Economy
Nigeria’s Imports Jump 80.7% to $56bn in Six Years—WTO
By Adedapo Adesanya
Nigeria’s import levels increased by 80.7 per cent in six years, rising from $31 billion in 2017 to $56 billion in 2023, according to the latest World Trade Organization (WTO) Trade Policy Review.
This rise, according to the report, was primarily fueled by refined petroleum, which made up 38.3 per cent of the total imports.
The WTO noted that the Nigerian government’s trade and economic policies lacked consistency in the past, affecting the achievement of ambitious government goals.
The report added that some of Nigeria’s restrictive and interventionist policies seemed to counteract broader government strategies to support economic diversification and the integration of more productive manufacturing enterprises into global value chains.
The sixth Trade Policy Review of Nigeria, based on reports by the WTO Secretariat and the Government of Nigeria, emphasises the critical role of trade in Nigeria’s economic development strategy.
According to the WTO, Nigeria, with a nominal GDP of $363 billion, remains one of Africa’s largest economies, largely due to its oil and gas exports, which continue to dominate its portfolio.
“Crude oil alone accounted for 80.6 per cent of goods exports, while gas made up 10.5 per cent. Exports have risen by nearly 50 per cent over the last six years, reaching $65 billion.
“Exports of goods continue to be dominated by crude oil (80.6 per cent) as well as gas (10.5 per cent).
“Between 2017 and 2023, they increased by nearly 50 per cent to $65 billion. Services exports, about 6 per cent of all exports, are dominated by transport and travel (58.2 per cent), as well as increasingly financial services (22.9 per cent, predominantly traded digitally).
“The share of non-oil exports in total exports doubled between 2017 and 2023, consisting primarily of agricultural products, fertilizer, and metals.
“Imports also grew strongly from $31 billion to $56 billion, with refined petroleum accounting for the largest share (38.3 per cent).
“Services imports, which accounted for more than 20 per cent of total imports, are also dominated by transport and travel services (63.7 per cent of services imports), followed by other business services (20.1 per cent, predominantly traded digitally),” the report said.
The review highlights the Nigerian government’s ambitious Agenda 2050, which aims to diversify the economy and reduce reliance on oil by promoting manufacturing, linking domestic raw materials with industries, and expanding the domestic market.
The WTO said that despite these efforts, some restrictive policies seem to counter the goal of economic diversification.
“For example, the share of intermediate goods in non-oil imports fell from 44 per cent to 32 per cent between 2017 and 2023, indicating limited progress in expanding manufacturing’s contribution to the economy.
“Government strategies and policies at times seem to lack consistency and, in the past, did not fully achieve their ambitious objectives.
“Some restrictive and interventionist policies seem to counteract broader government strategies to support economic diversification and the integration of more productive manufacturing enterprises into global value chains.
“Nigeria’s trade in intermediary goods developed little between 2010 and 2021 and the share of intermediate goods in total non-oil imports declined from 44 per cent to 32 per cent between 2017 and 2023.
“FDI has continued its downward trend and virtually ceased in 2022, with few disaggregated figures available,” the report said.
The WTO explains that economic reforms have been underway in Nigeria, including the removal of fuel subsidies and a restructuring of the foreign exchange rate system.
According to the report, in 2023, Nigeria eliminated its complex multi-tiered exchange rate system, which had resulted in significant foreign exchange shortages.
“In 2023, the Government initiated important reforms regarding the foreign exchange rate, fuel subsidies, and fiscal discipline. In June, it eliminated a complex exchange rate system using multiple windows and rates which had led to significant foreign exchange (FX) shortages.
“The largely inaccessible official rate of the naira rapidly aligned with the parallel rate at which most FX transactions had effectively taken place and by March 2024, the official exchange rate had lost around 70 per cent of its value in USD terms.
“In 2023, the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) also removed restrictions on the use of FX for the import of 43 groups of commodities, affecting more than 900 tariff lines that had been in place since 2015.
