Technology

Affordability Barrier to Internet Access in Nigeria—Research

Published

7 years ago

02/08/2017

By Dipo Olowookere

Compelling Mozilla-backed research, carried out by Research ICT Africa, finds that significant barriers to internet access remains in four African countries – Rwanda, Kenya, Nigeria and South Africa.

The research aims to understand, from a comparative perspective, how the citizens use the internet when data is subsidised and when it is not.

Knowing that affordability is one of the primary barriers to Internet access and particular optimal use, the main objective of the focus groups was to obtain qualitative information that reflects the perceptions of female and male Internet users, new users, and non-Internet users from urban and rural locations about how people use the Internet.

A 2016 International Telecommunications Union report estimates that only about 25 percent of the population of Africa has access to the internet.

It was discovered that in all the countries, across demographics, access to subsidised data did not result significantly in new users going online.

Also, use of subsidised data is just one of many strategies employed by users to manage costs in these four African countries.

Furthermore, uptake of zero rating varied across the four countries. Awareness was low and scepticism of free services was high in Nigeria, whereas in Rwanda bundles with unlimited WhatsApp and Facebook were very popular. In Kenya and South Africa, the zero-rated services were welcomed for their cost-reducing nature.

In addition, there was substantial interest and uptake in Equal Rating-compliant, partially subsidized data bundles that provide access to the entire internet not just some parts of it (e.g., Cell C’s offering of 250MB between 1 am and 7 am for R6 in South Africa or an MTN bundle in Rwanda for Rwf 800 (USD 0.96) that provide 24 hours unlimited data).

Likewise, poor network quality and coverage limited the consumption of subsidised data since some respondents, especially in rural areas of Kenya, Rwanda and South Africa, reported that telcos with those offerings did not have coverage in their area. Indeed, many of these users only have access via the most expensive operator in that country.

Equally, women face additional barriers to internet use, including concern of being exposed to inappropriate content online and its consequences in their intimate relationships and family responsibilities.

“Our research reveals that a significant urban-rural divide remains in opportunities to access the internet.” said Dr Alison Gillwald, Executive Director of Research ICT Africa. “Too often the debate over zero rating glosses over the fact that many people in rural communities don’t even have access to the best subsidized offerings and have to spend largely disproportionate amounts of their already low income on mobile access, and that’s assuming they can even find electricity to charge their devices.”

“Given all the controversy around zero rating, it’s surprising to see how few research respondents in these African countries actually use or depend on zero rated data. We are, however, seeing a lot of interest in Equal Rating compliant models which provide access to all of the internet, not just some parts of it,” said Jochai Ben-Avie, Senior Global Policy Manager at Mozilla. “More must be done to connect the unconnected. This research makes clear that it’s critical we all focus more on barriers like healthy competition outside urban areas, electricity, digital literacy, and gender power relations.”

Mozilla-backed research reveals affordability a barrier to internet access in Nigeria

Zero rated services are still relatively new to the Nigerian market, with Airtel launching Facebook’s Free Basics and Facebook Flex only last year. Awareness and use of zero rating remains low in Nigeria, a country which enjoys some of the cheapest data prices in Africa.

Results of the research showed that many rural users see the internet as their access to the civilized world and the gateway to the places around the globe where they have friends and family.

In addition, overall awareness and use of the internet has gained traction especially as social interactions, business or career enabler, and majority of participants, whether in rural or urban areas, rank the purchase of data high on their personal expense list.

Furthermore, there is a general belief that mobile network operators charge a hidden tariff, and whatever airtime is on the phone will be eventually deducted by the operator if one subscribes to a subsidized service.

Also, many non-users want to use a “big phone” (a smartphone) and would rather wait until they can afford one than use a more limited version of the internet.

Though the price of brand new smartphones keeps dropping and they can be bought for as low as $20, affordability challenges persist.

“Even in a country with some of the lowest rates for data and devices in Africa, the cost of buying a smartphone in Nigeria is still a challenge for many,” said Dr Alison Gillwald, Executive Director or Research ICT Africa. “Affordability gets disproportionate attention, but we need to do much more to improve digital literacy and supply side issues like network quality and speed.”

