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Christianity: Possible Contributions of Solomon to Greek Sophists, Philosophy

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bust of Aristotle

By Nneka Okumazie

There have been all kinds of kingdoms and empires through history. They had their languages, architecture, education, entertainment, wise men, gods, magicians, etc.

Some prominent ones were ancient Egypt, Babylon, Persia, Greek and Roman. There were others around them that got to the peak of power – at some point.

Different kingdoms represent different strides to history. But the Greeks seem to be the most prominent in terms of knowledge – diverging towards science, math, philosophy, astronomy, etc.

The Greeks were so influential that it took many centuries to match and exceed their prowess.

But the Greeks had help, and historical advantage.

It is unlikely that all the knowledge put forth by them were originally conceptualized. There were lots of direct and indirect contributions to what they did. There were loose references as well as lost ones.

It was said that some of the math and astronomy [knowledge] of the Greeks came from Babylon and ancient Egypt. Some also said it could have come from other kingdoms, near or far, before their time.

However, one of the major philosophers, Socrates was thought to be a sophist, but he refuted.

Sophists were more or less itinerant teachers of wisdom, excellence, possibly motivational speakers, etc.

They would have used logic, metaphors, observations, etc. in showing their value. Some taught math, other subjects, but wisdom – was their flashpoint.

It is possible to separate sophistry from mainline philosophy, but the eminence of philosophy in that era would probably not have been possible without [several disguised] additions from sophistry.

Sophists liked to charge fees. The philosopher hated them for it. They liked to advice leaders. It is possible some liked pomp, bombast and were ostentatious.

Maybe the philosophers didn’t follow their style, but there are links between many of the schools of thought in those early philosophy and Greek sophistry.

But where did their sophistry come from?

King Solomon of the United Kingdom of Israel reportedly died around 500 years before the prominence of leading Greek sophist, Protagoras.

There were reports of sophists two hundred years before that time in Greece.

But before that time too, where could their sophistry have come from?

King Solomon was an extraordinary class wise man. He taught. He probably wrote much. He displayed wisdom and had rare intellect.

He received gifts. He had visitors. He had all kind of wives and concubines from all kinds of cultures and worship.

The Book of Proverbs has lots of wisdom, lots of philosophy, lots of psychology, sociology, metaphor, superior logic, etc.

There would have been other biographers of Solomon among his women, or their relatives who came from other places.

There would also have been lots of frequent trips between Israel and other places, for people who wanted their people or place to emulate that kind of diverse success.

Some of the wisdom would have been adapted to take advantage, or for other unintended purposes.

The mention of God in his sayings may have been changed to gods – or one of, when taken to other places.

But it is very likely that Greece from, or after the time of King Solomon benefitted greatly from his knowledge.

Assuming Israel remained together after his death, or assuming he died much later without turning away from the Lord, there probably would have been external kings after him to refer to his greatness.

Scholarship would probably have made references to him – saying the Great King Solomon, of Israel.

But he didn’t end so great [in perfect heart with the Lord] neither did the Kingdom stand subsequently, so there were probably no incentives to give him credit, outside of Jewish – and Christianity history.

Alexander the Great tutored [from age 13 – 16] by Aristotle, conquered Israel during his reign, many centuries after King Solomon, when sophistry, philosophy, science, etc. were already established in Greece.

It is unlikely [the rulers] would not have known or heard about King Solomon or Israel, even if wars or conflicts of that era may be direct, indirect, strategic or stochastic.

Sophists – in general – were so similar to Solomon that it would have been impossible for them to succeed without the influence of Solomon.

A few hundred years between existences interlinks knowledge beyond any doubts. There so many contemporaneous knowledge that were established from actions or writing five centuries ago.

Those saying it now may not know, or acknowledge, or somethings may be lost from the recent people they read or heard, but knowledge gets passed on, even faster, especially one that strikes certain people of certain interest in a society.

So, if Greek sophistry – and by extension, their philosophy came from Solomon, or Israel, isn’t that additional evidence that God, a spirit, exists?

Ancient Greeks are highly regarded in modern science, but maybe they were also deficient in major citations, outside their people.

Maybe they were so interested in their individual or group influence that they needed to be seen as starters, or obsessed with delivering new and original knowledge.

