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Nigeria Experiences Most Complex DDoS Campaigns in West Africa

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DDoS Campaigns

By Aduragbemi Omiyale

A new report has revealed that in the West African region in the second half of 2024, Nigeria suffered the most complex distributed denial of service (DDoS) campaigns, peaking at 22 distinct vendors used in a single attack, primarily TCP, Domain Name System (DNS) amplification and Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) flood DDoS attacks, also known as Ping flood attacks.

This information was made known by NETSCOUT in its recently released Threat Intelligence Report for July to December 2024.

The report revealed that in the region, Nigeria was exposed to 1,716 strikes, a significant drop from the 2,721 incidents seen in the first half of 2024.

In contrast, Mali experienced a more than ten-fold increase in 2H 2024 – up from just 115 seen previously between January and June 2024 to 1,637 in the second half of the year.

Liberia emerged as the next most affected country, recording 1,189 DDoS attacks, down slightly from 1,515 incidents in the first half of the year. Here, computer systems design services businesses were heavily targeted, suffering 360 attacks over the six-month period. The most frequently used attack vector was DNS amplification, with STUN amplification not far behind.

In Ghana, DDoS activity dropped significantly in the second half of the year, falling to only 917 attacks versus 4,753 earlier in the year. Three of the top four types of businesses under fire this time were ICT-related, namely web search portals and information services (317), wired telecommunications carriers (43) and computing infrastructure providers (4). Interestingly, footwear manufacturers ranked third, with 14 attacks over the second half of 2024.

The Democratic Republic of the Congo made its debut in NETSCOUT’s regional rankings, landing in fifth place with 879 reported attacks, comments Hamman. While the most significant attack peaked at a modest 0.74 Gbps, the complexity was notable – with up to 15 vectors used in a single attack. Computing infrastructure providers were primarily affected, but a single incident aimed at a satellite telecommunications organisation lasted for a gruelling 689 minutes.

By the same token, Cameroon may not have been the most targeted country, with 811 incidents, nor experienced the most sophisticated attacks, but statistics gathered show that the maximum bandwidth of its largest DDoS attack measured 200.43 Gbps – surpassing even Nigeria’s 148.77 Gbps.

Meanwhile, Côte d’Ivoire, Guinea and the Republic of the Congo all experienced lower attack frequencies, at 495, 341 and 329 incidents respectively. Of these three countries, Côte d’Ivoire faced the largest attack, at a bandwidth of 8.66 Gbps, with the primary target being – once again – wired telecommunications carriers. Following the ICT trend, Guinea’s wireless telecommunications carriers faced the most pressure, while in the Republic of the Congo, telecommunications resellers were hardest hit.

“Web search portals and all other information services bore the brunt of attacks in Mali, with an astounding average duration of 1,197 minutes per incident.

“This was followed by wired telecommunications carriers, which was also the most targeted industry at a global level during the same period, with more than 2.1 million incidents,” the Regional Director for Africa at NETSCOUT, Mr Bryan Hamman, stated.

He also disclosed that, “In Nigeria, the most frequently targeted sectors included telecommunications resellers and computing infrastructure providers. Beauty salons also featured on the country’s top ten list, alongside wired telecommunications carriers, then commercial banking, used merchandise retailers, tyre dealers, and household electronics wholesalers. This shows once again how threat actors adapt their strategies accordingly within different countries to target those industries that are strong in individual sovereign territories.”

“This latest data from NETSCOUT reinforces a critical truth for West Africa: DDoS attacks aren’t just increasing in frequency, but also in intensity and sophistication.

“While nations like Nigeria and Mali face a high volume of incidents, others are experiencing powerful, high-bandwidth attacks that can cripple essential services.

“As noted previously, the ICT sector remains firmly in the crosshairs across the continent in its entirety, making it vital for organisations across the region to prioritise proactive defence strategies, invest in continuous risk assessments and engage in broader cybersecurity collaboration to stay ahead of evolving threats,” he added.

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NCC, CBN Implement 30 Seconds Refunds for Failed Airtime, Data Purchases

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By Adedapo Adesanya

The Nigerian Communications Commission (NCC) and the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) have introduced new rules that will ensure faster refunds for failed airtime and data purchases, following rising consumer complaints over debits without value.

Under the new rules, refunds are expected to be completed within 30 seconds, except where a transaction remains pending, in which case the resolution can take up to 24 hours.

The new framework, contained in a statement issued by NCC’s Head of Public Affairs, Ms Nnenna Ukoha, on Thursday, targets unsuccessful transactions linked to network downtime, system failures and human errors that affect subscribers nationwide.

According to the statement, the guideline was developed after months of joint engagements involving telecom operators, banks, value-added service providers and other industry stakeholders.

The NCC said the framework brings the financial and telecommunications sectors up to speed on how failed transactions are handled and resolved.