“This research demonstrates that Nigerians want access to all of the internet, not just some parts of it,” said Jochai Ben-Avie, Senior Global Policy Manager at Mozilla. “If we’re to bring all the internet to all people, we need to do more to improve digital literacy and understanding of the internet, especially among low-income individuals and those in rural and deep rural communities. At Mozilla we believe in equal rating for all internet users so that this shared global resource is not held hostage by the wealthy.”

Mozilla-backed research reveals Kenyans offline due to prohibitive costs and security fears

The Communications Authority of Kenya reports that some 38 million people – about 82 percent of the population – were online in 2016. The four mobile operators in the country have 4G internet connections on mobile but not in all parts of the country.

Researchers’ gathered that social media tops the list of uses for the internet and there is even a perception among some users that the internet is about social media just like the price of data bundles and internet-enabled phones render the cost of doing what most users want to do online prohibitive to many.

Also, strategic solutions for high costs include working late into the night before reward bundle periods expire, visiting friends who have Wi-Fi at home, and using multiple promotions from different operators, while even when people have smartphones, they do not always carry them for offline security reasons. In particular, there are concerns that, thieves may frequent areas with free public Wi-Fi in order to steal patrons’ internet enabled devices.

Furthermore, national network coverage was seen to be a challenge for both voice and data particularly in rural areas.

“While internet access is good in Kenya relative to elsewhere in Africa, real barriers remain to internet use,” said Research ICT Africa Executive Director Dr Alison Gillwald. “If we don’t look beyond access issues to the real concerns around privacy and security, for example, we’ll never bring all of the internet to all people.”

“One participant in this study reported concerns about getting skin cancer from their phone, proving there’s a lot more we still need to do to improve digital (and health) literacy,” said Mozilla Senior Global Policy Manager Jochai Ben-Avie. “At the same time, Kenyan internet penetration is on par with some of the most developed countries, and that’s due to the ingenuity of Kenyans to find ways to connect despite the relatively high cost of data.”

Mozilla-backed research reveals heavy use of subsidized data in Rwanda

Internet use and access in Rwanda has been exploding largely due to the Government of Rwanda’s Vision 2020 to enable Rwanda to leap-frog the key stages of industrialization and transform her agro-based economy into a service, information-rich and knowledge-based one that is globally competitive. While internet penetration is relatively high, the diversity of content accessed by participants in this study is relatively low. This is of concern.

Results of the research showed that most participants only use a very limited number of websites and services, and make heavy use of subsidized data.

While the use of subsidized data services allows mobile network operators to retain a large number of subscribers that use the internet, an Airtel representative was quoted as saying the company is considering ending their current zero rating offers because the majority of users that are benefiting from zero rated services are no longer using other services, and therefore are not spending on data.

It was also found out that the types of bundles and packs from the three MNOs keep changing almost every week due to tough competition going on, and some promotion offers – including zero rated services – are not even publicized on the website to prevent competitors access to the information.

In addition, the majority of participants with mid or high income when asked how they would react if subsidized data was no longer available, responded that they may reduce the time spent on the internet, while participants with low incomes responded that they may stop using the internet.

Significant access barriers remain, especially in remote areas, including the cost of data as well as illiteracy and lack of understanding of foreign languages to manipulate devices and understand internet content, the research discovered.

“Rwanda has been a real leader in bringing people online, including through innovative models like internet connected buses and other public Wi-Fi efforts,” said Dr Alison Gillwald, Executive Director or Research ICT Africa. “The limited number of sites and services Rwandans use points to the need for the government and other stakeholders to consider issues beyond access that leave many Rwandans accessing just a small part of the internet.”

“While it’s inspiring to see the boom in internet access in Rwanda, many Rwandans are still stuck in the walled gardens of subsidized services and haven’t experienced the full diversity of the open internet,” said Jochai Ben-Avie, Mozilla’s Senior Global Policy Manager. “Rwanda is a fascinating testbed of different experiments in connecting the unconnected and we hope the Government of Rwanda and other stakeholders will focus on solutions like Equal Rating that seek to bring all of the internet to all people.”