“A price verification system for imports and exports to avoid under- or over-invoicing was in place between August 2023 and June 2024. However, some FX restrictions remain in place, including repatriation requirements,” it said.
The report added that following an earlier failed attempt in 2020, the government also removed costly and inefficient fuel subsidies in mid-2023 but established retail price caps for fuels at the end of 2023, effectively reintroducing some form of support.
“These subsidies accounted for about 15 per cent of government expenditure in 2022.
The Nigerian government also decided to end the practice of financing a significant share of its spending via overdrafts from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN), which had contributed to increasing debt as a share of GDP to 30 per cent.
“At below 9 per cent, the revenue-to-GDP ratio in Nigeria remains very low and the Government aims to increase it significantly by 2025.
The official exchange rate, which aligned with the parallel rate by March 2024, saw a rapid devaluation of the naira. In June 2023, Nigeria also removed longstanding foreign exchange restrictions on 43 groups of imports to ease access to foreign currency.
“These reforms were intended to create a more stable economic environment, though some foreign exchange restrictions remain, including repatriation requirements for companies.”
By Adedapo Adesanya
The NASD Over-the-Counter (OTC) Securities Exchange entered a third straight day of losses after it fell by 0.12 per cent on Wednesday, June 10.
The depletion trimmed the market capitalisation further by N3.1 billion to N2.590 trillion from N2.593 trillion, and cut the NASD Unlisted Security Index (NSI) by 5.19 points to 4330.12 points from 4,335.31 points.
11 Plc lost N22.21 during the session to finish at N221.00 per share versus the previous day’s N243.21 per share, MRS Oil Plc depreciated by N6.90 to N158.10 per unit from N165.00 per unit, and Central Securities Clearing System (CSCS) Plc decreased by N2.81 to N78.32 per share from N81.13 per share.
On the flip side, FrieslandCampina Wamco Nigeria Plc went up by N9.27 to N183.08 per unit from N173.81 per unit, Nitrox Industrial Gases Plc added N1.92 to its value to close at N23.80 per share compared with the preceding day’s N21.88 per share, and Food Concepts Plc gained 10 Kobo to exchange at N2.58 per unit, in contrast to Tuesday’s closing price of N2.48 per unit.
At the close of business, the volume of securities traded by investors contracted by 92.6 per cent to 117,374 units from 1.6 million units, and the value of securities moderated by 80.5 per cent to N12.2 million from N62.3 million, while the number of deals increased by 4.9 per cent to 43 deals from 41 deals.
Great Nigeria Insurance (GNI) Plc finished the day as the most traded stock by value on a year-to-date basis with 3.4 billion units worth N8.4 billion, followed by Infrastructure Credit Guarantee (Infracredit) Plc with 2.3 billion units traded for N6.5 billion, and CSCS Plc with 65.2 million units exchanged for N4.4 billion.
GNI Plc also closed the session as the most traded stock by volume on a year-to-date basis with 3.4 billion units valued at N8.4 billion, followed by Infracredit Plc with 2.3 billion units transacted for N6.5 billion, and Resourcery Plc with 1.1 billion units sold for N415.7 million
By Adedapo Adesanya
The Naira fell against the United States Dollar by N1.50 or 0.11 per cent in the Nigerian Autonomous Foreign Exchange Market (NAFEX) to sell at N1,362.05/$1 on Wednesday, June 10, compared with the N1,360.55/$1 it traded on Tuesday.
Also, the local currency lost N4.33 against the Pound Sterling in the official window yesterday to trade at N1,827.33/£1 versus the preceding day’s N1,823.00/£1, and depreciated against the Euro by N1.74 to quote at N1,575.35/€1, in contrast to N1,573.61/€1 of the previous session.
However, at the GTBank forex desk, the Naira gained N3 against the US Dollar to sell at N1,370/$1 versus N1,373/$1, and at the parallel market, it remained unchanged at N1,380/$1.