“These engagements were prompted by a rising incidence of failed airtime and data purchases, where subscribers were debited without receiving value and experienced delays in resolution.

“The framework represents a unified position by both the telecommunications and financial sectors on addressing such complaints.

“It identifies and tackles the root causes of failed airtime and data transactions, including instances where bank accounts are debited without successful delivery of services,” she said.

Under the framework, Ms Ukoha said mobile network operators and banks are bound by a service level agreement that clearly defines their roles in transaction processing and refunds.

She emphasised that operators are also required to notify customers by SMS on the status of every airtime or data transaction.

The rules also address erroneous recharges to ported lines, incorrect airtime or data purchases, and instances where transactions are made to the wrong phone number.

On her part, the Director of Consumer Affairs at the NCC, Mrs Freda Bruce-Bennett, said the framework also introduces a central monitoring system to improve oversight.

She said the dashboard will be jointly managed by the NCC and the CBN to track failed transactions, refunds and breaches of service timelines in real time.

“We are grateful to all stakeholders, particularly the CBN and its leadership, for their tireless commitment to resolving this issue and arriving at this framework,” she said.

The official said failed top-ups are among the top three complaints received by the commission, adding that implementation of the framework is expected to begin on March 1, subject to final approvals and completion of technical integration by all operators and banks.

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Nigeria, Google in Talks for New Undersea Cable

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By Adedapo Adesanya

The Nigerian government is in advanced talks with Google for a new undersea cable to strengthen the country’s digital connectivity and resilience.

The country wants to augment existing undersea links with Europe, said the chief executive of National Information Technology Development Agency (NITDA), Mr Kashifu Inuwa Abdullahi, as per Bloomberg on Tuesday.

Mr Inuwa said this was necessary at this time, calling Nigeria’s current reliance on cables that follow the same path “a single point of failure.”

Google earlier this year said it plans to expand its digital presence significantly in Africa with the development of four new strategic subsea cable connectivity hubs in the north, south, east, and west regions of the continent.

Already, Google is investing $2.1 million to accelerate Nigeria’s artificial intelligence (AI) growth, aiming to create one million digital jobs and bolster the country’s expanding technology economy.

This is aligned with Nigeria’s National AI Strategy, which is expected to play a meaningful role in the nation’s broader digital transformation. Projections indicate that AI could contribute up to $15 billion to Nigeria’s economy by 2030.

The fund will support partnerships with local organisations. To achieve these aims, the funding will support partnerships with local organisations working in digital skills development and cyber security.

The investment further signals global trust in Nigeria’s technology sector and underlines the nation’s role as a leader in Africa’s digital transformation. As new opportunities emerge, Google believes it support is set to help shape Nigeria’s economy and its place on the global technology stage.

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Airtel Africa, SpaceX to Launch Starlink Direct-to-Cell Connectivity

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By Modupe Gbadeyanka

An agreement for a satellite-to-mobile service that will benefit millions of people in Africa has been entered into between Airtel Africa Plc and SpaceX.

This service is through the introduction of Starlink Direct-to-Cell satellite connectivity across all the 14 markets of Airtel Africa that serve 174 million customers.

Through this partnership, Airtel Africa customers with compatible smartphones in regions without terrestrial coverage can have network connectivity through Starlink, which is the world’s largest 4G connectivity provider (by geographic reach).

The satellite-to-mobile service will begin in 2026 with data for select applications and text messaging.

This agreement also includes support for Starlink’s first broadband Direct-to-Cell system, with next-generation satellites that will be capable of providing high-speed connectivity to smartphones with 20x improved data speed. The rollout will proceed in line with country-specific regulatory approvals.

Airtel Africa is the first mobile network operator in Africa to offer Starlink Direct-to-Cell service, powered by 650 satellites to provide seamless connectivity to its customers in remote areas.

The partnership reinforces Airtel Africa’s commitment to bridge digital divide and offer seamless connectivity to its customers.

Airtel Africa and Starlink will continue to explore additional collaboration opportunities to further advance digital inclusion across the continent.

“Airtel Africa remains committed to delivering great experience to our customers by improving access to reliable and contiguous mobile connectivity solutions.

“Starlink’s Direct-to-Cell technology complements the terrestrial infrastructure and even reaches areas where deploying terrestrial network solutions are challenging.

“We are very excited about the collaboration with Starlink, which will establish a new standard for service availability across all our 14 markets,” the chief executive of Airtel Africa, Mr Sunil Taldar, said.

Also commenting, the Vice President of Sales for Starlink, Ms Stephanie Bednarek, said, “For the first time, people across Africa will stay connected in remote areas where terrestrial coverage cannot reach, and we’re so thrilled that Starlink Direct-to-Cell can power this life-changing service.

“Through this agreement with Airtel Africa, we’ll also deliver our next-generation technology to offer high-speed broadband connectivity, which will offer faster access to many essential services.”

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