Banking
CBN Stress Test Shows Weak Capital Signs in Banks
By Modupe Gbadeyanka
A Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) stress test has shown that only large banks will stay above the regulator’s capital adequacy ratio threshold if the non-performing loans levels of the Deposit Money Banks (DMBs) should rise by 50 percent, Punch is reporting.
The results of the stress test were contained in the CBN’s latest Financial Stability Report posted on its website on Thursday.
According to the report, the end-June 2017 banking industry stress test, which covered 20 commercial and four merchant banks, was conducted to evaluate the resilience of the banks to credit, liquidity, interest rate and contagion risks (shocks).
The banking industry was categorised into large banks (those with assets up to N1tn or above); medium banks (those with assets more than N500bn but less than N1tn); and small banks (those with assets up to N500bn or below).
The stress test results stated, “The stress test showed that only large banks could withstand a further deterioration of their NPLs by up to 50 per cent. However, none of the groups withstood the impact of the most severe shock of a 200 per cent increase in the NPLs as their post-shock CARs fell below the 10 per cent minimum prudential requirement.
“The impact of the severe shocks on the banking industry, large, medium and small banks will result in significant solvency shortfall of 15.21, 9.78, 93.42 and 17.53 percentage points from the regulatory minimum of 10 per cent CAR, amounting to N2.77tn, N1.54tn, N0.98tn and N0.25tn, respectively.”
According to the CBN report, the average baseline Capital Adequacy Ratios for the banking industry, large, medium and small banks at the end of June 2017 stood at 11.51, 13.13, -6.71 and 13.54 per cent, respectively.
These represented a decline of 3.27, 2.34 and 19.46 percentage points for the banking industry, large and medium banks, respectively from the position as at end-December 2016.
However, the small banks group grew by 10.40 percentage points from 3.14 to 13.54 per cent
The CBN said the decline in the CARs was attributable to the challenges in the oil and gas sector coupled with the slow recovery in the domestic economy, which resulted to a rise in the NPLs and capital deterioration.
In the sectoral credit concentration risk stress test, the breakdown of banking industry’s total credit by sector showed that, oil and gas sector accounted for 28.83 per cent of the industry credit, while manufacturing, general, information and communications, government and others accounted for 13.76, 8.82, 4.94, 8.53 and 35.12 per cent, respectively at end-December 2016.
The report added, “The results of the stress test of default in exposure to oil and gas sector showed that the banking industry and peered groups, with the exception of medium banks, withstood up to 20 per cent default as their post-shock CARs remained above 10.00 per cent – industry (10.74 per cent), large banks (12.30 per cent) and small banks (13.34 per cent).
“Under a more severe shock of 50 per cent default, only small banks had CARs above 10.00 per cent (12.30 per cent). This showed that banking industry, large and medium banks were more exposed to the credit risk in the oil and gas sector than the small banks.”
The CBN liquidity stress test showed that after a one-day run, the liquidity ratio of the industry declined to 31.5 per cent from the 48.1 per cent pre-shock position, and to 11.8 and 7.9 per cent after a five-day and cumulative 30-day run, respectively.
According to the report, the asset quality of commercial banks declined in the first half of 2017.
The ratio of the NPLs to gross loans increased by 2.2 and 4.3 percentage points to 15.0 per cent at end-June 2017 compared with the levels at end-December 2016 and end-June 2016, respectively.
In his reaction under the Governor’s Statement on the FSR, the CBN Governor, Godwin Emefiele, said, “Reflecting the recession in the first half of 2017, there was noticeable deterioration in banks’ loan portfolios, especially exposures to the oil and gas sector and foreign currency denominated credit.
“To maintain financial system stability, efforts have been intensified to proactively engage operators to effectively manage the associated risks. Also, a framework for the establishment of private asset restructuring companies to acquire non-performing loans from banks and other financial institutions will be released in due course.”
The Deputy CBN Governor, Financial System Stability, Dr. Joseph Nnanna, stated that the regulatory attention was currently focused on ensuring an improvement in the quality of banks’ assets as well as ensuring that the banks contribute effectively to the real sector.