There were lots of ancient Greek historians referenced and famous at that time, but they mostly wrote about wars, their gods, and other places like Egypt – with story in the scriptures. It doesn’t seem their historians sought the [source of knowledge] for Greek philosophy or sophistry, outside Greece.

There were lots of Roman era writings that referenced the Greeks properly.

What else could the Greeks have benefited for advantage to their civilization that we may never know?

It is important to also see how the world works, or has been from the Greeks.

Same way certain prominent scientists – of recent centuries, would have been inspired by the church, the sparks of wisdom and magnificence of heaven but turned against as they started achieving glory.

There were some Greek sophists that were atheists – probably to their own gods, or maybe to Jehovah.

It was also said that some Greek playwrights or poets mocked the gods of the Greeks, so Plato wanted, or wished they’d be banished, or censored.

So, scholars or people of knowledge have direct and indirect sources they respect, or were inspired by or from, or sources they also come to hate, or antagonize.

And just like science has succeeded for years in criticizing Christianity, conspiracy theory has come against science and technology to bring down its progress faster than can be anticipated.

Conspiracy theories and propaganda are common everywhere, but with advances, there are now many credible conspiracy theories, showing reports, evidence, of people or places in a situation that seem convincing and believable, but are an absolute sham – able to inflict unprecedented damage.

Science has evidence that the world existed outside Bible history, but modern science was inspired by the Greeks whose philosophy and sophistry was far inspired by King Solomon, son of another King, a man after God, the creator’s, heart.

Science and technology people around the world are yet to understand the problem they have with conspiracy theories. It may seem like nothing, but the wave of conspiracy theories that is ahead is more dangerous than any witnessed disasters or diseases in history.

Already, there’s a pandemic, some people and leaders saying it’s a hoax are instigating rebellion against caution. The consequences cannot be estimated for now. Still, worse conspiracy theories are ahead.

There are all kinds of psychology problems around the world, and people who need Christianity are against it because of what some atheist said. Atheist, atheists, limited by what they can see, think, understand or how long they can live, said God, the King of kings, did not create this world.

The greatest philosophy is likely the philosophy of death – which everyone or anything ends.

Jesus, the Saviour, already conquered – death and hell.

Everything may seem important, but the valuable treasures are true love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faith, gentleness, self-control.

[Isaiah 40:28, Hast thou not known? hast thou not heard, that the everlasting God, the Lord, the creator of the ends of the earth, fainteth not, neither is weary? there is no searching of His understanding.]

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How Christians Can Stay Connected to Their Faith During This Lenten Period

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Lenten Period

It’s that time of year again, when Christians come together in fasting and prayer. Whether observing the traditional Lent or entering a focused period of reflection, it’s a chance to connect more deeply with God, and for many, this season even sets the tone for the year ahead.

Of course, staying focused isn’t always easy. Life has a way of throwing distractions your way, a nosy neighbour, a bus driver who refuses to give you your change, or that colleague testing your patience. Keeping your peace takes intention, and turning off the noise and staying on course requires an act of devotion.

Fasting is meant to create a quiet space in your life, but if that space isn’t filled with something meaningful, old habits can creep back in. Sustaining that focus requires reinforcement beyond physical gatherings, and one way to do so is to tune in to faith-based programming to remain spiritually aligned throughout the period and beyond.

On GOtv, Christian channels such as Dove TV channel 113, Faith TV and Trace Gospel provide sermons, worship experiences and teachings that echo what is being practised in churches across the country.

From intentional conversations on Faith TV on GOtv channel 110 to true worship on Trace Gospel on channel 47, these channels provide nurturing content rooted in biblical teaching, worship, and life application. Viewers are met with inspiring sermons, reflections on scripture, and worship sessions that help form a rhythm of devotion. During fasting periods, this kind of consistent spiritual input becomes a source of encouragement, helping believers stay anchored in prayer and mindful of God’s presence throughout their daily routines.

To catch all these channels and more, simply subscribe, upgrade, or reconnect by downloading the MyGOtv App or dialling *288#. You can also stream anytime with the GOtv Stream App.

Plus, with the We Got You offer, available until 28th February 2026, subscribers automatically upgrade to the next package at no extra cost, giving you access to more channels this season.

