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Fitch Affirms Zenith Bank, UBA, GTBank, Access Bank Ratings

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By Dipo Olowookere

Fitch Ratings has announced affirming the ratings on Zenith Bank, United Bank for Africa (UBA), Guaranty Trust Bank (GTBank) and Access Bank [ZUGA Banks], all with stable outlook.

In a statement issued by the agency, it was stated that the Long-Term Issuer Default Rating (IDR) on Zenith Bank and UBA were left at ‘B+’, while the Long-Term Issuer Default Rating (IDR) on Access Bank was affirmed at ‘B’, the Long-Term Foreign Currency Issuer Default Rating (IDR) on GTBank was affirmed at ‘B+’.

Fitch said the Viability Rating (VR) of Zenith Bank is among the highest it assigned to a Nigerian bank, reflecting the lender’s well-entrenched domestic franchise and market share.

“Zenith Bank is particularly strong in the prime corporate segment with a growing focus on retail banking. The bank’s franchise strength, management quality and clear strategy have allowed it to outperform peers through several cycles,” it said.

It further said the bank’s financial metrics are also strong compared with peers, pointing out that solid earnings generation and profitability (operating profit/risk-weighted assets of 7.1 percent in 1H19) reflect good margins, high levels of non-interest revenue and good cost control. Loan impairment charges have increased moderately and reflect some asset quality deterioration.

According to Fitch, Zenith Bank’s impaired loans/IFRS 9 Stage 3 ratio was 8.5 percent at end-1H19 (slightly up from 9.0 percent at end-2018) with loan loss allowance coverage at a comfortable 90 percent. Impaired loans rose in 2018 from consistently low levels due to a single large problem loan, highlighting the bank’s sensitivity to credit concentrations by obligor and industry.

It said the bank’s high capitalisation is a rating strength, with a regulatory total capital adequacy ratio of 23.4 percent at end-1H19, saying this is comfortably above the minimum 15 percent regulatory requirement (excluding its DSIB buffer).

For UBA, Fitch said its VR also reflects a strong franchise in Nigeria, as highlighted by market shares and a sizeable retail and current and savings accounts (CASA) deposit base, which translates into pricing power over smaller peers.

UBA’s overall franchise, Fitch said, is strengthened by a network of 19 subsidiaries across Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries outside of Nigeria, which positions the bank to serve corporate customers operating across the continent and capitalise on trade flows. Operations across the rest of Africa (28% of assets at end-1H19; 41% of net income in 2018) provide a valuable source of diversification, particularly given the small contribution of each country.

It said execution on strategy has been particularly strong, as highlighted by exceptional retail deposit growth, increasing earnings contributions from the rest of Africa business and generally strong financial performance during challenging economic conditions.

However, it noted that loan quality remains weak as its impaired (Stage 3 under IFRS 9) loans ratio (5.6 percent at end-1H19) remains low relative to the sector average, but a large stock of Stage 2 loans (24 percent of gross loans at end-1H19) that are concentrated by single-borrower and derive from troubled sectors such as power and oil and gas, present a risk to UBA’s financial profile.

On the part of GTBank, Fitch said the IDRs and National Ratings are driven by the bank’s intrinsic creditworthiness, as defined by its VR, the highest assigned to a Nigerian bank. It said the VR also considers the bank’s strong financial metrics and high performance ratios, comfortable capital buffers and highly concentrated loan book.

It said the lender’s strong earnings support capitalisation and capital adequacy is a rating strength.

“GTB’s Fitch Core Capital/risk weighted assets ratio reached a high 26.7% at end-June 2019 and the bank’s internal target is to maintain regulatory capital ratios in excess of 17%, comfortably above the 15% prudential minimum required.

“Asset quality ratios compare well with peers and efforts to recover impaired loans are proving successful. The impaired loans/total loans ratio is on a declining trend, improving to 6.8% at end-June 2019. Loan loss reserve coverage reached 80%, which appears adequate considering available collateral. GTB’s IFRS 9 Stage 2 loans were equivalent to approximately 11% of loans at end-June 2019, which is broadly in line with close peers,” it said.

