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EXPLAINER: Understanding CBN’s 0.5% Cybersecurity Levy

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CBN Ways and Means

By Adedapo Adesanya

On Monday, May 6, 2024, the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) directed all financial institutions, including commercial banks and others to deduct a 0.5 per cent cybersecurity levy on electronic transfers as stipulated in the Cybercrime (Prohibition, Prevention, etc) (Amendment) Act 2024.

The directive has since created an uproar among Nigerians as they interpreted it to be that the 0.5 per cent fee would be charged on the value of the funds transferred electronically. For instance, a sum of N1,000 will attract N5, N2,000 to attract N10, N5,000 to attract N50, and so on.

But from the explanation given by the CBN in 2018 when this policy was first implemented, the cybersecurity fee is levied on the service charge by the financial institutions from the originator of the transaction.

For example, if the service charge on the transfer of N10,000 is N50, the 0.5 per cent cybersecurity levy will be charged on the N50, not N10,000, which means apart from paying N50 for Electronic Money Transfer Levy (EMTL), 7.5 per cent Value-Added Tax (VAT), and other fees, the customer will likely pay 25 Kobo as an additional fee for the transaction.

This development is not new. The Cybersecurity Act was first passed in 2015 and introduced a 0.005 per cent levy on electronic transfers. In June 2018, the CBN implemented the policy and directed banks to collect the levy on “electronic transactions occurring in a bank or on a mobile money scheme or any other payment platform that have an accompanying service charge.”

It was explained in 2018 through Mr Dipo Fatokun, who was then the Director Banking and Payments System Department, that “Electronic transactions shall be all financial transactions occurring in the bank or on a Mobile Money Scheme or any other payment platform that have an accompanying service charge; the levy shall be 0.005 per cent of the service charge (exclusive of all tax effects) from all electronic financial transactions occurring in a bank, a Mobile Money Scheme and other Payment Platforms.

“All electronic transactions (both inter and intra) that have an accompanying service charge shall qualify as eligible transactions; the effective date of collection shall be with effect from July 1, 2018.”

Now, the levy has been increased by 900 per cent and covers fintechs, payment service providers, and other financial institutions. These institutions have been mandated to remit the monies to the National Cybersecurity Fund (NCF), which would be administered by the Office of the National Security Adviser (ONSA).

In the latest circular signed by the Director of the Payments System Management Department of the CBN, Mr Chibuzo Efobi; and the Director of the Financial Policy and Regulation Department, Mr Haruna Mustafa, the apex bank emphasised that failure to remit the fees is an offence as stated in Section 44 (8) of the Act and will attract a conviction of not less than 2 per cent of the annual turnover of the defaulting business, amongst others.

“Following the enactment of the Cybercrime (Prohibition, Prevention, etc) (Amendment) Act 2024 and pursuant to the provision of Section 44 (2)(a) of the Act, ‘a levy of 0.5% (0.005) equivalent to a half per cent of all electronic transactions value by the business specified in the Second Schedule of the Act,’ is to be remitted to the National Cybersecurity Fund, which shall be administered by the Office of the National Security Adviser,” a part of the notice said.

While the outbursts have continued, many have also justified the need for the charge, especially with fraud prevalent in the Nigerian financial ecosystem.

Available data released by the Financial Institutions Training Centre (FITC) showed that Nigerian banks lost N2.09 billion to frauds in the fourth quarter of 2023, with mobile emerging as the top channel through which the largest amount was lost. 

According to the report, the N2.09 billion loss recorded in Q4 was a 77.58 per cent increase from the N1.18 billion recorded by the banks in Q3 2024.  

There are also indicators that the number might be higher this year, with the CBN forcing the hands of neobanks like Opay, MoniePoint, PalmPay, and Kuda not to open new accounts.

Despite this new fund, it is not all gloomy as 16 banking transactions are exempted from the CBN’s new cybersecurity levy.

These are Loan disbursements and repayments; Salary payments; Intra-account transfers within the same bank or between different banks for the same customer; Intra-bank transfers between customers of the same bank, Other Financial Institutions’ instructions to their correspondent banks; Interbank placements; Banks’ transfers to CBN and vice-versa; Inter-branch transfers within a bank; and Cheque clearing and settlements.

Others are Letters of Credit; Banks’ recapitalisation-related funding – only bulk funds movement from collection accounts; Savings and deposits, including transactions involving long-term investments such as Treasury Bills, Bonds, and Commercial Papers; Government Social Welfare Programmes transactions e.g. Pension payments; Non-profit and charitable transactions, including donations to registered non-profit organisations or charities; Educational institutions’ transactions, including tuition payments and other transactions involving schools, universities, or other educational institutions; as well as transactions involving the bank’s internal accounts such as suspense accounts, clearing accounts, profit and loss accounts, inter-branch accounts, reserve accounts, nostro and vostro accounts, and escrow accounts.