The research sees opportunity and a greater outlook in the future of internet use for these countries. Infrastructural issues still need to be addressed in rural areas, in particular to increase quality of service, which would allow users to choose any operator offering the cheapest product. The intensity of use could be enhanced through redirecting universal services funds directed at access, often by subsidising the already planned roll out of services, towards supporting the rollout of public Wi-Fi points at all public facilities such as schools, clinics, libraries and police stations.

Other factors limiting the digital participation of the poor and unskilled, particularly women, will require policy interventions than extend way beyond digital policy to the much greater challenges of human development. Without interventions to redress broader social and economic inequality in society more the entry of more sophisticated services and devices will amplify digital inequality.

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Dipo Olowookere

Dipo Olowookere is a journalist based in Nigeria that has passion for reporting business news stories. At his leisure time, he watches football and supports 3SC of Ibadan. Mr Olowookere can be reached via [email protected]

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Technology

The Rise of Web3 Developers: Why This Career Path is the Future of Tech

Published

2 days ago

10/12/2024

Business Post Contributor

As technology advances, the internet is undergoing a revolutionary shift toward decentralization. Known as Web3, this next phase of the internet is redefining how we interact with digital systems by emphasizing transparency, user ownership, and autonomy.

At the heart of this evolution are Web3 developers—professionals whose expertise in blockchain and decentralized systems is driving innovation and creating exciting new opportunities. Pursuing a Web3 career is not just about adapting to industry trends; it’s about shaping the future of technology. In this article, we’ll explore why Web3 developers are in high demand and how you can step into this promising field.

What is Web3?

Web3 represents the decentralized evolution of the internet. Unlike its predecessor, Web2, where centralized platforms dominate, Web3 leverages blockchain technology to create an ecosystem that is transparent, secure, and community-driven.

Some of the defining features of Web3 include:

Decentralization: Control is distributed among users rather than being concentrated in a single organization.
Transparency: Blockchain technology ensures that all transactions and operations are open and verifiable.
Automation: Smart contracts allow for self-executing agreements, reducing the need for intermediaries.

This paradigm shift has unlocked immense opportunities, particularly for developers who can create, manage, and enhance Web3 applications.

Why a Web3 Career is the Future

Rapid Growth in Blockchain Technology

Blockchain is no longer just about digital currencies; its applications have expanded to include finance, healthcare, logistics, and gaming, among others.

This rapid adoption is driving an unprecedented demand for Web3 developers to build decentralized applications (dApps) and integrate blockchain solutions across various sectors.

High Demand and Competitive Compensation

The demand for Web3 talent has outpaced supply, making it one of the most lucrative fields in tech. Web3 developers often earn significantly more than traditional developers due to their specialized skills.

Many roles offer remote and flexible working arrangements, enabling global opportunities.

Opportunities for Innovation

Web3 is still in its infancy, making it a playground for innovators. From creating decentralized finance systems to building virtual economies in the metaverse, developers have the chance to work on groundbreaking projects that redefine industries.

Key Skills for a Successful Web3 Career

To excel as a Web3 developer, mastering certain skills is essential:

Programming Knowledge: Proficiency in languages like Solidity, Rust, or Go, commonly used in smart contract and blockchain development.
Blockchain Fundamentals: A deep understanding of how decentralized networks function and their architecture.
Smart Contracts: The ability to design and implement self-executing contracts.
Cryptography: Knowledge of encryption techniques to ensure security in applications.

Soft skills such as adaptability and problem-solving are equally important, given the fast-paced nature of the industry.

Benefits of Pursuing a Web3 Career

A career in Web3 comes with a range of unique advantages:

Global Reach: The decentralized nature of Web3 opens doors to international opportunities without geographical limitations.
Future-Ready Skills: Web3 expertise is increasingly sought after, offering a secure and sustainable career path.
Collaborative Ecosystem: Unlike traditional tech environments, Web3 thrives on open collaboration and community-driven development.
Freedom to Innovate: Developers have the flexibility to experiment and contribute to transformative projects.

