Economy
Navigating the Winds of Change: Crypto Trading in Nigeria Faces New Tax Realities
In the dynamic landscape of Nigeria’s economy, crypto trading has emerged as both a refuge and a challenge amid currency devaluation and economic uncertainties. According to a recent report by New York-based blockchain research firm Chainalysis, Nigeria’s crypto transactions witnessed a substantial 9% year-over-year growth, reaching an impressive $56.7 billion between July 2022 and June 2023. This surge can be attributed to a growing number of Nigerians beginning to trade crypto like bitcoin and stablecoins, particularly during periods of extreme drops in the value of the naira.
From Ban to Tax: The Unpredictable Trajectory
The crypto boom in Nigeria gained momentum as citizens sought alternatives to hedge against the devaluation of the national currency, exacerbated by bold economic reforms implemented by President Bola Tinubu. Notably, the scrapping of a costly petrol subsidy and the removal of certain exchange rate restrictions contributed to the weakening of the naira.
In response to these economic challenges, Nigeria’s young and tech-savvy population turned to cryptocurrencies, leveraging peer-to-peer trading options offered by crypto exchanges to navigate around the 2021 ban on crypto transactions imposed by the country’s banks and financial institutions.
However, as the crypto market flourished, the government took an unexpected turn in 2023. In a surprising move, the Buhari-led government introduced a new law to tax gains on digital assets, including cryptocurrencies. This shift marked a departure from the 2021 ban and showcased the government’s willingness to explore crypto taxation as a potential revenue source.
The crypto tax, embedded in a series of amendments to the 2022 Finance Act, imposes a 10% tax on profits from digital assets. This involves not solely cryptocurrencies but also non-fungible tokens and other tokenized assets, as elucidated by Adewale Ajayi, a partner at KPMG. The implementation of this tax, nevertheless, surprised numerous individuals in the crypto community, instigating discussions on the absence of a well-defined policy framework and stakeholder participation in the decision-making process.
Challenges and Debates: Navigating the Road Ahead
Obinna Iwuno, the president of the Stakeholders in Blockchain Technology Association of Nigeria (SiBAN), expressed bewilderment at the sudden imposition of a tax without a comprehensive policy framework. He highlighted the necessity for cooperation between the government and stakeholders in the cryptocurrency realm to guarantee impartial and well-informed decision-making.
Opponents contend that, although levying taxes on cryptocurrency is not inherently erroneous, excessive taxation could impede the development of an industry that is still in its early stages. Davizoe Effiong, CEO of BEI Consultancy, warned against the potential negative impact on crypto adoption, suggesting that capping the tax profit at 5% could strike a balance between revenue generation for the government and sustaining the growth of the crypto ecosystem.
One key challenge highlighted by crypto traders, such as Wale, is the need for the government to formalize and legitimize the crypto industry. To effectively implement the tax, there must be collaboration with international exchanges and the licensing of crypto traders. The government’s recent directive to Binance Nigeria Limited to cease soliciting Nigerian investors is indicative of its efforts to regulate and control the crypto space.
The crypto community awaits the release of guidelines from Nigeria’s tax authority, the Federal Inland Revenue Service (FIRS), in collaboration with the Joint Tax Board. As the regulatory landscape evolves, questions loom over the enforcement of the tax and its potential impact on the promises made by President Bola Tinubu’s administration, which expressed a bullish stance on crypto and blockchain technology.
Conclusion
In summary, the trajectory of cryptocurrency trading in Nigeria mirrors an intricate interaction among economic circumstances, governmental directives and the ambitions of a technology-savvy populace. While the country contends with the imperative for fresh income streams, the cryptocurrency sector stands at a juncture, weighing the prospective advantages of taxation against the hazard of impeding its advancement. The coming months will reveal how Nigeria navigates these challenges and whether the crypto tax becomes a catalyst for industry maturation or a hurdle to widespread adoption.
By Adedapo Adesanya
The Nigerian government is planning to offer tax incentives to firms investing in key sectors such as agriculture and energy to boost projected growth.
This is part of a new scheme known as the Economic Development Incentive (EDI), which will address long-standing inefficiencies in the current Pioneer Status Incentive (PSI).
The proposed investment-driven incentive framework is designed to stimulate real economic activity by tying tax relief directly to verifiable investments and part of the country’s ongoing tax reform efforts.
The Chairman of the Presidential Committee on Fiscal Policy and Tax Reforms, Mr Taiwo Oyedele, disclosed this in a keynote address at BusinessDay’s Policy Intervention Series held on Tuesday, April 22 in Lagos.
He said a review of the PSI revealed structural flaws that have undermined its effectiveness.
“Once granted a pioneer status, companies may import goods classified as pioneer products tax-free, effectively allowing them to operate without tax obligations—even with minimal value addition to the economy,” he said.
The incentives will mainly be in the form of a multiyear tax credit that companies can use to reduce what they owe the government, Mr Oyedele further explained.
He said investments in sectors including agriculture, energy and manufacturing will enjoy the tax credit based on a prescribed minimum amount of investment for a period ranging from 10 to 20 years.