“The disruptions experienced in the economy with declining oil prices and government revenue resulted in an increase in the non-performing loans in the banking industry. The CBN will continue to monitor developments and initiate measures to limit contagion and ensure that financial institutions remain safe and sound,” he added.
The results of the CBN’s stress test were in line with the Article IV Consultation report by the International Monetary Fund, which highlighted the risks the banking sector faced, particularly with regards to solvency ratios of “four small and medium-sized undercapitalised banks,” Afrinvest, a Nigeria-based investment and research firm, said in a research note.
It noted that some of the “small and medium-sized banks are kept afloat through continuous recourse to the CBN’s lending facilities”
The IMF report stated that banks needed to raise their capital buffers hence, the CBN’s directive on dividend payment was a welcome development, while also calling for a broad review of asset quality to unmask potential capital needs.
By Adedapo Adesanya
Nigeria’s newly merged lender, ProvidusUnity Bank, says it hopes to accelerate financial inclusion, strengthen lending capacity, and support Nigeria’s economic growth.
The new bank, made up of Providus Bank and Unity Bank, is set to commence operations as a single unified institution following the successful completion of their business combination and the conclusion of all required regulatory, shareholder, and judicial processes.
A statement from the bank on Sunday stated that the newly formed entity represents a consolidated banking institution positioned to strengthen capitalisation, expand national coverage, deepen financial inclusion, and support Nigeria’s long-term economic ambitions.
The merger brings together Providus Bank’s innovation-driven, customer-centric service model and digital capabilities with Unity Bank’s extensive geographic reach and established market presence, creating a broader platform for retail, SME, and corporate banking services across the country.
The development aligns with ongoing reforms in Nigeria’s financial sector aimed at strengthening institutional resilience, safeguarding depositor confidence, improving competitiveness, and building banks capable of supporting economic transformation.
The bank expressed appreciation to the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) for its role in facilitating the transaction and for its commitment to strengthening the banking system. It also acknowledged the support of shareholders, customers, employees, and other stakeholders.
ProvidusUnity Bank said the merger is expected to enhance Nigeria’s financial sector capacity to mobilise investment, support enterprise development, expand access to credit, and contribute to the country’s aspiration of building a trillion-dollar economy.
Earlier this month, the Supreme Court ordered the transfer of all assets, liabilities and undertakings, including real properties, of Unity Bank to Providus Bank in accordance with the approved Scheme of Merger. The merger between the two lenders was challenged by customers and shareholders of the affected banks, Mr Suleiman Abubakar and Mr Mohammed Goni Modu.
The apex court held that the appeal lacked merit and accordingly dismissed it in its entirety, while imposing costs of N10 million in favour of each respondent. As part of the merger arrangements, the apex court approved a consideration of N3.18 per share or 18 Providus Bank shares of 50 kobo each for every 17 Unity Bank shares held by shareholders.
For customers, the new bank said the integration will deliver expanded access, improved service delivery, stronger technology infrastructure, broader banking channels, and a wider national footprint designed to improve consistency and efficiency of services.
It added that customers should expect continuity in service in the immediate term, with gradual access to enhanced products and broader capabilities over time.
For employees, the bank said the transaction represents continuity, opportunity and stability, adding that it remains committed to retaining talent, preserving institutional knowledge and supporting career growth within the new organisation.
By Modupe Gbadeyanka
The need for stronger collaboration to address climate change, advance conservation and equip young people to lead a more sustainable future has been emphasised by Union Bank.
At a symposium organised to commemorate 2026 World Environment Day in partnership with the Nigerian Conservation Foundation (NCF) at the Lekki Conservation Centre in Lagos, the financial institution urged businesses to match their commitments with action and pointed to the decisive role of finance in shaping a greener economy.
“As a bank that has been part of Nigeria’s story for over a century, Union Bank recognises that sustainable development and environmental responsibility must go hand in hand,” the company’s Chief Brand and Marketing Officer, Mrs Olufunmilola Aluko, stated.
“We believe businesses have a role to play not only in what they say, but also in what they do. Banks play an important role because they help determine where capital flows. The choices financial institutions make about what to fund and what to encourage help shape the kind of economy we build. This is a responsibility we take seriously at Union Bank, and it is one of the reasons gatherings like these matter to us,” she added.
