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Affordable Housing Requires a New Shape for Mortgage Industry

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By Johnstone Oltetia

There are two essential parts to achieving affordable housing: building decent, low-cost homes, and developing a housing finance market that enables low-income earners to buy those homes. For, without finance, almost no home price is low enough to be affordable on an average salary.

For this reason, the mortgage market has been growing. Housing loans have risen more than ten-fold since 2006, from 1,278 loans valued at Sh19m 12 years ago to 24,458 loans valued at Sh203.3bn by 2015, according to the Central Bank of Kenya (CBK).

But the market still remains tiny when compared with other nations. In Tanzania and Uganda, the mortgage loan value is under 2.5 per cent GDP while in Kenya stands at 3.15 per cent of GDP by 2015. In South Africa, it contributed some 32 per cent of GDP.

Yet in countries where mortgages drive a large flow of home buying, home owners prime the pumps of the economy with additional spending power in an inflow that makes for faster economic growth.

However, our own mortgage market is held back by multiple constraints, including bureaucracy. Normally, the purchase of a property takes around three months to complete. For instance, mortgage finance in Kenya typically takes six months to arrange, mired in nine separate, manual, administrative processes.

These span land rent and rates clearance certificates, transfer filing and consent, the search, the valuation and its endorsement, and the stamp duty and lodging of documents. This process, which the government is now working to simplify, adds cumbersome work, as well as risk, thus increasing the cost of mortgages.

Most primary mortgage lenders in the region thus set higher mortgage rates and focus on high net worth individuals and high earners who can afford higher rates. They also run shorter repayment periods, ranging from as low as three years to an average of eight years.

But repaying at such high rates, so rapidly, puts borrowers under considerable pressure and leads to defaults, which today stand at some 12 per cent of Kenyan mortgages. It is additionally a model that offers very few opportunities for low and middle-income Kenyans to own homes.

We, thus, need a radical overhaul of mortgage financing if we are to achieve widespread home ownership, which is where mortgage refinancing comes in.

Providing a source of secure, long-term funding for mortgages has a direct impact on the affordability of home loans for home buyers and is a vital pillar to achieving a developed mortgage system. Such funding was critical, for instance, in Malaysia and Singapore, where about 80 per cent of houses are now mortgage-owned.

For this reason, the Kenyan National Treasury is contributing to the Affordable Housing Pillar of the BIG 4 Agenda by supporting the creation of a lending facility (the Kenya Mortgage Refinance Company) to provide longer-term funds for banks and SACCOs for residential mortgages in Kenya.

The Kenya Mortgage Refinance Company (KMRC) will provide secure funding to mortgage lenders so that they can offer more mortgages at lower prices. With such long-term funding, primary mortgage lenders will also be able to lengthen repayment periods to 15 to 25 years, and offer a fixed interest rate, making mortgages both safe and affordable for low income earners.

The new financing will mainly be available for lower cost housing, valued at less than Sh4m in Nairobi metropolitan area (Nairobi, Machakos, Kiambu and Kajiado) and Sh3m elsewhere. Likewise, to qualify for the housing loan, Kenyans must be earning less than Sh150,000 a month.

Refinancing the financial institutions will also enable them to expand their lending scope to finance developers as well, a strategy that can also be borrowed by other East African countries in meeting their affordable housing agendas.

The Government Affordable Housing project seeks to develop 500,000 houses in five years, which presents the largest real estate opportunity for a long time. But with the country having only managed to produce about 50,000 units over the last two to three years, achieving the targeted 100,000 houses a year will require considerable investment in construction.

The financing structures necessary to achieve this will be outlined in forums at the April 10th -11th East African Property Investment Summit, which aims to support the Government Affordable Housing Project. But as government and industry leaders convene to discuss the delivery of the targeted affordable housing, mortgage refinancing will be taking center stage as a crucial enabler.

Johnstone Oltetia is the Interim CEO of Kenya Mortgage Refinance Company (KMRC)

Dipo Olowookere is a journalist based in Nigeria that has passion for reporting business news stories. At his leisure time, he watches football and supports 3SC of Ibadan. Mr Olowookere can be reached via [email protected]

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AXIAN Energy Secures $60m for Expansion Across Africa

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By Aduragbemi Omiyale

A financing facility of up to $60 million has been secured by AXIAN Energy, the energy division of the AXIAN Group.

The funding package was provided by MCB, one of the leading financial institutions in the Indian Ocean region.

It comprises a $40 million revolving credit facility with a three-year tenor and extension option, and $20 million in unfunded instruments, providing AXIAN Energy with enhanced financial flexibility, enabling the company to rapidly mobilise resources and seize development opportunities across its target markets.

The energy firm is expected to use the capital to deliver large-scale energy infrastructure projects across Africa.

Over the past two years, AXIAN Energy has significantly accelerated its growth by expanding its renewable energy project pipeline, with solar projects currently under development in Senegal, Benin, Zambia, Côte d’Ivoire, Madagascar, and Burkina Faso.

