Economy
Nigeria Exits Global Tax Deal over Unreliability, Profit Reallocation Issues
By Adedapo Adesanya
Nigeria has opted out of a global tax deal negotiated under the Organisation of Economic Cooperation and Development (OEDC)/G20 Inclusive Framework on Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS).
According to ThisDay Newspaper, Nigeria is one of the four countries alongside its African counterpart, Kenya as well as Pakistan and Sri Lanka that exited the deal.
For context, BEPS refers to corporate tax planning strategies used by multinationals to shift profits from higher tax jurisdictions to lower tax jurisdictions or no-tax locations where there is little or no economic activity, thereby eroding the tax base of the higher-tax jurisdictions using deductible payments such as interest or royalties.
Nigeria’s position was predicated, among others, on the unreliability of the economic impact of the deal for developing countries.
The OECD estimates that countries lose $100-$240 billion worth of revenue annually to BEPS practices, which is the equivalent to 4-10 per cent of the global corporate income tax revenue.
The deal set out to introduce a global minimum tax rate and new profit reallocation rules, which aim to give countries a fairer chance to collect tax revenues from multinational enterprises (MNEs) operating in or generating revenues from their jurisdictions.
In a new report titled, OECD Global Tax Deal: Key Elements, Opportunities and Challenges, Global Financial Integrity (GFI) stated that the framework represents a group of countries and jurisdictions working together to address systemic issues within the global taxation system that cause an inequitable distribution of tax revenues among countries and jurisdictions.
It operates under the leadership of the OECD, but any country or jurisdiction is allowed to join and participate.
The global tax deal represents a major reform to the rules governing the international tax system, aimed at bringing an end to tax havens and profit-shifting by multinational enterprises.
The deal specifically aims to address challenges that arise from the digitalisation of the economy and is broken down into two pillars.
Pillar 1 aims to reallocate multinationals’ profits and taxing rights to market jurisdictions while Pillar 2 introduces a global minimum tax rate.
The Inclusive Framework releases the blueprints for the two-pillar solution to address tax challenges arising from the digitalisation of the economy.
A total of 140 tax jurisdictions were part of the Inclusive Framework when the negotiations commenced, the report highlighted.
After the conclusion of the high-level agreement in October 2021, Mauritania joined the Inclusive Framework as the 141st member in November and also agreed to the two-pillar statement.
In total, 137 of the 141 member jurisdictions have agreed to the two-pillar solution while Kenya, Nigeria, Pakistan and Sri Lanka opted out.
However, Nigeria expressed concern with Pillar 1 particularly, claiming that the OECD’s assessment of the economic impact on developing countries was unreliable.
Also, the mandatory dispute resolution element was one of the reasons for Kenya and Nigeria to disapprove of the deal because of concerns around losing sovereignty due to tax issues having to be resolved in residence countries.
Although Nigeria made no disclosures of its own calculations on potential revenue, its conclusion was that it was not worth the high cost of implementation.
Some of the concerns around the deal and reasons why Nigeria and the other countries rejected it included: Lack of transparency in negotiations, exclusion of the majority of developing countries, the issue of too many MNEs out of scope, and limited impact on developing countries, among others.
According to the report, although the agreement was negotiated under the Inclusive Framework, a substantive part of the process was carried out within the G7 and G20.
This in turn made the process less transparent and gives rise to the concern that smaller and less rich countries were not given equal participation.
The newspaper also reported that the deal also excludes companies working in the extractives industry, although this sector has been flagged to be more susceptible to illicit financial flows.
Similarly, although the Inclusive Framework allows all interested jurisdictions and countries to become members, there are conditions and annual fees they have to commit to in order to join.
The majority of African (52 per cent) and Least Developed (78 per cent) countries have not joined the framework.
By Adedapo Adesanya
Revenue from Company Income Tax (CIT) in the fourth quarter of 2025 decreased by 49.8 per cent to N1.487 trillion from N2.96 trillion in the third quarter of 2025, according to the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS).
The figure was contained in the NBS Company Income Tax (CIT) Q4 2025 Report released in Abuja on Wednesday by the stats office.
CIT is a statutory levy imposed on the profits of incorporated businesses in Nigeria. It is governed primarily by the Companies Income Tax Act (CITA) and administered by the Nigeria Revenue Service (NRS).
The report said domestic CIT received was N819.83 billion (55 per cent), while foreign CIT payment was N668.21 billion (45 per cent) in Q4 2025.
It said on a quarter-on-quarter basis, activities of extraterritorial organisations and bodies recorded the highest growth rate with 75.15 per cent,
The report said this was followed by Education and real estate activities at 54.20 per cent and 27.25 per cent, respectively.
