General
Nigerian Public Officials Receive N721bn Bribes in 2023—Report
By Adedapo Adesanya
Nigerian public officials received nothing less than N721 billion as bribes in 2023, a new survey titled Corruption in Nigeria: Patterns and Trends has revealed.
The report was published by the Nigerian Bureau of Statistics (NBS) in collaboration with the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crimes (UNODC) and was based on a survey conducted with the UNODC.
According to calculations, the N721 billion paid in bribes amounted to about 0.35 per cent of Nigeria’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) which was around N206 trillion.
According to the study, the average cash bribe was N8,284, an increase from an average of N5,754 in 2019.
“According to the 2023 survey, the average cash bribe paid was 8,284 Nigerian Naira. While the nominal average cash bribe size increased since 2019 (from NGN 5,754), this does not account for inflation. The inflation-adjusted average cash bribe in 2023 was 29 per cent smaller than in 2019 in terms of what could be bought with the money.
“Overall, it is estimated that a total of roughly NGN 721 billion (US$1.26 billion) was paid in cash bribes to public officials in Nigeria in 2023, corresponding to 0.35 per cent of the entire Gross Domestic Product of Nigeria,” the report read in part.
The report indicates that 56 per cent of Nigerians interacted with a public official in 2023, down from 63 per cent in 2019.
Despite this reduction, bribery remains widespread, with an average of 5.1 bribes paid per bribe payer, totalling approximately 87 million bribes nationwide. This is a decrease from the 117 million bribes estimated in 2019.
On payment mode, the report noted that over 95 per cent of bribes were paid in monetary form (cash or money transfer) in 2023.
It said public officials were more likely to demand bribes while private sector actors included doctors in private hospitals, which increased from 6 per cent in 2019 to 14 per cent in 2023.
Despite this rise, bribery in the public sector remains about twice as high, with public sector contact rates also being twice as high as those in the private sector.
In 2023, 27 per cent of Nigerians who interacted with a public official paid a bribe, a slight decrease from 29 per cent in 2019. Including instances where bribes were requested but refused, over one-third of interactions between citizens and public officials involved bribery.
Similarly, the report shows a growing trend of Nigerians refusing to pay bribes. In 2023, 70 per cent of those asked to pay a bribe refused at least once, with the highest refusal rates in the North-West zone at 76 per cent. All regions recorded refusal rates above 60 per cent. This indicates that Nigerians are increasingly standing against corruption.
According to the report, bribery is becoming less accepted in Nigeria. The percentage of citizens who view bribery requests as acceptable to expedite administrative procedures decreased from 29 per cent in 2019 to 23 per cent in 2023.
Fewer citizens reported suffering negative consequences after refusing bribe requests in 2023 compared to 2019. This suggests a growing empowerment among Nigerians to confront corrupt officials without fear of repercussions.
In 2023, 21 per cent of bribe refusers indicated they refused because they had other options. Normative concerns (42 per cent) and cost of living pressures (23 per cent) also played significant roles in their refusal to pay bribes.
Furthermore, not less than 60 per cent of public sector workers were hired due to nepotism, bribery or both between 2020 and 2023.
The report noted that six out of 10 successful candidates admitted to using either nepotism, bribery, or both to improve their chances of being recruited.
Specifically, 27 per cent of these candidates admitted to using only bribery, 13 per cent to only nepotism, and 19 per cent to both bribery and nepotism. On the other hand, 40 per cent of the candidates claimed to have secured their positions without resorting to any such means, based on data collected between November 2020 and October 2023.
The report read, “The selection process used to recruit public officials plays a crucial role in shaping the culture of integrity that should drive the civil service as well as ensure that recruits have the highest standards of professionalism and merit.
However, the 2023 survey findings indicate that the public sector recruitment process requires closer monitoring, as almost half (46 per cent) of people who secured a job in the public sector in the last three years before the survey admitted that they paid a bribe to facilitate their recruitment – about 1.5 times the share found in the 2019 survey (31 per cent).