Building on this momentum, AXIAN Energy now operates a portfolio comprising 350 MW of installed renewable energy capacity, supported by 77 MWh of energy storage capacity, positioning the AXIAN Group as a major contributor to Africa’s energy transition.

The chief executive of AXIAN Energy, Mr Benjamin Memmi, said, “This transaction marks a key milestone in AXIAN Energy’s growth trajectory. It provides us with the financial capacity to sustain the momentum we have built over the past two years, further strengthening our renewable energy portfolio and expanding our presence across new African markets.”

Also commenting, the Global Head of Structured Finance at MCB, Mr Mathieu Delteil, said, “We are proud to support AXIAN Energy in structuring this facility, reaffirming our commitment to enabling transformative projects across Africa.

“By leveraging our sector expertise and deep understanding of regional markets, we have delivered a tailored financing solution that aligns with AXIAN’s long-term renewable energy ambitions.

“This partnership highlights our role as a strategic financial partner, mobilising capital towards investments that drive sustainable growth and accelerate the energy transition across the continent.”

The financing agreement between the two organisations strengthens their long-standing relationship because it is driven by a shared commitment to supporting infrastructure development and economic growth across Africa.

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S&P Restores Afreximbank to Investment-Grade Status After 12 Years

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By Adedapo Adesanya

Credit ratings agency, S&P Global Ratings, has restored the African Export-Import Bank (Afreximbank) ​to investment grade, nearly 12 years after its last assessment, citing the entity’s countercyclical lending record and ‌strong shareholder support.

The BBB+ rating with a stable outlook is one notch above Moody’s Baa2 and comes months after Afreximbank severed ties with Fitch Ratings.

The lender accused the agency of misjudging its mission, following a downgrade to junk status amid disagreements over the bank’s role in debt ​restructurings for Ghana and Zambia. Fitch subsequently withdrew its ratings entirely and flagged governance concerns.

S&P said in ​a statement on Thursday that Afreximbank’s record as a countercyclical lender and its substantial shareholder ⁠support served as rationale for its rating. Credit ratings often guide the costs of capital for a borrower.

The lender’s total assets, S&P noted, had expanded to $42.3 billion by the end of 2025, up ​from $7.1 billion in 2015.

S&P said it did not incorporate preferred creditor status into its assessment because Afreximbank ​provides almost 80 per cent of its loans to private-sector entities.

However, it acknowledged that Afreximbank, alongside other institutions, had experienced prolonged payment arrears in ‌recent ⁠years, notably following the defaults and debt restructurings in Ghana and Zambia.

S&P noted that Afreximbank said in December that it had come to an agreement with Ghana on its $750 million loan, but that the lender had not announced a resolution with Zambia.

The agency warned that further sovereign restructurings could weigh on Afreximbank’s asset quality.

S&P’s assessment described Afreximbank’s governance and management as “adequate”, saying the ⁠inclusion of ​two independent directors and the African Development Bank (AfDB) as a permanent board ​member provided institutional oversight.

It noted that while increasing participation of private-sector investors through Class D shares could influence the bank’s risk appetite, Class A ​shareholders retained veto rights over big institutional changes, balancing potential risk.

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Elon Musk Becomes World’s First Trillionaire as SpaceX Soars in Nasdaq Debut

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By Adedapo Adesanya

Mr Elon Musk, the world’s richest man, is now a trillionaire as his SpaceX rose 11 per cent in its Nasdaq debut on Friday, lifting its valuation to about $1.96 trillion as investors piled into the world’s largest initial public offering (IPO).

The stock opened for trading at $150 compared with the IPO price of $135 per share.

The landmark listing cemented Mr Musk’s status as the first trillionaire ever and propelled SpaceX into the ranks of the ⁠world’s most valuable companies

The listing is being used as a benchmark of what is to come for the market ahead of forthcoming IPOs for AI heavyweights Anthropic and OpenAI.

The record IPO is a culmination of Mr Musk’s long-held ambitions in space and technology.

Most of Musk’s wealth now rests with SpaceX, where ⁠he holds a stake worth roughly $866 billion. Along with Tesla and the rest of his properties, his net worth will exceed $1.1 trillion when the stock begins trading on Friday.

At a quoted $75 billion, the deal’s proceeds were more than double those of Saudi Aramco’s record-setting 2019 IPO.

The valuation could rise further should underwriters exercise their right to sell additional shares, a decision typically made within 30 days after the offering.

Although SpaceX may have to wait for entry into the S&P 500, its expected fast-track inclusion in the Nasdaq 100 will soon make it a major holding for passive funds and ETFs that track the index, creating a fresh source of demand for its shares.

It will take about a month before it gets added to that index under Nasdaq’s new fast-entry rules, as opposed to a typical wait of as much as a year.

SpaceX said its market opportunity spans $28.5 trillion, a figure it called the largest in human history.

Mr Musk, 54, was born in Pretoria, South Africa, to a Canadian mother and South African father. He attended the University of Pennsylvania, graduating in 1997.

He took over as Tesla’s CEO in 2008. Beyond Tesla and SpaceX, Mr Musk ‌has co-founded ⁠five other companies, including tunnelling startup The Boring Company and brain implant maker Neuralink.

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