“On the other hand, accommodation and food services activities recorded the least growth rate at -67.11 per cent, followed by activities of households as employers, undifferentiated goods and services producing activities of households for own use at -63.49 per cent.
“It said mining quarrying was recorded at -49.63 per cent.”
In terms of sectoral contributions, the report showed that the top three activities with the highest contribution in Q4 2025 were financial and insurance activities at 18.17 per cent, manufacturing at 17.30 per cent and mining and quarrying at 15.04 per cent.
It said, on the other hand, the activities of households as employers, undifferentiated goods and 0.002 per cent.
“This was followed by water supply, sewage, waste management and remediation activities with 0.04 per cent.
The report, however, said that, on a year-on-year basis, CIT collections in Q4 2025 increased by 13.38 per cent from Q4 2024.
By Adedapo Adesanya
The World Bank has warned that Nigeria’s economic recovery has yet to improve household welfare as wage growth continues to lag behind inflation, leaving real incomes under pressure.
This was disclosed in its April 2026 Nigeria Development Update titled Nigeria’s Tomorrow Must Start Today: The Case for Early Childhood Development.
According to the report, while the Nigerian economy recorded moderate growth in 2026, following expansions of 4.1 per cent in 2024 and 4.0 per cent in 2025, the gains have not translated into improved living standards for most citizens.
It stated that growth was largely driven by the services sector, particularly ICT, financial services, and real estate, while agriculture and crude oil production made modest contributions.
On inflation, the report said price pressures have eased but remain in double digits, partly due to the impact of the Middle East conflict.
The lender noted that multidimensional poverty and weak early childhood development outcomes are threatening Nigeria’s long-term economic potential, despite signs of macroeconomic recovery.
The report explained that Nigeria is facing a deep early childhood development crisis, with poor outcomes in health, nutrition, and learning undermining productivity and future growth.
It emphasised that early childhood development, especially from pregnancy to age five, is critical to reversing the trend.
“Investments during this period generate lasting benefits, including better education outcomes, higher earnings, lower health costs, and stronger social cohesion. Investments during this period are highly cost-effective,” the report said.
The report highlighted alarming child welfare indicators, noting that 110 out of every 1,000 Nigerian children die before the age of five, 40 per cent are stunted, and 52 per cent are not developmentally on track before entering school.
It attributed these outcomes to persistent gaps in maternal healthcare, nutrition, early learning, and access to water and sanitation, particularly within the first 2,000 days of a child’s life.
The bank added that these outcomes remain “weak and highly unequal,” with significant disparities across income levels, regions, and states.
The report further revealed that favourable external inflows boosted reserves, with net external reserves rising to $34.8 billion at the end of 2025, while gross reserves reached $45.5 billion, equivalent to 8.7 months of imports.
However, it noted that Nigeria’s fiscal deficit widened slightly in 2025, as increased non-oil revenues were offset by higher state-level capital spending and federal recurrent expenditure.
“Federation Account Allocation Committee (FAAC) gross revenues rose from 7.9 per cent of GDP in 2024 to 8.5 per cent in 2025, driven by strong non-oil tax collections reflecting improved tax administration.
“This includes expanded e-filing and e-payments, higher compliance ahead of the implementation of the new tax bills, and the rollout of VAT e-invoicing, alongside a 0.2 per cent of GDP rise in subnational internally generated revenues,” the report stated.
By Aduragbemi Omiyale
One of the players in the Nigerian aviation sector, Caverton Offshore Support Group Plc, has informed the investing public that it is unsure when it will file its audited financial statements for 2025.
Companies listed on the Nigerian Exchange (NGX) Limited are required to submit their audited financial results at most three months after the end of the fiscal year.
For Caverton, it was supposed to release the financial statements for 2025 on or before March 31, 2026; however, it has not done the needful.
In a statement to explain the delay in the filing of the results, the company said it has not completed the audit, and does not know when this process will be concluded by its external auditor.
“The delay in filing the 2025 AFS arises from the fact that the audit of the company’s financial statements is still ongoing. The company is working closely with its external auditors to conclude the audit process.
“However, as at the date of this notice, the audit has not been finalised due to the need to complete certain outstanding review procedures and obtain final audit clearances to ensure the accuracy, completeness, and integrity of the financial statements,” Caverton explained.
It further said, “While significant progress has been made, the audit process has not reached completion, and as such, the company is currently unable to confirm a definitive timeline for the finalisation and filing of the AFS.”
“The company considers it prudent not to provide an anticipated filing date at this time in order to avoid providing information that may subsequently require revision,” it further stated in the statement signed by its scribe, Ms Amaka Obiora.
Caverton assured “its shareholders and the market that it remains fully committed to maintaining the highest standards of financial reporting, transparency, and regulatory compliance,” promising to promptly file the results “upon completion of the audit process.”
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