Fitch further said GTBank’s balance sheet is liquid. Loan deleveraging continued in 1H19, while deposit inflows are still positive (up 6%). Excess liquidity continues to be invested into Nigerian government securities. Regulatory pressure to encourage banks to lend to the real economy may result in positive loan growth during 2H19. Liquidity management is sound in both foreign and local currency.

For Access Bank, the rating agency said the acquisition of Diamond Bank in the first quarter of 2019 increased the lender’s consolidated assets by around 30 percent, creating Nigeria’s largest bank, with a 23 percent share of deposits (previously 11 percent).

“Following the acquisition, Access Bank’s traditional corporate business model is more balanced across retail and SME segments. Management’s objectives are to pursue a retail-focused, digitally-driven, growth strategy and position the bank as a regional leader in Africa.

“If achieved, this will boost Access Bank’s profile, but factors such as franchise, business model and strategic objectives currently have only a moderate influence on the bank’s ratings,” it said.

It added that, Diamond Bank’s asset quality was weak but management is successfully executing on a plan to write off impaired loans and focus on recoveries. The impaired (Stage 3) loans/gross loans ratio, which had exceeded 10% immediately following Diamond’s acquisition, fell back to 6.8% at end-June 2019.

This is broadly in line with ratios displayed by the most highly rated Nigerian banks (around 7%) but Access Bank’s share of Stage 2 loans as a proportion of gross loans is still fairly high at around 20%. Total loan loss coverage of Stage 3 loans is high at 112% (49% immediately post-acquisition), but specific coverage of Stage 2 loans is still low.

Dipo Olowookere is a journalist based in Nigeria that has passion for reporting business news stories. At his leisure time, he watches football and supports 3SC of Ibadan. Mr Olowookere can be reached via [email protected]

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Banking

VAT on USSD, Mobile Transfer Fees Not Introduced by Nigeria Tax Act—NRS

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USSD War

By Modupe Gbadeyanka

The Nigeria Revenue Service (NRS) has denied reports that customers performing financial transactions would pay a Value Added Tax (VAT) of 7.5 per cent from January 19, 2026.

Information about this emanated from messages sent out to customers of a financial institution, informing them of the new development in compliance of Nigeria’s new tax laws, especially the Nigeria Tax Act 2025.

It was claimed that Nigerians, as part of efforts of the government to generate more funds from taxes, would begin to pay VAT for the use of banking services like USSD and others.

But reacting in a statement signed by its management on Thursday, January 15, 2026, the tax collecting agency emphasised that the VAT collection for such services was not new.

It stressed that customers have always paid taxes for electronic money transfers and others, as this is charged on the fee, not from the main amount of the transaction.

“The Nigeria Revenue Service wishes to address and correct misleading narratives circulating in sections of the media suggesting that Value Added Tax (VAT has been newly introduced on banking services, fees, commissions, or electronic money transfers. This claim is categorically incorrect.

“VAT has always applied to fees, commissions, and charges for services rendered by banks and other financial institutions under Nigeria’s long-established VAT regime. The Nigeria Tax Act did not introduce VAT on banking charges, nor (sic) did it impose new tax obligation on customers in this regard.

“The Nigeria Revenue Service urges members of the public and all stakeholders to disregard misinformation and to rely exclusively on official communications for accurate, authoritative, and up-to-date tax information,” the statement read.

Business Post reports that what this basically means is that if a customer sends N10,000 and the bank charges N50 for the service, a 7.5 per cent VAT on the N50, which is N3.75, would be paid by the sender, not N750, which is 7.5 per cent of N10,000.

VAT on banking fees

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Paystack Enters Banking Space With Ladder Microfinance Bank Acquisition

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Paystack

By Adedapo Adesanya

Nigerian-born payments company, Paystack, has announced its entry into the banking sector with the launch of Paystack Microfinance Bank (Paystack MFB) after the acquisition of Ladder Microfinance Bank.

