oyedele claimed what has been circulating in the media was fake.

“Before you can say there is a difference between what was gazetted and what was passed, we have what has not been gazetted. We don’t have what was passed,” he said.

“The official harmonised bills certified by the clerk, which the National Assembly sent to the President, we don’t have a copy to compare. Only the lawmakers can say authoritatively what we sent.

“It should be the House of Representatives or Senate version. It should be the harmonised version certified by the clerk. Even me, I cannot say that I have it. I only have what was presented to Mr President to sign.”

Mr Oyedele stated that he reached out to the House of Representatives Committee regarding a particular Section 41 (8), which states, “You have to pay a deposit of 20 per cent.”

He noted that the response given by the committee was that its members had not met on the issue.

“I know that particular provision is not in the final gazette, but it was in the draft gazette. Some people decided that they should write the report of the committee before the committee had met, and it had circulated everywhere.

“What is out there in the media did not come from the committee set up by the House of Representatives. I think we should allow them do the investigation,” Mr Oyedele added.

In June, President Bola Tinubu signed the four tax reform bills into law, marking what the government has described as the most significant overhaul of the country’s tax system in decades.

The tax reform laws, which faced stiff opposition from federal lawmakers from the northern part of the country before their passage, are scheduled to take effect on January 1, 2026.

The laws include the Nigeria Tax Act, the Nigeria Tax Administration Act, the Nigeria Revenue Service (Establishment) Act, and the Joint Revenue Board (Establishment) Act, all operating under a single authority, the Nigeria Revenue Service.

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