Steps to Start Your Web3 Journey

Breaking into a Web3 career may seem challenging, but with a focused approach, it’s entirely achievable. Here’s how to get started:

Understand the Basics

Learn the core concepts of blockchain technology, decentralized systems, and smart contracts.
Explore educational resources, tutorials, and online communities for foundational knowledge.

Develop Technical Skills

Master programming languages and frameworks commonly used in blockchain development.
Familiarize yourself with Web3-specific tools and libraries to streamline your workflow.

Build Projects

Start small by creating basic decentralized applications or experimenting with smart contracts.
Showcase your work in a portfolio to demonstrate your capabilities for a potential employer.

Engage with the Community

Join forums, developer meetups, and hackathons to network with others in the field.
Stay updated on industry trends by following Web3-focused discussions and publications.

Continue Learning

The Web3 space is constantly evolving, so staying up-to-date with advancements is crucial.
Seek out certifications or courses to deepen your expertise and credibility.

Challenges and Future Outlook

While the opportunities in Web3 are immense, they come with challenges. The fast-evolving technology requires developers to continually upskill. Additionally, the regulatory landscape for blockchain and decentralized systems is still developing, which may introduce uncertainties. A Web3 career offers more than just a job—it provides a chance to shape the next wave of technological innovation. As industries embrace decentralization, the demand for Web3 developers will only grow. Whether you’re a seasoned tech professional or someone looking to enter the field, now is the perfect time to explore this exciting career path. By stepping into the world of Web3, you’re not just advancing your skills—you’re becoming part of a movement that’s redefining how we connect, transact, and collaborate online. The future of technology is here, and it’s decentralized. Will you be part of it?

Technology

HubPharm Wins FCMB HERccelerate Women in Tech Programme

Published

2 days ago

09/12/2024

Adedapo Adesanya

By Adedapo Adesanya

HubPharm has emerged as the winner of First City Monument Bank (FCMB)’s HERccelerate Showcase Day held recently at Hub One, FCMB’s Innovation Hub in Yaba, Lagos.

The tech accelerator, powered by FCMB’s SheVentures and Hub One and delivered by 8thGear Hub & Venture Studios, was designed to empower women-led startups in Nigeria with the skills and resources needed to secure funding and scale.

HubPharm was the best out of 10 finalists with Midddleman, a platform simplifying payments for African e-commerce businesses sourcing from China coming second, while Onit, a productivity tool designed for African SMEs, secured third place.

The Showcase Day brought together the finalists selected from over 1,000 applications who pitched their innovative solutions to a panel of judges.

Ms Tope Kareem, the co-founder of the startup explained that HubPharm is a digital platform with a retail pharmacy chain which has delivered over 100,000 medications across 15 cities, ensuring 98 per cent on-time delivery with AI-driven logistics.

We plan to explore more options and ensure Nigerians, both at home and abroad, know the importance of prioritizing their health. This funding will enable us to keep growing and making an impact,” she noted.

Speaking on the HERccelerate initiative, Mrs Nnenna Jacob-Ogogo, Group Head of SheVentures, described it as “a testament to what we can achieve when we invest in women. While this is the first pilot of its kind, it is clear that women in tech have the talent, resilience, and vision to drive innovation.”

She also highlighted SheVentures’ broader impact, noting that over the past five years, they have “scaled businesses through four key pillars: access to finance, knowledge, markets, and networks. Our Zero Interest Loan program has provided over N800 million in funding to women entrepreneurs so far, an unprecedented achievement in the industry.”

The top 10 finalists will get free access to Hub One’s coworking space for a year, valued at over N5 million and will also be supported to scale their businesses.

FCMB’s HERccelerate programme is setting a new standard for supporting women in tech, with plans to accelerate over 200 startups in the next five years. By fostering innovation and inclusion, FCMB is shaping a brighter future for women entrepreneurs in Nigeria.