Updated data from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) showed that foreign reserves surged further due to additional inflows from various sources. Nigeria’s gross external reserves increased to $50.439 billion, its highest level since March 2026, reflecting sustained inflows from oil revenue and other FX sources.
Also, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) has said increased confidence in the Naira, supported by lower and more stable inflation, would encourage households, businesses and investors to hold more local currency assets and reduce reliance on foreign currencies.
The global lender, in a recent assessment, stressed the importance of strengthening the CBN’s operational framework and aligning liquidity management operations more closely with monetary policy objectives.
In the cryptocurrency market, there were recoveries from recent losses as US headline inflation rose an expected 0.5 per cent in May, but the beat on the core rate — which cuts out food and energy costs — pleased markets. The core rate, though, rose just 0.2 per cent in May against forecasts for 0.3 per cent.
The print reinforces the view that the US Federal Reserve will keep interest rates at 350-375 basis points at its June 17 meeting, but is likely to increase rates by 25 basis points by the end of the year.
Cardano (ADA) went up by 2.4 per cent to $0.1647, Bitcoin (BTC) rose by 2.3 per cent to $62,794.09, Binance Coin (BNB) jumped 1.8 per cent to $596.23, Ethereum (ETH) grew by 1.7 per cent to $1,658.12, and Solana (SOL) also soared by 1.7 per cent to $65.23.
Further, Dogecoin (DOGE) appreciated by 1.5 per cent to $0.0849, Ripple (XRP) expanded by 0.4 per cent to $1.11, and TRON (TRX) increased by 0.05 per cent to $0.3218, while the US Dollar Tether (USDT) lost 0.10 per cent to close at $0.9989, and the US Dollar Coin (USDC) declined by 0.01 per cent to $0.9997.
By Adedapo Adesanya
Oil prices jumped early on Thursday as Iran declared the critical energy chokepoint, the Strait of Hormuz, closed after the US launched additional strikes against the Middle East oil producer.
Brent futures rose $1.48 or 1.59 per cent to $94.58 per barrel, and the US West Texas Intermediate (WTI) crude climbed $1.71 or 1.90 per cent to $91.74 a barrel.
Iran’s top joint military command announced the closure of the Strait of Hormuz on Thursday, including oil tankers and commercial ships, saying any vessel attempting passage will be shot at.
Market analysts noted that the renewed escalation in fighting prompted oil prices to rally in early morning trading.
On Wednesday, the US military said on X that commercial ships continue to transit in and out of the strait. It also said no US warships have been struck in the strait, after Iran’s state media reported US ships near the waterway were targeted by missiles and drones.
US forces began launching additional strikes against multiple targets in Iran on Wednesday, the latest in an escalating exchange of attacks that threaten to reignite a full-scale war, which was paused in early April when the two sides agreed to a fragile ceasefire.
Defence Secretary Pete Hegseth held a press briefing announcing further attacks on Iran, saying, “If we need to negotiate with bombs, we’ll negotiate with bombs.” US Central Command later described those attacks as targeting “Iranian military surveillance capabilities, communication systems, and air defence sites across Iran.”
In response to the attacks, Iran’s top joint military command then announced that the Strait was closed to all shipping.
President Donald Trump said the strikes would stop shortly, but that they would continue if Iran’s leaders did not sign an agreement with the US immediately.
Iran’s months-long blockade of the strait, which normally carries a fifth of global oil and gas shipments, has kept oil prices elevated.
The latest exchange of strikes between the US and Iran marks the most significant escalation in the conflict since both countries agreed to a fragile ceasefire in April. Since then, oil inventories have drained dramatically, and no tangible breakthroughs have been announced.
Crude oil inventories in the US decreased by 7.2 million barrels during the week ending June 5, according to new data from the Energy Information Administration (EIA). The EIA’s data release follows figures that were released by the American Petroleum Institute (API) a day earlier, which reported that crude oil inventories saw a draw of 9.119 million barrels in the period.
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