Banking
SERAP Rejects Banks’ Request for Social Media Handles for KYC
By Adedapo Adesanya
The Socio-Economic Rights and Accountability Project (SERAP) has urged Mr Folashodun Shonubi, the acting Governor of the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN), to remove the request for customers’ social media handles for know your customer (KYC) by banks.
SERAP also urged him to “withdraw the Circular number FPR/DIR/PUB/CIR/007/076 of 20 June 2023 mandating banks and other financial institutions to implement and comply with the mandatory unlawful provisions on customers’ social media handles in the CBN Regulations.”
According to Section 6(a)(iv) of the CBN Regulations, banks and other financial institutions “shall identify their customer and obtain information on the social media handle of the customer.” Section 6(b)(iii) contains a similar provision.
In the letter dated June 24, 2023, and signed by SERAP deputy director, Mr Kolawole Oluwadare, the organisation said: “The CBN Regulations and directive to banks to obtain details of customers’ social media address violate Nigerians’ rights to freedom of expression and privacy. It is inconsistent and incompatible with the rule of law.”
SERAP said, “The CBN ought to contribute to the advancement of respect for the rule of law and human rights in the discharge of its statutory functions and not undermine or violate these fundamental legal requirements and standards.”
According to SERAP, “The purported mandatory requirement would inhibit Nigerians from freely exercising their human rights online. If obtained, such information may also be misused for political and other unlawful purposes.”
The letter read in part: “We would be grateful if the recommended measures are taken within 3 days of the receipt and/or publication of this letter. If we have not heard from you by then, SERAP shall take all appropriate legal actions to compel you and the CBN to comply with our request in the public interest.
“The mandatory requirement of social media handles or addresses of customers does not serve any legitimate aim. Such information may be used to unjustifiably or arbitrarily to restrict the rights to freedom of expression and privacy.
“SERAP is gravely concerned that the CBN Regulations and directive to banks and other financial institutions would impermissibly restrict the constitutional and international rights to freedom of expression, privacy and victims’ right to justice and effective remedies.
“Requiring social media handles or addresses of customers as a means of identification would have a disproportionate chilling effect on the effective enjoyment by Nigerians of their rights to freedom of expression and privacy online.
“The CBN bears the burden of justifying any restriction on people’s freedom of expression and privacy. Under the Nigerian Constitution 1999 [as amended] and human rights treaties to which the country is a state party, any restrictions on these rights must be applied strictly so that the rights are not put in jeopardy.
“There are other means of identification such as passport, driver’s licence, Bank Verification Number (BVN), and Tax Identification Number (TIN), which banks and other financial institutions already require their customers to provide.
“The additional requirement of obtaining details of a customer’s social media handle or address fails to meet the requirements of legality, necessity, and proportionality.
“The requirement of necessity implies an assessment of the proportionality of the grounds, with the aim of ensuring that the excuse of ‘regulations on customer due diligence’ is not used as a pretext to unduly intrude upon the rights to freedom of expression and privacy.
“The CBN Regulation does not demonstrate how the use of social media handle or address as a means of identification would serve to improve banks and other financial institutions’ ability to implement and comply with the laws and regulations relating to customer due diligence.
“The Directive by the CBN, which does not in any event carry the force of law, also fails to provide any explanation as to how social media handles or addresses can facilitate compliance with regulations relating to customer due diligence.
“Obtaining the details of customers’ social media handles or addresses would unduly interfere with the rights to freedom of expression and privacy. It would also be disproportionate to any purported legitimate aim that the CBN seeks to achieve.
“The facts that there are sufficient means of identification for CBN, banks and other financial institutions to rely on to meet the requirement of Know Your Customer also heighten concerns of overreach, and confer far-reaching discretion on banks and financial institutions.
“Obtaining information on customers’ social media handles or addresses as means of identification is therefore more intrusive than necessary.
“The cumulative effect of any attempt to access details of customers’ social media handles or addresses would be to undermine the letter, substance and spirit of the rights to freedom of expression and privacy of Nigerians.
“The effective enjoyment of these fundamental rights constitutes a fundamental pillar for building a democratic society and strengthening democracy.
“The CBN fails to show how details of customers’ social media handles or addresses would assist banks and other financial institutions to effectively implement and comply with the laws and regulations relating to customer due diligence.