Technology

AI and Web Development: The Unexpected Partnership That’s Changing Everything

Published

6 days ago

06/12/2024

Business Post Contributor

By eTraverse

That’s Changing Everything

Imagine a web development company that employs Artificial Intelligence (AI) to produce a completely personalized website in a matter of minutes rather than months. That is the real power of AI for web development.

Artificial intelligence technologies have allowed companies like Wix to generate websites 50% faster, and website developers are now able to reduce coding time by up to 40% with the use of AI tools. In addition to increasing user engagement, these developments in website design and development are also establishing new benchmarks for effectiveness and security.

In this blog, we dive into how AI is transforming web development, offering real-world examples, and compelling metrics.

The Evolution of Web Development

Over time, web development has undergone significant change. Static HTML pages were used in the early development of websites, providing little to no interactivity. With the advent of dynamic web apps, websites could become more interactive and visually appealing thanks to JavaScript, CSS, and HTML5.

Rich, dynamic user experiences replaced static material as of this change. To ensure that websites function flawlessly across all devices and screen sizes, responsive design and sophisticated structures are now the main focuses of current web development.

Web interactions are now more seamless and intuitive than ever thanks to these developments, which have raised the bar for website design and development.

The Emergence and Growth of AI

From a theoretical concept, AI has developed into a potent instrument that is revolutionizing the industry. AI first concentrated on developing computers with intelligence like that of humans.

Important turning points include deep learning, that utilizes neural networks to analyse complex data, and machine learning, where algorithms learn from data. Automated language comprehension is made possible by Natural Language Processing (NLP).

Sectors such as healthcare (AI-driven tools have improved diagnostic accuracy by 20%) and finance (AI forecasts market movements with 90% accuracy) have been transformed by these breakthroughs. AI is currently improving website design and development and changing web development.

AI technologies, for instance, can increase user engagement by 35% and speed up coding by 50%. AI has a significant impact on web development and is establishing new benchmarks for productivity and creativity.

AI’s Impact on Web Development

Enhanced User Experience (UX)

User experience (UX) has been completely transformed by AI thanks to its highly tailored and natural interactions. With AI algorithms analyzing user data to provide recommendations and information that is specifically catered to, personalization is at the forefront.
For instance, AI is used by e-commerce giants like Amazon and Netflix to recommend movies and goods to consumers based on their past interactions, making the user experience more relevant and engaging. Because material is tailored to each user’s tastes, this personalized approach can boost user happiness and retention.

Virtual assistants and chatbots are further important applications of AI in UX. These AI-powered solutions effectively respond to consumer questions and support requests while offering immediate help. For example, Sephora’s chatbot improves the overall shopping experience by assisting customers with product discovery and appointment scheduling.

Virtual assistants, such as those powered by AI like Google Assistant and Siri, offer hands-free interaction and seamless integration into daily activities, improving user convenience and engagement.

Automated Coding and Development Tools

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has brought strong tools to the field of automated coding and development that simplify the coding process. Code generation and code management are being revolutionized by AI-powered solutions like GitHub Copilot and code generators.
For instance, GitHub Copilot uses AI to automate repetitive operations and provide code snippets, freeing up developers to work on more intricate project components. This results in more effective and dependable development by cutting down on coding time by up to 40% and lowering the possibility of errors.

Because these technologies provide standard coding methods and minimize the need for intensive manual testing, they help improve developer collaboration. AI incorporation into development workflows increases code quality and speeds up project completion.

SEO and Content Optimization

Significant advancements in SEO and content optimization have also been made by AI. Large volumes of data are analyzed by AI-driven SEO technologies to improve website visibility and ranking by optimizing content for search engines.

AI is used by programs like Clearscope and MarketMuse to assess the relevance of material and offer recommendations that can be implemented. By using a data-driven strategy, material may be made to comply with SEO guidelines and increase organic traffic.
Predictive analytics is also essential for performance monitoring and content production.

Businesses can create content strategies that are in line with future demands thanks to AI algorithms that predict trends and consumer preferences. This proactive strategy aids in sustaining high levels of engagement and adjusting to shifting market dynamics.