Adedapo Adesanya is a journalist, polymath, and connoisseur of everything art. When he is not writing, he has his nose buried in one of the many books or articles he has bookmarked or simply listening to good music with a bottle of beer or wine. He supports the greatest club in the world, Manchester United F.C.

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BOA Unveils Roadmap to Boost Agricultural Financing, Food Security

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agric financing

By Adedapo Adesanya

The Bank of Agriculture (BOA) has unveiled a strategic roadmap aimed at modernising its operations, expanding grassroots financial inclusion and accelerating agricultural transformation in line with the Federal Government’s food security agenda.

The chief executive of the bank, Mr Ayodeji Sotinrin, disclosed this in a statement issued on Friday that the institution is implementing operational upgrades and forging strategic partnerships to improve the delivery of agricultural intervention programmes and empower smallholder farmers across the country.

According to the statement, the BOA is strengthening its agricultural delivery architecture by expanding collaborations with state-level delivery platforms, licensed input suppliers and international development partners.

A key component of the strategy is a recently signed Memorandum of Understanding with the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), aligning the bank’s revitalisation agenda with the UN agency’s Integrated Smart States Programme.

The bank said the partnership would help transform Nigeria’s agricultural sector into an investment-ready system capable of attracting blended and climate finance while supporting the One Million Hectare Tree Crop Initiative, described as a presidential priority expected to boost commercial agriculture, job creation and export diversification.

“Our vision for the Bank of Agriculture is to deploy capital in an intelligent, smart, and highly efficient way to reposition the institution as a catalyst for food security and rural prosperity. We are bringing everyone into the financial net, especially the youthful population of farmers in our hinterlands, to create a new, resilient food system for Nigeria,” Mr Sotinrin said.

The bank also disclosed that it had overhauled its verification framework to eliminate fraudulent beneficiaries and ensure interventions reached genuine farmers.

According to the statement, the new credit profiling process incorporates Bank Verification Number checks, Know Your Customer protocols and GPS farm mapping to strengthen transparency and accountability in loan disbursement.

Commenting on the initiative, the National President of the All Farmers Association of Nigeria, Muhammad Magaji, endorsed the verification measures while urging quicker loan disbursement.

“The All Farmers Association of Nigeria recognises the critical role the Bank of Agriculture plays in shielding our farmers from exorbitant commercial interest rates. While we continuously advocate for faster disbursement cycles to match planting seasons, we stand with the BOA on the need for strict verification.

“It is the only way to ensure that these interventions reach the genuine smallholder farmers who actually till the soil, rather than ‘political farmers.’ We remain committed to working closely with the BOA management to fine-tune this delivery framework,” he added.

The BOA further said it is modernising its nationwide operations by deploying digital farmer systems, agency banking models and solar-powered infrastructure across its 110 branches to improve service delivery in rural communities.

It added that recent ICT infrastructure support from the UNDP would strengthen its digital transformation efforts and enable the bank to provide financial and extension services directly to farmers.

The bank said it would continue engaging commodity associations, verified grassroots cooperatives and other agricultural stakeholders through town hall meetings and working groups to identify genuine beneficiaries and support the implementation of the National Agri-food System Investment Plan.

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Banking

PalmPay Calls for Trust, Responsible AI to Drive Payment Ecosystem Innovation

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PalmPay Payment Ecosystem Innovation

By Adedapo Adesanya

Stakeholders, including industry leaders, regulators, and payment experts, have called for stronger infrastructure, responsible artificial intelligence (AI) adoption, and deeper cross-sector collaboration to unlock the next phase of growth in Nigeria’s digital payments ecosystem.

They made the call during the 2026 Digital Pay Expo held in Lagos on June 17 and 18, 2026. This year’s event focused heavily on the transformative role of AI, cybersecurity, cross-border transactions, and deepening financial inclusion across Africa.

Speaking at the event, Dr Rekiya Yusuf, Director of the Payment System Supervision Department at the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN), represented by Mr Chika Ugwueze, Deputy Director, stated that Nigeria’s payment ecosystem is rapidly evolving beyond digital adoption into deeper digital transformation.

According to Dr Yusuf, artificial intelligence is emerging as a critical driver of this shift, particularly in real-time fraud detection and expanding access to underserved populations.

“The goal is to make financial transactions seamless. AI is now driving innovation, helping in real-time fraud detection and helping to expand access,” she said.

