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Loan Apps Risk N100m Fine as FCCPC Steps up Regulatory Efforts

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By Adedapo Adesanya

Loan apps operating in Nigeria are facing as much as N100 million in sanctions as the Federal Competition and Consumer Protection Commission (FCCPC) commenced efforts at addressing regulations around digital lending.

This came as the commission announced the official commencement of the Digital, Electronic, Online, or Non-Traditional Consumer Lending Regulations (DEON Consumer Lending Regulation), 2025.

Parts of the punishment for flouting will impose a N100 million sanction on non-compliant Digital Lending operators in Nigeria.

This development, announced in a press release by the FCCPC on Wednesday, aims to address longstanding consumer complaints and related issues.

According to Mr Ondaje Ijagwu, Director of Corporate Affairs, FCCPC, the rule is expected to tackle “exploitative practices, data privacy violations, abusive loan recovery tactics, harassment, and anti-competitive behaviour by certain digital lenders and their partners within Nigeria’s rapidly growing digital credit market.”

According to a statement, the Commission’s Executive Vice Chairman/Chief Executive Officer, Mr Tunji Bello, announced the gazetting and commencement of the regulations at his office in Abuja on Wednesday.

“For too long, Nigerians have endured harassment, data breaches, and unethical practices by unregulated digital lenders. These regulations draw a clear line that innovation is welcome, but not at the expense of the rights and dignity of consumers or the rule of law.”

He highlighted that the regulations provide the legal tools to hold violators accountable and promote responsible digital finance, adding that no consumer should be harassed, defamed, or lured into unsustainable debt under the guise of digital lending.

According to the FCCPC, the landmark Regulations, made pursuant to Sections 17, 18, and 163 of the Federal Competition and Consumer Protection Act (2018), primarily safeguard consumers by establishing a comprehensive framework.

The regulations, which came into effect on July 21, 2025, establish a robust legal framework to register, monitor, and sanction all forms of digital and non-traditional lending in Nigeria.

“Non-compliant operators face sanctions, which may include fines of up to N100 million or 1% of turnover, as well as potential disqualification of directors for up to five years,” the FCCPC warned.

The FCCPC stressed that this development is a crucial step toward regulating Nigeria’s rapidly expanding digital lending sector.

The commission also highlighted that the new rule is applicable to all unsecured consumer lending conducted through electronic, online, mobile, or other non-traditional means. It also sets out clear requirements for registration, transparency, data privacy, ethical recovery, fair interest rates, and responsible lending.

“Critically, the Regulations prohibit pre-authorised or automatic lending, compel clear and accessible loan terms, ban unethical marketing, and mandate local ownership of at least one service provider for airtime and data lending services.

“It also requires joint registration of all lender partnerships and prohibits monopolistic or dominance-based agreements without prior Commission approval,” the statement partly reads.

The FCCPC urged all current and prospective providers of digital lending services, including Mobile Money Operators (MMOs), Digital Money Lenders (DMLs), and service partners, to visit the Commission’s website for application forms, guidelines, and compliance requirements.

Consumers were also advised to report unlawful or unregistered lenders, unfair interest rates, or privacy violations to the Commission through its complaint portal: [email protected].

Adedapo Adesanya is a journalist, polymath, and connoisseur of everything art. When he is not writing, he has his nose buried in one of the many books or articles he has bookmarked or simply listening to good music with a bottle of beer or wine. He supports the greatest club in the world, Manchester United F.C.

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CBN Delists Non-Compliant Bureaux De Change Operators

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By Adedapo Adesanya

The operating licences of all legacy Bureau De Change (BDC) operators who failed to meet the new licensing requirements have been revoked by the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN).

This happened after the central bank streamlined the BDCs to 82 in order to sanitise the foreign exchange (FX) market in the country.

The latest development was revealed by the apex bank in its Frequently Asked Questions document on the current reform of the bureau de change, published on its website on Tuesday.

According to the document, the CBN has now enforced the final cutoff, declaring that any BDC that did not meet the requirements by the end of November is no longer recognised.

“The guidelines provided a transition timeline of six months from the effective date, 3 June 2024, with a deadline of 3 December 2024, for all existing BDCs to meet the requirement of the new Guidelines or lose their licence(s). However, the management of the CBN graciously extended this deadline by another six months, which ended 3 June 2025, to give ample time for as many legacy BDCs desirous of meeting the new requirements to do so.

“Consequently, any legacy BDC that failed to meet the requirements of the new Guidelines as of 30 November 2025 has ceased to be a BDC, as its licence no longer exists. Please visit the CBN website for the updated list of existing BDCs in Nigeria,” the apex bank said.

According to the CBN, before its latest decision, an extended compliance window was granted under the revised BDC Guidelines. Existing operators were initially given six months, June 3 to December 3, 2024, to satisfy the new regulatory conditions.

The CBN later granted an additional six-month extension, which elapsed on June 3, 2025, to allow more operators to align with the updated standards.

The new measures form part of broader efforts by the CBN to strengthen transparency, compliance, and stability within Nigeria’s foreign exchange market.

The new CBN regulatory framework for BDCs, introduced in February 2024, mandated BDC operators to meet higher capital requirements. Tier-1 operators are required to meet a minimum capital requirement of N2bn, while Tier-2 operators must meet N500m as MCR.