Mr Oyedele also reiterated that the country has initiated reforms to boost tax revenue as a share of gross domestic product to 18 per cent by 2027 from 13.6 per cent in 2024, adding these proposals seek to drive growth in priority sectors of the economy.
Also, investors in utility projects like power, waterways and ports will have to invest at least N200 billion to qualify for the tax credit.
He explained that if a company invests N10 billion in Year 1, it earns a N500 million tax credit each year for five years and if an additional N5 billion is invested in Year 2, that new investment begins its own five-year 5 per cent cycle—N250 million annually until Year 6 and if the company continues investing progressively, each round of investment starts a new five-year cycle of tax credits, potentially extending the benefit period up to 10 years.
The tax maven further stated that if a business has a N15 million tax liability in a given year and applies N25 million in tax credits, its liability is wiped out entirely, with the N10 million balance rolled over to subsequent years and that if a company fails to follow through on its investment plan or halts capital deployment, unused credits are forfeited and this accountability mechanism ensures that only consistent and credible investments are rewarded.
By Adedapo Adesanya
The NASD Over-the-Counter (OTC) Securities Exchange slid by 0.35 per cent on Tuesday, April 22 after the return from the Easter break, with the market capitalisation falling by N6.79 billion to N1.917 trillion from the N1.924 trillion recorded last Thursday, and the NASD Unlisted Security Index (NSI) declining by 11.60 points to 3,274.78 points from the previous session’s 3,286.38 points.
Yesterday, the share price of Central Securities Clearing System (CSCS) Plc went down by 60 Kobo to close at N21.50 per unit versus the preceding session’s N22.10 per unit and Geo-Fluids Plc lost 18 Kobo to end at N1.62 per share, in contrast to last Thursday’s N1.80 per share.
On the flip side, the price of FrieslandCampina Wamco Nigeria Plc appreciated by 16 Kobo to quote at N37.80 per unit versus the previous trading day’s N37.64 per unit.
During the session, there was a 40.5 per cent increase in the volume of securities transacted to 174,634 units from the 124,266 units traded in the previous trading day, but the value of transactions slumped by 43.9 per cent to N2.86 million from N5.1 million, and the number of deals dropped by 48.4 per cent to 16 deals from 31 deals.
At the close of business, Impresit Bakolori Plc remained the most active stock by volume on a year-to-date basis with a turnover of 533.9 million units worth N520.9 million, followed by Okitipupa Plc with the sale of 153.6 million units for N4.9 billion, and Industrial and General Insurance (IGI) Plc with 71.2 million units valued at N24.2 million.
Also, Okitipupa Plc remained the most valued stock on a year-to-date with the sale of 153.6 million valued at N4.9 billion, trailed by FrieslandCampina Wamco Nigeria Plc with a turnover of 14.8 million units worth N572.0 million and Impresit Bakolori Plc with a turnover of 533.9 million units sold for N520.9 million.
By Adedapo Adesanya
It was a bad day for the Naira on Tuesday, April 22 as its value plummeted against the United States Dollar by N3.23 or 0.2 per cent at the Nigerian Autonomous Foreign Exchange Market (NAFEM).
It was the first trading session in the official market after the long Easter Break which started last Friday.
The Nigerian Naira was exchanged with the greenback yesterday at N1,603.16/$1, in contrast to the preceding trading day’s rate of N1,599.93/$1.
However, the local currency closed flat against the Pound Sterling and the Euro in the spot market at N2,120.24/£1 and N1,817.69/€1, respectively.
At the parallel market, the Naira appreciated against the US Dollar during the session by N10 to sell for N1,610/$1 compared with the previous trading session’s N1,620/$1.
In the cryptocurrency market, most of the tokens improved on Tuesday, buoyed by renewed investor optimism and fresh hopes of an ease in US-China trade tensions.
Earlier on Tuesday, remarks from US Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent, who reportedly told investors at a closed-door JPMorgan event that the tariff standoff with China was unsustainable.
Mr Bessent said de-escalation would come “in the very near future,” characterizing current conditions as a “trade embargo.” However, he cautioned that a more comprehensive deal between the two nations could take even years.
Then President Donald Trump, speaking to reporters in the White House later, said that US tariffs on China “will come down substantially” from the current 145 per cent level, allaying concerns of a spiraling trade war.
Ethereum (ETH) jumped by 10.6 per cent to $1,784.93, Dogecoin (DOGE) appreciated by 10.3 per cent to $0.1812, Cardano (ADA) added 9.9 per cent to trade at $0.6971, and Solana (SOL) gained 7.9 per cent to close at $151.25.
Further, Ripple (XRP) grew by 7.5 per cent to $2.25, Bitcoin (BTC) expanded by 6.2 per cent to $93,822.95, Litecoin (LTC) increased by 5.8 per cent to $84.22, and Binance Coin (BNB) went up by 2.3 per cent to $617.20, while the US Dollar Tether (USDT) and the US Dollar Coin (USDC) sold flat at $1.00 each.
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