Economy
What is Capital Gains Taxation and How to Optimize it?
If you have ever traded any securities on the capital markets, chances are that you have paid capital gains taxes before, provided the country of your residence levies such taxes.
Capital gains taxes are levied on the profit generated by buying and selling a particular asset or financial security.
For example, if an investor buys 10 Apple stock for $200 per share and then sells the entire investment for $220 per share, the taxable profit is $200.
Taxes on FX gains are levied at different rates, depending on the length of the holding period of the investment. Long-term capital gains taxes are levied after at least 12 months of holding an asset, while anything less is treated as a short-term capital gain.
In order to better understand how capital gains taxes work and how to optimize your strategies against them, we can look at several examples below.
Example 1 – Long-term capital gains tax
Long-term capital gains taxes in the United States are levied at a rate of 0%, 15%, or 20%, based on income levels and filing status.
Typically, long-term capital gains taxes are levied on asset sales after at least 12 months from purchase. Therefore, if an investor sells an asset 2 years after purchase, the profit will be treated as a long-term capital gain and taxed accordingly.
In other countries, long-term capital gains may have a flat tax rate. For instance, France upholds a long-term capital gains tax of 30%, regardless of the type of instrument.
Example 2 – Short-term capital gains tax
If we look at an example of short-term capital gains taxation, we can see that short-term gains are much easier in terms of tax handling, particularly in the United States, where short-term capital gains are taxed at the ordinary federal and state income tax rates.
For example, if an investor buys $100,000 worth of shares and sells them at a 10% profit in 6 months, the $10,000 difference would be taxable at a rate of 22%, assuming the investor has no other sources of income.
In general, the federal taxes levied on short-term capital gains range from 10% to 37%, with an additional state tax based on place of residence.
Are capital gains taxes universal?
Similarly to any other type of tax levied by governments, capital gains taxes can differ considerably based on the jurisdiction where you reside.
For example, short-term capital gains taxes in the United States are charged at the ordinary income levels, which means that the taxes on short-term capital gains are levied at rates between 10% on the lower end and 37% on the higher end.
On the other hand, a number of countries do not charge capital gains taxes at all. Some such jurisdictions include: Switzerland, Singapore, the UAE, Monaco, Malaysia, Belgium, New Zealand, and more.
In most cases capital gains taxes are levied at income tax levels, while in some cases, they are entirely separate and taxed at a separate, but smaller, rate.
Optimizing your capital gains tax
A key difference between capital gains and other taxes is that capital gains taxes can be optimized, leading to a smaller tax burden overall.
There are several ways of optimizing your capital gains taxes, especially if you reside in the United States and have a SSN, as a number of tax-advantaged investment accounts are available to US residents and citizens, such as: The 401(k), Roth IRAs and Regular IRAs.
In the United Kingdom, you can choose an Individual Savings Account, or ISA. These accounts allow you to close your investments tax-deferred, meaning you do not have to pay capital gains taxes when using them.
Another strategy you can use is tax-loss harvesting, which is done by selling losing investments to offset taxable capital gains. If losses exceed gains, many jurisdictions allow to carry forward excess losses to future years. However, it is also worth noting that tax-loss harvesting can only be done up to $3,000 in the United States.
Conclusion
Capital gains taxes are levied on the profit generated by buying and selling financial securities and other assets.
The rates of capital gains tax differ considerably between jurisdictions and some countries do not levy capital gains taxes at all.
In general, there are two types of capital gains taxes – Short-term and longterm. In most cases, short-term capital gains are taxed as ordinary income, while long-term capital gains taxes are treated as a distinct subcategory of income tax.
For those seeking to optimize their capital gains taxation to avoid overpaying, they can use strategies, such as tax-loss harvesting up to a certain point, or invest and trade using a IRA or other tax-deferred investment/savings account.
By Adedapo Adesanya
The NASD Over-the-Counter (OTC) Securities Exchange extended its gains by 0.91 per cent on Wednesday, June 3, spurred by three price gainers led by FrieslandCampina Wamco Nigeria Plc, which rose by N13.90 to sell N210.41 per share versus the previous day’s N196.51 per share. MRS Oil appreciated by N10 to N190.00 per unit from N180.00 per unit, and Food Concepts Plc added 5 Kobo to sell at N3.00 per share versus N2.95 per share.
As a result, the market capitalisation increased by N23.91 billion to N2.660 trillion from N2.636 trillion, and the NASD Unlisted Security Index (NSI) gained 39.97 points to finish at 4,446.27 points, in contrast to Tuesday’s 4,406.30 points.
The NASD exchange witnessed three price losers at midweek, led by Nipco Plc, which shrank by N21.30 to close at N325.97 per unit compared with the previous session’s N347.27 per unit, Nitrox Industrial Gases Plc went down by N1.20 to quote at N24.30 per share versus the preceding session’s N25.50 per share, and Central Securities Clearing System (CSCS) Plc weakened to by 69 Kobo to N75.41 per unit from N76.10 per unit.
The volume of trades yesterday significantly improved by 71.5 per cent to 527,221 units from Tuesday’s 307,363 units, as the value of transactions soared by 49.9 per cent to N64.2 million from the preceding session’s N49.9 million, and the number of deals surged by 9.5 per cent to 46 deals from 42 deals.