“The 2023 survey also found evidence that a considerable number of people recruited into the public sector secured their posts with the help of a friend or relative, many in addition to paying a bribe: of all successful applicants in the last three years before the 2023 survey, 32 per cent were helped by friends or relatives. Overall, in the three years before the 2023 survey, around 60 per cent of public sector applicants in Nigeria were hired as a result of nepotism, bribery or both – about 1.2 times the share found in the 2019 survey.”
The report also noted that the use of bribery is notably lower when the recruitment process includes formal assessments.
Specifically, 51 per cent of candidates were not formally assessed, and of these, a significant 53 per cent admitted to using bribery or nepotism to secure their positions.
Conversely, among the 49 per cent of candidates who underwent a written test or oral interview, the use of unethical means such as bribery or nepotism dropped to 41 per cent.
General
Senate Forms Seven-Man Committee to Harmonise Electoral Act Amendment Bill
By Adedapo Adesanya
The Senate has constituted a seven-man committee to harmonise contributions and opinions on the Electoral Act Amendment Bill, 2026, with a mandate to present a consolidated report to the chamber next Tuesday.
The decision followed over two hours of consideration of the bill’s provisions during a closed-door session on Thursday.
The committee is chaired by the Chairman of the Senate Committee on Judiciary, Human Rights and Legal Matters, Mr Niyi Adegbomore.
Other members are Senators Adamu Aliero, Aminu Tambuwal, Adams Oshiomhole, Danjuma Goje, Tony Nwoye, and Titus Zam.
The group has three days to conclude its assignment and submit its report for consideration at the next plenary session scheduled for next week.
The Senate on Thursday commenced consideration of the Electoral Act 2022 (Repeal and Re-enactment) Bill 2026, moving into a closed-door session to review documents submitted by the Chairman of the Senate Committee on Electoral Matters, Mr Simon Lalong.
The Electoral Act (Repeal and Enactment) Bill, 2025 would expand voter participation, safeguard against electoral fraud, and strengthen institutional capacity of the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC).
The closed session was convened to allow lawmakers to thoroughly examine the proposed amendments and supporting documents before engaging in further legislative debate on the bill.
This development comes after the upper chamber deferred consideration of the bill on Wednesday, giving lawmakers time to prepare for a detailed review.
Although the House of Representatives has already passed the bill, Senate President Senator Godswill Akpabio underscored the need for thorough scrutiny, given the bill’s implications for the nation’s electoral process.
“This is a very important bill, especially as it is election time. We must take our time to ensure justice is done to all, so that we do not end up at the tribunal,” he said.
According to the committee’s findings, a clause-by-clause analysis of the bill indicates that enacting the legislation would leave Nigerians with an enduring legacy of electoral integrity, enhance transparency, and boost public confidence.
The bill contains more than 20 key innovations distinguishing it from previous electoral frameworks, including provisions recognising the voting rights of prisoners and mandating INEC to register eligible inmates in correctional facilities nationwide.
It also prescribes sanctions for vote-buying ranging from a fine of N5 million to a two-year jail term, as well as a 10-year ban from contesting elections. It also recommends mandatory jail terms and higher fines for offences such as result falsification and obstruction of election officials.
Others include standardising delegates for indirect party primaries to prevent arbitrary determination of delegate criteria by party leaders, while addressing perennial funding challenges to the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) by mandating the release of election funds at least one year before polling day.
General
Dangote Cement Ibese Plant Launches Safety FairPlay Initiative
By Modupe Gbadeyanka
A Safety FairPlay initiative designed to drive behavioural change and cultural shift towards safety conducts among its employees has been launched by the Ibese Plant of Dangote Cement Plc.
This programme will drive lasting behavioural and cultural change through an equitable and transparent framework that promotes safe conduct. Built on three core pillars—Recognition, Correction (Coaching) and Discipline.
It rewards positive safety behaviour, ensures consistency in addressing at-risk actions, and encourages open reporting of incidents, near-misses and errors, the company said in a statement on Thursday.
The scheme will be replicated at all the plants of Dangote Cement, marking a significant milestone in strengthening the Company’s safety culture, the organisation added.
The pilot launch of this policy recorded impressive participation from both the management and employees, thus underscoring a shared commitment to safer work practices.