She noted, however, that important gaps remain, particularly around infrastructure and inclusion. Building a resilient digital market system in the AI era requires reliable connectivity, robust infrastructure, intentional talent development, and sustained capacity building.

Echoing the regulator’s call for robust ecosystem support, Mr Chika Nwosu, Managing Director of PalmPay Nigeria, said trust, access, and practical financial support remain critical to helping small businesses participate more meaningfully in the formal economy.

He noted that while micro, small, and medium enterprises (SMEs) contribute an impressive 40 per cent to Nigeria’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP), limited access to credit and reliable payment infrastructure continues to slow their ability to grow and scale.

To drive true innovation, Nwosu argued that financial inclusion must move beyond simply opening accounts and enabling basic transactions; it requires building a foundation of trust and tangible economic empowerment.

“SMEs contribute 40 per cent of the country’s GDP. For us at PalmPay, we don’t just provide payment solutions to them, we also support them with financial tools they need to expand and create jobs,” he said.

Mr Nwosu further emphasised the importance of digital literacy, noting that a stronger understanding of digital tools and AI-enabled systems will be essential to building long-term trust and participation across the ecosystem.

The discussions at Digital Pay Expo 2026 reflected a growing consensus across the industry: the future of African digital payments will depend on getting the fundamentals right. That means stronger infrastructure, responsible use of AI, better cybersecurity, and closer collaboration between regulators, fintechs, and other ecosystem players.

For PalmPay, the event reinforced the importance of building a payments ecosystem that is more resilient, more secure, and better equipped to support inclusion and growth at scale.

Founded in 2019, PalmPay has expanded its operations across emerging markets, providing digital financial services ranging from payments and savings to credit and merchant solutions, while supporting financial inclusion through smartphone financing and access to digital banking services.

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Bank Introduces New Vehicle Financing Initiative With 10% Deposit

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Access Bank New Vehicle Financing Initiative

By Aduragbemi Omiyale

A new vehicle financing initiative designed to allow funding support of up to 90 per cent of a vehicle’s value and repayment tenures of more than four years has been introduced by Access Bank Plc.

This is part of the lender’s vehicle asset financing programme aimed at expanding access to vehicle ownership and mobility services across the country.

Application for the service is through a digital process, the bank’s Executive Director of Corporate and Investment Banking Division, Ms Iyabo Soji-Okusanya, disclosed.

Customers can access vehicles from top distributors like CIG Motors, Mikano Motors, Kewalram Motors, Stallion Motors, Elizade JAC, CFAO and other mobility dealers. They can purchase both new and certified pre-owned vehicles through a single process, she added.

“You apply online, and you go home with the keys to your car already in your pocket,” Ms Soji-Okusanya stated, noting that for businesses, the initiative will provide access to vehicles needed for operations while helping dealers improve inventory turnover and unlock capital tied down in unsold stock.

While explaining how the process works, the Group Head of Access Bank Mobility, Mr Ishmael Nwokocha, said the bank spent the last six months engaging dealers and other stakeholders in the automotive value chain before rolling out the programme.

According to him, Nigeria records annual vehicle sales of about 100,000 units, with only about 10 per cent being brand-new vehicles, while the remaining 90 per cent are pre-owned vehicles, adding that rising vehicle prices have significantly reduced affordability for many Nigerians.

“What are we offering today? Come with 10 per cent equity contribution, and we’ll finance the 90 per cent,” Mr Nwokocha said, noting that customers would also have access to insurance, after-sales services, and a digital loan application process that allows applicants, dealers and the bank to monitor progress.

He said the initiative extends beyond individual consumers to corporate organisations, schools, hospitals and other businesses requiring vehicle fleets, revealing plans to expand financing access to operators in the ride-hailing and transport sectors that are currently outside the formal banking system.

On her part, the Group Head of Product and Segment at Access Bank, Ms Chizoba Iheme, said the bank had put measures in place to support customers who encounter financial difficulties during the repayment period, explaining that affected borrowers could seek loan restructuring rather than risk losing their vehicles immediately.

“So long as the vehicle is still valid, it’s still running on the road, we can look at your finance, and then we’ll repackage your loan,” she said, also clarifying that customers are not required to maintain loans for the full approved tenor and can repay outstanding obligations earlier if they choose.

On the scope of the programme, she said financing is available to individuals, corporates and small businesses seeking vehicles for commercial or operational use.

The Managing Director of CIG Motors, Ms Eniola Olutimilehin, whose company is one of the participating dealers, said the partnership would help connect vehicle buyers with financing while supporting mobility and business operations.

She said the collaboration is expected to improve access to vehicles for individuals and entrepreneurs requiring transportation assets for personal and commercial activities.

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