Web Security

AI has a significant impact on web security since it provides cutting-edge methods for detecting and reducing security risks. Real-time pattern analysis and anomaly detection capabilities of AI systems enable them to provide early alerts of possible security breaches. To improve overall security, for example, systems such as Darktrace employ AI to monitor network traffic and spot anomalous activity.

Artificial intelligence (AI) further improves automated security testing and vulnerability assessments, enabling ongoing system and web application evaluation. This keeps sensitive data protected and the internet ecosystem secure by guaranteeing that any vulnerabilities are fixed quickly.

Case Studies and Real-World Examples

Websites and apps with artificial intelligence (AI) enhancements are demonstrating the revolutionary potential of AI in web development. Wix’s Artificial Design Intelligence (ADI) is one notable example. Wix ADI employs artificial intelligence (AI) to generate personalized websites by assessing user preferences and content requirements. With this technology, the process of creating a website has been greatly expedited. Development time has been reduced by 50%, enabling enterprises to launch a polished website more rapidly.

Adobe Sensei, an AI and machine learning platform incorporated within Adobe’s toolkit, is another well-known example. Adobe Sensei improves the creation of websites by offering predictive content, automated tagging, and sophisticated image recognition.

For example, Adobe Sensei’s AI-driven solutions can assess user behavior patterns and streamline content distribution, leading to a 30% rise in user engagement and happiness on platforms that make use of these capabilities.

Success examples demonstrate how AI in web development has real benefits. eBay has introduced AI-powered visual search features that let consumers look for products by utilizing photos rather than text. Conversion rates have grown by 20% and user engagement has improved because of this functionality. Shopify’s use of AI to provide tailored product recommendations has increased sales for its merchants by 35%.

These illustrations show how businesses are using AI to improve user experiences, expedite the development process, and produce quantifiable commercial results. The application of AI in web development is becoming more and more important as it makes digital experiences more effective, customized, and interesting.

Challenges and Considerations

AI ethical considerations include biases in AI and data privacy. Keeping people’s trust requires protecting user data while avoiding biased results. AI dependence raises questions regarding dependence, as it may result in job displacement and less supervision from humans.

Technical challenges also include the potentially difficult and resource-intensive integration of AI with current web frameworks and technologies.

Ethical and efficient web development requires striking a balance between these factors and the advantages of artificial intelligence. By addressing these issues, we can minimize any potential negative effects and ensure that AI breakthroughs have a good impact.

AI and Web Development’s Future

Forecasts and patterns indicate that artificial intelligence (AI) will have a greater impact on web development in the future, propelling advancements in automation and user experience.

Website user and device interactions will change because of emerging technologies like AI in AR/VR and IoT, which will provide more connected and immersive experiences. To remain competitive, web developers of the future will need to combine their traditional talents with AI knowledge. It will be essential to master both traditional web development methods and AI technologies in order to create cutting-edge, intelligent web solutions and adjust to changing industry demands.

eTraverse’s Competency in Using AI for Web Development

eTraverse excels in harnessing AI to elevate web development. Leveraging AI, eTraverse enhances website design and development through advanced tools like AI-driven personalization and automated coding solutions.

Our use of machine learning and predictive analytics optimizes user experiences, delivering tailored content and recommendations. With a focus on integrating AI with existing web frameworks, eTraverse ensures seamless, cutting-edge solutions.

Our expertise extends to AI-enhanced SEO and web security, providing comprehensive, data-driven strategies that drive business growth and efficiency. eTraverse’s innovative approach positions them as a leader in AI-powered web development.

Conclusion

With automation, security, and user experience previously unheard of, the industry is being revolutionized by the incorporation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into web development. Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, such as deep learning, machine learning, and Natural Language Processing (NLP), are changing the way websites are created, built, and optimized.

Leading companies, such as eTraverse, are utilizing artificial intelligence (AI) to provide creative solutions that improve website performance and user engagement. Accepting AI simplifies development procedures and creates new opportunities for intelligent, safe, and adaptable web experiences. The revolutionary potential of AI promises a bright future for web development.