The Technical Director of the cement giant, Mr Anandam Duraisamy, emphasized the strategic importance of the initiative to the business and called on employees to champion a safety culture anchored on fairness, accountability, recognition, and continuous improvement.
He noted that the Safety Fairplay marks a defining moment in the company’s journey toward building a workplace where safety is not just a policy, but a shared mindset—an everyday habit that defines who we are and how we work. We are here to launch an initiative that aims to transform not only what we do, but how we think, act, and respond when it comes to safety.
“Safety FairPlay is about building trust, consistency, and accountability in how we manage safety. When people know that safe behaviour is recognised, risky actions are fairly addressed, and everyone is treated equitably, safety becomes a shared responsibility and a true part of our culture.
“This initiative is about behavioural and cultural change. It recognises that true safety excellence goes beyond equipment, procedures, or compliance; it begins with people-our attitudes, our choices, and our willingness to look out for one another.
“Every incident prevented, every risk spotted, and every safe action taken strengthens our organisation. And that strength comes from you—from each member of our workforce embracing safety as a personal responsibility and a collective value,” he stated.
Also speaking, the Ibese Plant Head of Health, Safety and Environment (HSE), Mr Elvis Akalusi, commended the management for driving the programme and applauded employees for their enthusiastic embrace of the initiative.
He affirmed that the Safety FairPlay Initiative would be fully embedded into the plant’s daily operations, with the full collaboration of all heads of departments.
“This initiative will offer the tools, coaching, recognition, and accountability needed to help each of us make safer decisions. But its success depends on our shared commitment—our courage to consistently do the right thing, even when no one is watching.
“Let us approach this new chapter with open minds and a determination to improve. Let us build a culture where speaking up is encouraged, learning is continuous, and mistakes become opportunities to grow—not reasons for fear,” he stated.
General
Navy Unveils Roadmap for Nigeria’s 2.5mbpd Crude Output Target
By Adedapo Adesanya
The Nigerian Navy via its Central Naval Command has unveiled a fresh security coordination roadmap with oil majors and maritime stakeholders to ensure security enforcement aligns with plans to boost the country’s crude oil production to 2.5 million barrels per day.
The renewed push followed back-to-back high-level engagements held this week between the Central Naval Command, major oil exploration companies, and key maritime industry players, which stakeholders agreed could be delivered if crude oil theft, sabotage, and operational disruptions across the Niger Delta are decisively addressed.
Flag Officer Commanding, Central Naval Command, Rear Admiral Suleiman Ibrahim, told participants that maritime security remains critical to Nigeria’s economic survival and energy ambitions.
“Maritime security is a collective responsibility,” Rear Admiral Ibrahim said.
“Sustainable outcomes can only be achieved through close collaboration and mutual understanding between the Nigerian Navy and you, our industry partners whose assets, personnel, and investments we protect.”
During the engagement with oil executives, participants jointly affirmed that President Bola Ahmed Tinubu’s 2.5m bpd mandate is “doable and achievable”, provided security agencies and industry operators align operations, intelligence sharing, and response strategies.
Rear Admiral Ibrahim stressed that the Navy’s role is to create an enabling environment for uninterrupted oil and gas operations, assuring stakeholders of stronger protection for offshore and onshore assets within the Command’s Area of Responsibility.
He also conveyed the full backing of the Chief of the Naval Staff, CNS, Vice Admiral Emmanuel Ikechukwu Ogalla, noting that Naval Headquarters remains committed to deploying the required platforms, assets, and leadership to strengthen maritime security.
“The Chief of the Naval Staff is fully committed to providing the platforms and strategic leadership needed to optimise security deployments across the Central Naval Command,” the FOC said.
According to him, the dual meetings provided an opportunity to reassess the evolving security landscape, review emerging threats, and fine-tune response mechanisms in line with industry realities.
“We welcome frank and constructive engagement,” Rear Admiral Ibrahim added. “Your feedback is vital to improving our operational effectiveness and service delivery.”
According to a statement, industry stakeholders expressed renewed confidence in the Navy’s leadership and ongoing inter-agency cooperation, noting that improved maritime security is already translating into greater operational stability and production recovery.
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