When trading activities ended for the day, Great Nigeria Insurance (GNI) Plc remained the most active stock by value on a year-to-date basis with 3.4 billion units valued at N8.4 billion, followed by Infrastructure Credit Guarantee (Infracredit) Plc with 2.3 billion units worth N6.5 billion, and CSCS Plc with 64.6 million units exchanged for N4.4 billion.
GNI Plc also ended the session as the most traded stock by volume on a year-to-date basis with 3.4 billion units sold for N8.4 billion, followed by Infracredit Plc with 2.3 billion units traded for N6.5 billion, and Resourcery Plc with 1.1 billion units transacted for N415.7 million.
By Adedapo Adesanya
The positive run of the Naira against the US Dollar in the Nigerian Autonomous Foreign Exchange Market (NAFEX) continued on Wednesday, June 3, with the former chalking up N3.79 or 0.28 per cent against the latter, closing at N1,357.26, in contrast to the preceding session’s N1,361.05/$1.
Similarly, the Nigerian currency gained N10.52 against the Pound Sterling in the official market during the session to close at N1,822.67/£1 compared with the previous rate of N1,833.19/£1, and appreciated against the Euro by N9.56 to N1,574.83/€1 from N1,584.39/€1.
Further, at the black market, the Naira improved its value against the greenback at midweek by N5 to trade at N1,375/$1 compared with the N1,380/$1 it was traded a day earlier, and at the GTBank FX counter, it gained N6 to sell for N1,372/$1 versus N1,378/$1.
The boost came as the country’s external reserves continued to gain momentum. A look at the updated data from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) showed that foreign reserves continue to increase with two consecutive inflows in June 2026, settling at $49.876 billion as of Tuesday.
Foreign portfolio investors, exporters and non-bank corporates continue to keep the supply side strong, with the less aggressive FX interventions by the CBN at the official window in recent times helping to ease worries about capital flight.
The apex bank reported that interbank FX turnover declined to $133.731 million across 136 deals, from $169.822 million the previous day.
Meanwhile, the cryptocurrency market remained bearish due to sell-offs triggered by geopolitical uncertainties and the US stock market rally.
Cardano (ADA) dipped by 5.5 per cent to $0.2046, Binance Coin (BNB) slumped by 4.8 per cent to $627.56, Solana (SOL) shrank by 3.9 per cent to $72.99, Ethereum (ETH) depreciated by 2.9 per cent to $1,844.53, and Bitcoin (BTC) slipped by 2.7 per cent to $65,675.87.
Further, Dogecoin (DOGE) depleted by 1.4 per cent to $0.0928, Ripple (XRP) declined by 0.7 per cent to $1.21, and TRON (TRX) lost 0.4 per cent to sell at $0.3336, while the US Dollar Tether (USDT) and the US Dollar Coin (USDC) gained 0.01 each to settle at $0.9986 and $0.9997, respectively.
By Dipo Olowookere
Nigeria’s stock market further depleted by 1.44 per cent on Wednesday following panic sell-offs by investors, who are cutting down their exposure to local equities.
Business Post observed that profit-taking dominated Customs Street at midweek, with all the key sectors of the Nigerian Exchange (NGX) Limited closing in red.
The insurance space shed 2.76 per cent, the industrial goods index lost 1.55 per cent, the banking counter declined by 1.53 per cent, the consumer goods segment shrank by 0.28 per cent, and the energy sector weakened by 0.05 per cent.
As a result, the All-Share Index (ASI) contracted by 3,554.05 points to 243,132.61 points from 246,686.66 points, and the market capitalisation moderated by N2.279 trillion to N155.940 trillion from N158.219 trillion.
Lafarge Africa led the losers’ chart yesterday after it gave up 9.97 per cent to trade at N307.90, Zichis lost 9.82 per cent to close at N29.20, Learn Africa depreciated by 9.80 per cent to N11.50, John Holt crashed by 9.80 per cent to N13.80, and Consolidated Hallmark dipped by 8.84 per cent to N6.19.
On the flip side, Abbey Mortgage Bank topped the gainers’ log after it grew by 9.93 per cent to N7.75, International Energy Insurance appreciated by 9.89 per cent to N6.00, Tripple G gained 9.80 per cent to sell for N4.37, Universal Insurance expanded by 8.91 per cent to N1.10, and Royal Exchange improved by 7.14 per cent to N1.50.
A total of 17 stocks gained weight yesterday, while 43 stocks lost weight, indicating a negative market breadth index and weak investor sentiment. This has been the mood of the market since the beginning of this week.
Market participants transacted 923.0 million shares worth N42.3 billion in 69,332 deals on Wednesday, in contrast to the 718.8 million shares valued at N29.3 billion traded in 71,683 deals on Tuesday, representing a drop in the number of deals by 3.28 per cent, and a rise in the trading volume and value by 28.41 per cent and 44.37 per cent, respectively.
Sterling Holdings led the activity chart with 264.6 million units valued at N2.1 billion, Access Holdings traded 76.7 million units worth N1.8 billion, Linkage Assurance exchanged 55.1 million units for N99.2 million, VFD Group sold 35.5 million units worth N378.8 million, and Ellah Lakes transacted 33.1 million units valued at N334.3 million.
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