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Turning Stolen Hardware into a Data Dead-End

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Apu Pavithran Turning Stolen Hardware

By Apu Pavithran

In Johannesburg, the “city of gold,” the most valuable resource being mined isn’t underground; it’s in the pockets of your employees.

With an average of 189 cellphones reported stolen daily in South Africa, Gauteng province has become the hub of a growing enterprise risk landscape.

For IT leaders across the continent, a “lost phone” is rarely a matter of a misplaced device. It is frequently the result of a coordinated “snatch and grab,” where the hardware is incidental, and corporate data is the true objective.

Industry reports show that 68% of company-owned device breaches stem from lost or stolen hardware. In this context, treating mobile security as a “nice-to-have” insurance policy is no longer an option. It must function as an operational control designed for inevitability.

In the City of Gold, Data Is the Real Prize

When a fintech agent’s device vanishes, the $300 handset cost is a rounding error. The real exposure lies in what that device represents: authorised access to enterprise systems, financial tools, customer data, and internal networks.

Attackers typically pursue one of two outcomes: a quick wipe for resale on the secondary market or, far more dangerously, a deep dive into corporate apps to extract liquid assets or sellable data.

Clearly, many organisations operate under the dangerous assumption that default manufacturer security is sufficient. In reality, a PIN or fingerprint is a flimsy barrier if a device is misconfigured or snatched while unlocked. Once an attacker gets in, they aren’t just holding a phone; they are holding the keys to copy data, reset passwords, or even access admin tools.

The risk intensifies when identity-verification systems are tied directly to the compromised device. Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA), widely regarded as a gold standard, can become a vulnerability if the authentication factor and the primary access point reside on the same compromised device. In such cases, the attacker may not just have a phone; they now have a valid digital identity.

The exposure does not end at authentication. It expands with the structure of the modern workforce.

65% of African SMEs and startups now operate distributed teams. The Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) culture has left many IT departments blind to the health of their fleet, as personal devices may be outdated or jailbroken without any easy way to know.

Device theft is not new in Africa. High-profile incidents, including stolen government hardware, reinforce a simple truth: physical loss is inevitable. The real measure of resilience is whether that loss has any residual value. You may not stop the theft. But you can eliminate the reward.

Theft Is Inevitable, Exposure is Not

If theft cannot always be prevented, systems must be designed so that stolen devices yield nothing of consequence. This shift requires structured, automated controls designed to contain risk the moment loss occurs.

Develop an Incident Response Plan (IRP)
The moment a device is reported missing, predefined actions should trigger automatically: access revocation, session termination, credential reset and remote lock or wipe.

However, such technical playbooks are only as fast as the people who trigger them. Employees must be trained as the first line of defence —not just in the use of strong PINs and biometrics, but in the critical culture of immediate reporting. In high-risk environments, containment windows are measured in minutes, not hours.

Audit and Monitor the Fleet Regularly

Control begins with visibility. Without a continuous, comprehensive audit, IT teams are left responding to incidents after damage has occurred.

Opting for tools like Endpoint Detection and Response (EDR) allows IT teams to spot subtle, suspicious activities or unusual access attempts that signal a compromised device.

Review Device Security Policies
Security controls must be enforced at the management layer, not left to user discretion. Encryption, patch updates and screen-lock policies should be mandatory across corporate devices.

In BYOD environments, ownership-aware policies are essential. Corporate data must remain governed by enterprise controls regardless of device ownership.

Decouple Identity from the Device
Legacy SMS-based authentication models introduce avoidable risk when the authentication channel resides on the compromised handset. Stronger identity models, including hardware tokens, reduce this dependency.

At the same time, native anti-theft features introduced by Apple and Google, such as behavioural theft detection and enforced security delays, add valuable defensive layers. These controls should be embedded into enterprise baselines rather than treated as optional enhancements.

When Stolen Hardware Becomes Worthless

With POPIA penalties now reaching up to R10 million or a decade of imprisonment for serious data loss offences, the Information Regulator has made one thing clear: liability is strict, and the financial fallout is absolute. Yet, a PwC survey reveals a staggering gap: only 28% of South African organisations are prioritising proactive security over reactive firefighting.

