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N4.6trn of N5.0trn Currency in Circulation Outside Banking System—CBN

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currency in circulation N2.5trn

By Modupe Gbadeyanka

The Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) has revealed in its latest data that the total currency in circulation in March 2025 stood at N5.00 trillion, of which about N4.6 trillion is outside the banking system, indicating that 91.9 per cent of all cash in the economy are not in the bank.

Business Post reports that in the same period of last year, the value of cash held outside the banks was N3.63 trillion from the N3.87 trillion in circulation.

Nigerians have continued to keep cash outside the banking system because of the harrowing experience of December 2022 and early 2023 due to the Naira redesigned policy of the CBN.

The policy caused cash crunch, triggering a series of violent protests across the country. It was believed that the central bank, under the then governor, Mr Godwin Emefiele, was to frustrate the president ambition of President Bola Tinubu.

The apex bank had said in a bid to help the government tackle insecurity in Nigeria, it was changing the outlook if the N200, N500, and N1,000 bank notes.

The idea was to phase out the old notes but this was frustrated as the state governors challenged this and got a judgement from the Supreme Court against the policy. Both the old and new bank notes are currently in use.

In the same report, the central bank also disclosed that the broad money supply in Nigeria increased by 24 per cent on a year-to-year basis to N114.2 trillion in March 2025 from the N92.19 trillion in March 2024, and on a month-on-month basis, it went up by 3.2 per cent from N110.71 trillion in February 2025.

The hike in money supply occurred despite the central bank raising the Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) to 50 per cent at its last Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) meeting, with the benchmark interest rate at 27.50 per cent.

The National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) last Tuesday revealed that inflation rate for March 2025 surged to 24.23 per cent from 23.18 per cent in February 2025.

Back to the money supply hike, it was mainly influenced by a sharp 38.9 per cent rise in net foreign assets to N45.17 trillion, while the net domestic assets went down by 11.7 per cent to N69.05 trillion due to tighter liquidity within the domestic financial system.

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Banking

CBN Scraps Form A for Domiciliary Account Remittances

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CBN Form A Form M Form Q

By Adedapo Adesanya

In a significant easing of foreign exchange (FX) procedures, the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) has exempted domiciliary account holders from obtaining Form A before making eligible foreign remittances.

The provision is contained in the newly issued Forex Manual (4th Edition), which took effect on June 1, 2026. Under the new framework, customers using funds already held in their domiciliary accounts can make remittances without processing Form A.

The change is expected to shorten processing times for legitimate foreign transfers and reduce paperwork for banks and customers.

Form A remains relevant for certain transactions involving the purchase of foreign exchange through the official market.

The broader manual introduces new measures covering imports, exports, travel allowances, trade finance, and foreign remittances as the CBN seeks to improve transparency and efficiency in the forex market.

The apex bank said the reforms are intended to strengthen market discipline, improve data accuracy, and support confidence in Nigeria’s foreign exchange framework.

Under the revised framework, all import transactions must be backed by a valid Form ‘M’, with strict timelines imposed for the submission of shipping and exchange control documents.

Importers are required to ensure that all documentation is genuine, verifiable, and routed through authorised banking channels, as part of efforts to eliminate trade-based money laundering and illicit capital flows.

The apex bank also standardised the exchange rate for import duty payments, directing that duties be calculated using the prevailing Nigerian Foreign Exchange Market (NFEM) rate published daily by the CBN.

In a move to limit capital flight, the manual caps advance payments for imports at 30 per cent of transaction value and places a ceiling on interest rates for trade-related credit at 0.5 per cent above the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR), with a maximum tenor of 180 days.

On the export side, the CBN has made it mandatory for all exporters to process Form NXP, regardless of the value of goods.

Export proceeds must be repatriated within 180 days for non-oil exports and 90 days for oil and gas shipments, reinforcing efforts to boost foreign exchange inflows.

The guidelines also introduce stricter inspection requirements, mandating pre-shipment verification and the issuance of Clean Certificates of Inspection before goods can be exported.