The bank continues Paystack’s push into consumer products and adds a banking layer to its business-focused payment product, coming ten years after the company was founded with the goal of simplifying payments for businesses using modern technology.

In Nigeria alone, the company says its systems process trillions of Naira every month, supporting more than 300,000 businesses and millions of customers. According to Paystack, this growth highlighted a broader need beyond payments, prompting the decision to build a more comprehensive financial offering.

Paystack MFB will begin lending to businesses before expanding to consumers. It will also offer banking-as-a-service (BaaS) products to companies building financial products and treasury management products.

The company explained that while payments are a critical part of the financial journey, businesses and individuals increasingly require a full financial operating system. This includes the ability to store money securely, move funds easily, gain clarity from financial data, and access tools that support long-term growth. Developers, Paystack added, also need reliable, secure, and compliant infrastructure to build new financial solutions efficiently.

To address these needs, Paystack said it has established Paystack Microfinance Bank as a separate and independent entity from Paystack Payments Limited.

The new microfinance bank operates with its own license, governance structure, and product roadmap, although it will work closely with its sister company.

“By adding Paystack MFB to our family of brands, we’re finding the right balance through combining the rapid innovation of a tech-first platform with the stability of traditional banking,” said Ms Amandine Lobelle, Paystack’s chief operating officer.

Last year, it launched its controversial consumer payments app Zap, and now it is taking a step further with the company securing regulatory backing to become a deposit-taking institution. According to a statement, the bank will be guided by the same principles that shaped Paystack’s early success, including reliability, simplicity, transparency, and trust.

Paystack MFB has begun operations with a small group of early members and plans a gradual rollout to more businesses and individuals. The company also announced the opening of a waitlist for interested users and confirmed it is recruiting a dedicated team to help build its long-term banking infrastructure.

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Banking

N1.3bn Transfer Error: EFCC Recovers N802.4m from Customer for First Bank

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EFCC First Bank N802.4m transfer error

By Modupe Gbadeyanka

The Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) has helped First Bank of Nigeria to recover the sum of N802.4 million from a suspect, Mr Kingsley Eghosa Ojo, who unlawfully took possession of over N1.3 billion belonging to the bank.

The funds were handed over the financial institution by the Benin Zonal Directorate of the anti-money laundering agency on Monday, January 12, 2026, a statement on Tuesday confirmed.

First Bank approached the EFCC for the recovery of the money through a petition, claiming that the suspect received the money into his account after system glitches.

The commission in its investigation; discovered that the suspect, upon the receipt of the money, transferred a good measure of it to the bank accounts of his mother, Mrs Itohan Ojo and that of his sister, Ms Edith Okoro Osaretin, and committed part of the money to completion of his building project and the funding of a new flamboyant lifestyle.

With the recovery of the money from the identified bank accounts, the EFCC handed it over in drafts to First Bank.

While handing over the lender, the acting Director for the Directorate, Mr Sa’ad Hanafi Sa’ad, stressed his organisation would continue to discharge its mandate effectively in the overall interests of society.

“The EFCC Establishment Act empowers us to trace and recover proceeds of crime and restitute the victim. In this case, First Bank was the victim and that is exactly what we have done.

“We will continue to discharge our duties to ensure that fraudsters do not benefit from fraud and that economic and financial crimes are nipped in the bud,” he said.

In his response, the Business Manager for First Bank in Benin City, Mr Olalere Sunday Ajayi, who received the drafts on behalf of the bank, commended the EFCC for the swiftness and the professionalism it brought to bear in the handling of the matter and expressed the bank’s gratitude to the commission.

He described the EFCC as one of Nigeria’s most effective and reliable institutions.

Meanwhile, Mr Kingsley and all other suspects in the matter have been charged to court for stealing by the EFCC.

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