At the same time, the continent is battling a massive cybersecurity skills shortage. Enterprises simply do not have the boots on the ground to manually patch every vulnerability or chase every “lost” terminal. In this climate, the only viable path is to automate the defence of your data.

Modern mobile device management (MDM) platforms provide this automation layer.

In field operations, “where” is the first indicator of “what.” If a tablet assigned to a Cape Town district suddenly pings on a highway heading out of the city, you don’t need a notification an hour later—you need an immediate response. An effective MDM system offers geofencing capabilities, automatically triggering a remote lock when devices breach predefined zones.

On Supervised iOS and Android Enterprise devices, enforced Factory Reset Protection (FRP) ensures that even after a forced wipe, the device cannot be reactivated without organisational credentials, eliminating resale value.

For BYOD environments, we cannot ignore the fear that corporate oversight equates to a digital invasion of personal lives. However, containerization through managed Work Profiles creates a secure boundary between corporate and personal data. This enables selective wipe capabilities, removing enterprise assets without intruding on personal privacy.

When integrated with identity providers, device posture and user identity can be evaluated together through multi-condition compliance rules. Access can then be granted, restricted, or revoked based on real-time risk signals.

Platforms built around unified endpoint management and identity integration enable this model of control. At Hexnode, this convergence of device governance and identity enforcement forms the foundation of a proactive security mandate. It transforms mobile fleets from distributed risk points into centrally controlled assets.

In high-risk environments, security cannot be passive. The goal is not recovery. It is irrelevant, ensuring that once a device leaves authorised hands, it holds no data, no identity leverage, and no operational value.

Apu Pavithran is the CEO and founder of Hexnode

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Daniel Koussou Highlights Self-Awareness as Key to Business Success

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Ambassador Daniel Kossouno

By Adedapo Adesanya

At a time when young entrepreneurs are reshaping global industries—including the traditionally capital-intensive oil and gas sector—Ambassador Daniel Koussou has emerged as a compelling example of how resilience, strategic foresight, and disciplined execution can transform modest beginnings into a thriving business conglomerate.

Koussou, who is the chairman of the Nigeria Chapter of the International Human Rights Observatory-Africa (IHRO-Africa), currently heads the Committee on Economic Diplomacy, Trade and Investment for the forum’s Nigeria chapter. He is one of the young entrepreneurs instilling a culture of nation-building and leadership dynamics that are key to the nation’s transformation in the new millennium.

The entrepreneurial landscape in Nigeria is rapidly evolving, with leaders like Koussou paving the way for innovation and growth, and changing the face of the global business climate. Being enthusiastic about entrepreneurship, Koussou notes that “the best thing that can happen to any entrepreneur is to start chasing their dreams as early as possible. One of the first things I realised in life is self-awareness. If you want to connect the dots, you must start early and know your purpose.”

Successful business people are passionate about their business and stubbornly driven to succeed. Koussou stresses the importance of persistence and resilience. He says he realised early that he had a ‘calling’ and pursued it with all his strength, “working long weekends and into the night, giving up all but necessary expenditures, and pressing on through severe setbacks.”

However, he clarifies that what accounted for an early success is not just tenacity but also the ability to adapt, to recognise and respond to rapidly changing markets and unexpected events.

Ambassador Koussou is the CEO of Dau-O GIK Oil and Gas Limited, an indigenous oil and natural gas company with a global outlook, delivering solutions that power industries, strengthen communities, and fuel progress. The firm’s operations span exploration, production, refining, and distribution.

Recognising the value of strategic alliances, Koussou partners with business like-minds, a move that significantly bolsters Dau-O GIK’s credibility and capacity in the oil industry. This partnership exemplifies the importance of building strong networks and collaborations.

The astute businessman, who was recently nominated by the African Union’s Agenda 2063 as AU Special Envoy on Oil and Gas (Continental), admonishes young entrepreneurs to be disciplined and firm in their decision-making, a quality he attributed to his success as a player in the oil and gas sector. By embracing opportunities, building strong partnerships, and maintaining a commitment to excellence, Koussou has not only achieved personal success but has also set a benchmark for future generations of African entrepreneurs.

His journey serves as a powerful reminder that with determination and vision, success is within reach.

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