Exporters are further required to pay the Nigerian Export Supervision Scheme (NESS) levy, set at 0.5 per cent for non-oil exports and 0.12 per cent for oil and gas exports.

In addition, the manual strengthens oversight of insurance-related forex transactions, restricting foreign currency-denominated policies for residents and requiring regulatory clearance for certain offshore payments.

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Banking

Strong Synergy in Customer Acquisition, Others Drive Alpha Morgan Bank Financial Performance

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Banner - Alpha Morgan Bank

By Aduragbemi Omiyale

Alpha Morgan Bank has achieved a landmark financial performance in the first 10 months of its operations, largely due to strong synergy in customer acquisition and branch expansion, a deliberate focus on growth in demand deposits, creation of quality risk assets and balance sheet efficiency.

These achievements were further supported by robust operational processes powered by sound technology and systems, management depth and expertise, experience and strategic oversight provided by the company’s board.

An analysis of the lender’s books showed that pre-tax profit stood at N1.9 billion, reinforcing its emergence as one of the country’s most remarkable new-generation financial institutions. The post-tax profit was N1.1 billion.

With this performance, Alpha Morgan Bank not only broke even within an exceptionally short period, but also delivered what is believed to be a record-setting early-profit performance in the Nigerian banking sector, underlining the strength of its strategy, the discipline of its execution and the confidence the market has placed in its business model.

It was observed that in the period under review, gross earnings were N13.1 billion, the operating income was N9.6 billion, net interest margin was 67 per cent, customer deposits stood at over N103 billion, and the non-performing loan (NPL) ratio was 0 per cent after disbursing about N10.1 billion in loans to customers.

“This is more than a financial milestone; it is a strong statement of what is possible when vision, discipline, sound execution, and market opportunity come together,” the chief executive of the financial institution, Mr Ade Buraimo, commented.

“From inception, Alpha Morgan Bank was built to be a commercial bank that is solution-driven and committed to delivering value at scale.

“To record a PBT of N1.9 billion in our first 10 months of operations is both historic and deeply encouraging. It reflects the dedication of our people, the trust of our customers and the solid foundation we have laid for long-term growth,” he added.

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Banking

PayAngel Boosts Multicurrency Account, Global Payout Capabilities

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PayAngel

By Aduragbemi Omiyale

A cross-border payments platform, PayAngel, has expanded its global payout capabilities by collaborating with Visa and Currencycloud.

The company, built by migrants and shaped by a lived understanding of the migrant journey, went into the partnership to support faster, more efficient cross-border payouts across multiple currencies and countries, enhancing how individuals and businesses move money internationally.

This capability supports everyday use cases that matter to PayAngel’s customers, from contributing to family milestones and fulfilling communal obligations to supporting businesses that operate across borders.

Born out of a desire to challenge the high costs, friction, and lack of transparency that have long defined traditional remittances, PayAngel enables fee-free transfers, competitive FX rates, and dependable settlement across 22 African countries, as well as India and Bangladesh. The platform also supports businesses through a web-based B2B payments portal that enables collections, disbursements, and cross-border settlement without the need for local presence or complex integrations.

By utilising Currencycloud’s regulated infrastructure, PayAngel is able to streamline settlement flows, improve operational efficiency, and expand its ability to serve customers with clarity, control, and confidence. The collaboration aligns with PayAngel’s long-term strategy to scale responsibly, deepen trust, and invest in resilient global payments infrastructure.

“Access to dependable, well-governed payment rails is essential to supporting globally connected communities,” the chief executive of PayAngel, Jones Amegbor, stated.

“This collaboration strengthens the infrastructure behind our platform, helping us deliver faster and more efficient cross-border payments while staying focused on the human connections those payments represent,” Amegbor added.

“Visa Direct is focused on enabling secure, seamless money movement across the global payments ecosystem,” said Philip Konopik, SVP, Head of CMS, Visa Europe. “It’s fantastic to be collaborating with fintechs such as PayAngel to help supercharge innovation that improves how money moves for consumers and businesses worldwide.”

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