“Human rights, the rule of law and democracy are interlinked and mutually reinforcing and central to the universal and indivisible core values and principles of the United Nations, the African Union and the Economic Community of West African States to which Nigeria belongs.
“The CBN is bound to respect the constitutional and international human rights of Nigerians including the rights to freedom of expression and privacy.
“Under the principle of pacta sunt servanda and general principles governing the law of treaties, the CBN is also bound to uphold and apply in the discharge of its statutory functions the human rights treaties to which Nigeria is a state party.
“Indeed, under international human rights law, all public or governmental institutions including the CBN are in a position to engage the responsibility of the state.
“The positive obligations on Nigeria to ensure the rights to freedom of expression and privacy will only be fully discharged if individuals are protected against violations by institutions like the CBN.
“The Nigerian Constitution guarantees in Section 39 the right to freedom of expression and in Section 37, the right to privacy.
“Article 19 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and Article 9 of the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights also guarantee the right to freedom of expression. Article 17 of the Covenant also guarantees the right to privacy.
“Freedom of expression and opinion are indispensable conditions for the advancement of any person or society, as the free exercise of the right facilitates the evolution and exchange of opinions, in turn enabling principles of transparency and accountability crucial for the promotion and protection of human rights.
“While under certain narrow circumstances, a State may restrict the right to freedom of expression, any such restrictions must be strictly limited and meet the conditions of legality (i.e. be “provided by law”), legitimate purpose, necessity, and proportionality. The CBN Regulations mandating social media handle or address as a form of identification for customers fail to meet these legal requirements.
“In particular, Article 19(1) of the Covenant establishes the right to freedom of opinion without interference. Article 19(2) establishes Nigeria’s obligations to respect and ensure ‘the right to freedom of expression,’ which includes the freedom to seek, receive and impart information and ideas of all kinds, regardless of frontiers.
“Under article 19(3), restrictions on the right to freedom of expression must be ‘provided by law’, and necessary ‘for respect of the rights or reputations of others’ or ‘for the protection of national security or of public order (ordre public), or of public health and morals.
“The principles of legality, necessity, and proportionality, apply to the right to privacy in the same manner as they do to freedom of expression and other fundamental freedoms.
“Restrictions to the rights to freedom of expression and privacy that do not comply with the elements of legality, legitimate purpose, and necessity and proportionality shall be deemed unlawful.”
By Adedapo Adesanya
Nigerian financial services firm, Moniepoint Incorporated, processed N412 trillion in transaction value and disbursed more than N1 trillion in loans to small businesses in 2025, as the company continues to grow Nigeria’s expanding retail payments and credit structure.
The company said it handled more than 14 billion transactions during the year and now powers about 80 per cent of in-person payments nationwide, underscoring the increasing concentration of payment flows through a small number of fintech platforms.
Moniepoint also averaged 1.67 billion monthly transactions in 2025 and grew its card user base by 200 per cent, with its cards being used 1.7 million times daily.
The organisation also processed over 500,000 data renewals daily, while customers spent N90 million ($64,264) daily at gyms.
Moniepoint’s scale reflects a broader shift in Nigeria’s payments landscape, where point-of-sale terminals and digital transfers have become central to everyday commerce, from neighbourhood shops to open-air markets.
Founded in 2015, Moniepoint has evolved from a backend technology provider into Nigeria’s largest merchant acquirer, offering payments, banking, credit, foreign exchange and business management tools to more than 6 million active businesses.
The company said it expanded lending to small businesses that are often excluded from bank credit, disbursing more than N1 trillion in loans through its microfinance banking unit in the year under review.
“Our focus has been on building infrastructure that works for how businesses actually operate,” said Mr Tosin Eniolorunda, Moniepoint’s founder and chief executive, pointing to the prevalence of informal trade in Africa’s largest economy.
In 2025, Moniepoint became a unicorn after it raised more than $200 million in a Series C funding round backed by investors including Development Partners International, Google’s Africa Investment Fund, Visa, the International Finance Corporation and Verod Capital, providing capital to scale its payments and financial services operations.
Beyond acquiring, the company said its switching and processing subsidiary, TeamApt Ltd, secured licences from Mastercard and Visa to operate as a processor and acquirer, enabling it to handle international card payments and provide switching services to other businesses across Africa. Its web payments gateway, Monnify, processed N25 trillion in transactions during the year.
