By Adedapo Adesanya
Nigeria’s unemployment rate stood at 4.1 per cent in the first quarter of 2023, in contrast to 5.3 per cent in the fourth quarter of 2022, the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) said on Thursday, following a revision of how the numbers are now calculated.
The statistics office said this in its Nigeria Labour Force Survey (NLFS) report for Q4 2022 and Q1 2023, launched on Thursday, the first of its kind in over two years.
Business Post had in March 2021 reported that Nigeria’s unemployment rate rose to 33.3 per cent, translating to some 23.2 million people, the highest in at least 13 years and the second-highest rate in the world.
The figure jumped from 27.1 per cent recorded in the second quarter of 2020 amidst Nigeria’s lingering economic crisis, made worse by the coronavirus pandemic. The unemployment rate in the country has more than quadrupled since 2016, when the economy slipped into a recession.
In April 2021, Nigeria’s Minister of Labour at that time, Mr Chris Ngige, claimed that the World Bank questioned the methodology employed by the NBS to generate its employment statistics.
At the time, the NBS dismissed Mr Ngige’s claim, adding that the World Bank never questioned its methodology.
Now, on Thursday, the agency said it has enhanced its methodology of collecting labour market data through the Nigeria Labour Force Survey (NLFS) in line with International Labour Organisation (ILO) guidelines.
“The data collection for the revised NLFS is based on a sample of 35,520 households nationwide.
“It is conducted continuously throughout the year, with national-level results produced quarterly and state-level results at the end of a full year,” the NBS said.
A breakdown of the new report showed that About three-quarters of working-age Nigerians were employed 73.6 per cent in Q4 2022 and 76.7 per cent in Q1 2023.
This, the report said, most people were engaged in some jobs for at least one hour a week, for pay or profit.
It said about one-third, equivalent to 36.4 per cent in Q4 2022 and 33.2 per cent in Q1 2023, of employed persons worked less than 40 hours per week in both quarters.
“This was most common among women, individuals with lower levels of education, young people, and those living in rural areas.
“The underemployment rate, which is a share of employed people working less than 40 hours per week and declaring themselves willing and available to work more, was 13.7 per cent in Q4 2022 and 12.2 per cent in Q1 2023,” it said.
The NBS said the share of wage employment was 13.4 per cent in Q4 2022 and 11.8 per cent in Q1 2023.
“Most Nigerians operate their businesses or engage in farming activities. The shares are 73.1 per cent and 75.4 per cent in Q4 2022 and Q1 2023, respectively.
“A further 10.7 per cent in Q4 2022 and 10.6 per cent in Q1 2023 were engaged in helping in a household business,” it said.
In Q4 2022, 2.6 per cent were engaged as Apprentices/Interns and 2.2 per cent in Q1 2023.
“Unemployment stood at 5.3 per cent in Q4 2022 and 4.1 per cent in Q1 2023.
“This aligns with the rates in other developing countries where work, even if only for a few hours and in low-productivity jobs, is essential to make ends meet, particularly in the absence of any social protection for the unemployed,” the NBS said.
It noted that 22.3 per cent of the working-age population was out of the labour force in Q4 2022, while it was 20.1 per cent in Q1 2023.
Modupe Gbadeyanka