In his keynote address, the Director General of NCF, Mr Joseph Daniel Onoja, framed conservation as a matter of human survival, noting that “nature has placed all the models that we need to be able to live well in it.”
“When we talk about nature conservation or environmental conservation, we’re saying human conservation because nature, Mother Earth, will always take care of herself.
“If we don’t take care of it, it will take care of itself by getting rid of us. Now, it is in our best interest to take care of the earth and learn from her, because she has provided everything we need to do so,” he further submitted.
A panel session featuring secondary school students from within and beyond Lagos brought an intergenerational dimension to the day. The students urged businesses and individuals to prioritise climate-conscious investments and cleaner energy sources, and exhibited innovations that turned waste into interior décor and clean energy.
Their work offered a vivid illustration of Sustainable Development Goal 12 on responsible consumption and production, and of the creativity a younger generation brings to the climate conversation.
This year’s World Environment Day theme, Inspired by Nature. For Climate. For Our Future, and the event, reflected a growing global consensus, captured in Sustainable Development Goal 13 on climate action and Sustainable Development Goal 17 on partnerships, that no single institution can meet the climate challenge alone.
By Adedapo Adesanya
The Bank of Agriculture (BOA) has unveiled a strategic roadmap aimed at modernising its operations, expanding grassroots financial inclusion and accelerating agricultural transformation in line with the Federal Government’s food security agenda.
The chief executive of the bank, Mr Ayodeji Sotinrin, disclosed this in a statement issued on Friday that the institution is implementing operational upgrades and forging strategic partnerships to improve the delivery of agricultural intervention programmes and empower smallholder farmers across the country.
According to the statement, the BOA is strengthening its agricultural delivery architecture by expanding collaborations with state-level delivery platforms, licensed input suppliers and international development partners.
A key component of the strategy is a recently signed Memorandum of Understanding with the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), aligning the bank’s revitalisation agenda with the UN agency’s Integrated Smart States Programme.
The bank said the partnership would help transform Nigeria’s agricultural sector into an investment-ready system capable of attracting blended and climate finance while supporting the One Million Hectare Tree Crop Initiative, described as a presidential priority expected to boost commercial agriculture, job creation and export diversification.
“Our vision for the Bank of Agriculture is to deploy capital in an intelligent, smart, and highly efficient way to reposition the institution as a catalyst for food security and rural prosperity. We are bringing everyone into the financial net, especially the youthful population of farmers in our hinterlands, to create a new, resilient food system for Nigeria,” Mr Sotinrin said.
The bank also disclosed that it had overhauled its verification framework to eliminate fraudulent beneficiaries and ensure interventions reached genuine farmers.
According to the statement, the new credit profiling process incorporates Bank Verification Number checks, Know Your Customer protocols and GPS farm mapping to strengthen transparency and accountability in loan disbursement.
Commenting on the initiative, the National President of the All Farmers Association of Nigeria, Muhammad Magaji, endorsed the verification measures while urging quicker loan disbursement.
“The All Farmers Association of Nigeria recognises the critical role the Bank of Agriculture plays in shielding our farmers from exorbitant commercial interest rates. While we continuously advocate for faster disbursement cycles to match planting seasons, we stand with the BOA on the need for strict verification.
“It is the only way to ensure that these interventions reach the genuine smallholder farmers who actually till the soil, rather than ‘political farmers.’ We remain committed to working closely with the BOA management to fine-tune this delivery framework,” he added.
The BOA further said it is modernising its nationwide operations by deploying digital farmer systems, agency banking models and solar-powered infrastructure across its 110 branches to improve service delivery in rural communities.
It added that recent ICT infrastructure support from the UNDP would strengthen its digital transformation efforts and enable the bank to provide financial and extension services directly to farmers.
The bank said it would continue engaging commodity associations, verified grassroots cooperatives and other agricultural stakeholders through town hall meetings and working groups to identify genuine beneficiaries and support the implementation of the National Agri-food System Investment Plan.
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