The bank added that it would continue to receive applications on its Licensing, Approval and Requests Portal from prospective promoters, and those that meet the criteria will be considered for a license.

However, the CBN said it reserves the right to discontinue the licensing of BDCs at any time.

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O3 Capital to Unlock N95bn Festive Spending Boom With Blink Card

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03 Capital Blink Card

By Modupe Gbadeyanka

A non-bank credit card issuer, 03 Capital, has introduced a travel card designed to unlock the N95 billion festive spending boom in Nigeria.

The new initiative, known as the 03 Capital Blink Travel Card, promotes economic participation among returning Nigerians, expatriates, and tourists.

A statement from the financial technology (fintech) firm is available instantly to use at over 40 million merchants and ATMs nationwide.

The Blink Card, to be issued in both digital and physical form, is loaded with currency from any foreign bank card, converted to Naira, enabling transactions to be completed in the local currency.

The card offers tap-to-pay and cash withdrawals at over 40 million merchants and ATMs nationwide, making it the ideal solution for visitors to Nigeria.

It also avails Nigerians in the Diaspora to spend like locals when they return to their country of origin.

Payments for goods and services can be completed via the virtual Blink Card, linked to the O3Cards app. Funds can also be transferred instantly to all local banks and other financial institutions.

According to the World Bank, remittance inflows account for approximately 5.6 per cent of Nigeria’s gross domestic product (GDP), and the resultant spending power is unlocked when the Diaspora returns home for the festive period.

In December 2024, about N95 billion was injected into the Nigerian economy by inbound passengers – 90 per cent being diasporic Nigerians – spending on short-let accommodation and hotels, events and hospitality, nightlife and dining, and vehicle rentals.  The launch of the Blink Card promises to spur this spending further, providing a significant boost to local businesses.

Blink Cards are available for collection at all Nigerian international airports, offering an immediate and hassle-free route to financial empowerment for people arriving in the country.

Blink Card carriers benefit from increased convenience, flexibility, and safety by not needing to carry large amounts of physical cash, while the ability to pre-load cards promotes smarter budgeting practices.

“We are excited to launch the Blink Card to promote greater economic participation among visitors to Nigeria.

“The card removes the needless friction and costs involved in legacy foreign exchange and cash payment processes, offering a quicker and more transparent option for spending in the country.

“As Nigerians begin travelling home for Christmas – combined with the regular traffic of arriving tourists, expatriates, and businesspeople – this is the perfect time to launch a solution catering to the financial needs of visitors, tapping into the seasonal spending boom which provides an annual lifeline for local economies and SMEs,” the chief executive of 03 Capital, Abimbola Pinheiro, stated.

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Interswitch Champions Dialogue on Alternative Credit Scoring for Underserved

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By Modupe Gbadeyanka

Technology leaders from across Nigeria’s digital finance ecosystem recently converged on Eko Convention Centre in Lagos to explore pathways for expanding credit access to underserved communities.

It platform for this was the 2025 Committee of e-Business Industry Heads (CeBIH) Annual Conference themed Reimagining Financial Inclusion through Cultural Shifts in Consumer Credit. Interswitch was a returning gold sponsor.

At a high-impact panel session titled Alternative Credit Scoring for the Underserved, moderated by Wunmi Ogunbiyi of the CeBIH Advisory Council, the Divisional Head of Product Management and Solution Delivery at Verve International, a subsidiary of Interswitch Group, Mr Ademola Adeniran, examined how alternative data and digital intelligence can unlock credit for millions excluded by conventional financial models.

“For us, this conversation goes beyond technology. It is about designing credit systems that truly reflect African realities.

“Millions transact daily outside traditional banking frameworks, and alternative credit scoring enables us to recognise that economic activity and responsibly convert it into access to finance.

“At Verve and Interswitch, we are committed to building the digital infrastructure that makes this inclusion scalable and sustainable,” Mr Adeniran stated.

Also, the Vice President for Sales and Account Management, Digital Infrastructure and Managed Services at Interswitch Systegra, Ms Robinta Aluyi, stressed the importance of African-led solutions in addressing the continent’s financial challenges, noting that sustainable progress must be rooted in local realities.

Interswitch’s strength, she said, lies in the fact that it was built on the continent, for the continent, with solutions designed to serve individuals, small businesses, enterprises, and government institutions across every layer of the payment value chain.

She also emphasized the company’s purpose-driven approach to building the infrastructure that powers Africa’s digital economy and enabling secure money movement on a scale.

“Interswitch helps people navigate their daily lives with greater ease. We make transactions flow safely and reliably. We do this by connecting banks, supporting secure and reliable payments, and strengthening the entire value chain of digital finance.

“Today, we hold a significant portion of the market, and that achievement reflects the deep trust our banking and fintech partners place in our platforms. We continue to deliver because the ecosystem has worked with us every step of the way,” Ms Aliyu said.

There were also contributions from Munachimso Duru, Head, Products, Partnership and Innovation, Afrigopay Financial Services Limited; Damola Giwa, Country Manager, Visa West Africa; Nike Kolawole, representing Aisha Abdullahi, Executive Director, Credit and Portfolio Management, CREDICORP; and Ifeanyi Chukuwekem, Head, Corporate Strategy Department, eTranzact, offering a broad industry perspective on the future of responsible credit delivery.

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