Recently, the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) upgraded Moniepoint’s microfinance bank to a national microfinance bank licence, allowing it to expand its footprint across the country and broaden the range of products that it can offer.
By Aduragbemi Omiyale
A $250 million financing facility to support the acquisition of about 40 per cent equity in ND Western Limited from Petrolin Trading Limited has been secured by Aradel Energy Limited, a wholly owned subsidiary of Aradel Holdings Plc.
The funding package was facility for the energy firm by Standard Bank, which comprises Stanbic IBTC Capital Limited, Stanbic IBTC Bank Limited, and the Standard Bank of South Africa Limited.
The facility, Business Post gathered, was structured to support Aradel Energy’s strategic growth agenda, the refinancing of existing loan facilities, and the funding of increased production from the company’s existing asset base.
Aradel Energy is the operator of the Ogbele and Omerelu onshore marginal fields, as well as OPL 227 in shallow water terrain.
Prior to the transaction, Aradel Energy held a 41.67 per cent equity interest in ND Western, and following the completion of the acquisition, its shareholding in ND Western has increased to 81.67 per cent.
ND Western holds a 45 per cent participating interest in OML 34 and a 50 per cent equity interest in Renaissance Africa Energy Company Limited, the operator of the Renaissance Joint Venture and a 30 per cent owner of one of Nigeria’s largest and most strategic energy portfolios.
As a result of the transaction, Aradel Energy’s indirect equity interest in Renaissance has increased to 53.3 per cent, significantly strengthening the company’s upstream position and long-term value creation potential.
Standard Bank acted as Global Coordinator and Bookrunner, leading the structuring, execution, and funding of the facility, affirming its deep sectoral expertise and reinforces its position as a leading financier in Africa’s energy industry.
This transaction reinforces Standard Bank Group’s commitment to providing strategic capital to clients as they execute on their transformative growth objectives.
By delivering tailored financing solutions that enable sustainable value creation, the Bank remains a trusted partner to leading corporations across Africa’s evolving energy landscape.
“As Aradel Energy consolidates its position as one of Nigeria’s leading oil and gas companies, Stanbic IBTC Bank is proud to serve as a trusted long-term partner supporting the company’s growth ambitions,” the Executive Director for Corporate and Transaction Banking at Stanbic IBTC Bank, Mr Eric Fajemisin, stated.
Also commenting, the Regional Head of Energy and Infrastructure Finance for West Africa at Standard Bank, Mr Cody Aduloju, said, “The transaction illustrates Standard Bank’s ability to deliver large-scale, tailored funding solutions and further demonstrates our support to the fast-growing indigenous companies of Nigeria’s oil and gas sector.”
The chief executive of Aradel Holdings, Mr Adegbite Falade, said, “The acquisition bolsters Aradel Energy’s competitive positioning across Nigeria’s oil and gas value chain and supports our commitment to strategic growth, asset optimisation, and enduring value creation. We are pleased to have partnered with Standard Bank, who supported us and delivered a fully funded solution under very tight timelines.”
By Modupe Gbadeyanka
The operating licences of major financial technology (fintech) platforms like OPay and Moniepoint, have been upgraded to national by the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN).
Also upgraded by the banking sector regulator were PalmPay, Kuda Bank, and Paga after compliance with some regulatory requirements, allowing them to operate across Nigeria.
Speaking at annual conference of the Committee of Heads of Banks’ Operations in Lagos recently, the Director of the Other Financial Institutions Supervision Department of the CBN, Mr Yemi Solaja, said the licences were upwardly reviewed after the financial institutions met some requirements, including the Know-Your-Customer (KYC) policy.
“Institutions like Moniepoint MFB, Opay, Kuda Bank, and others have now been upgraded. In practice, their operations are already nationwide,” he said at the event.
The upgrade also reinforces financial inclusion, as fintechs and agent networks continue to play a pivotal role in providing access to banking and payments services, especially in rural and underserved areas.
The central bank executive stressed the importance of physical presence for customer support.
According to him, “Most of their customers operate in the informal sector. They need a clear point of contact if any issues arise,” to strengthen internal controls, and enhance customer service, particularly around KYC and anti-money laundering (AML) processes.
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