Economy
Akabueze Raises Alarm Over Nigeria’s Worsening Debt-to-Revenue Ratio
By Adedapo Adesanya
The Budget Office of the Federation has told the incoming legislature, which approves the country’s borrowing needs, that Nigeria’s debt-to-revenue ratio is worsening and could spell doom if the country exceeds its limit.
The Director-General of the Budget Office, Mr Ben Akabueze, raised this alarm while addressing members-elect of the 10th National Assembly at their week-long induction ceremony in Abuja on Wednesday.
He pointed out that while Nigeria remains healthy with its debt-to-GDP ratio, the country is not with its debt-to-revenue ratio.
He said, “You may have heard that we have one of the lowest Gross Domestic Products-to-debt ratios in the world. While the size of the FG budget for 2023 created some excitement, the aggregate budget of all the governments in the country amount to about N30 trillion. That is less than 15 per cent in terms of ratio to GDP.
“Even on the African continent, the ratio of spending is about 20 per cent. South Africa is about 30 per cent; Morocco is about 40 per cent. And at 15 per cent, that is too small for our needs. That is why there is fierce competition for the limited resources.
“That can determine how much we can relatively borrow. We now have very limited borrowing space, not because our debt to GDP is high but because our revenue is too small to sustain the size of our debt. That explains our high debt service ratio. Once a country’s debt service ratio exceeds 30 per cent, that country is in trouble, and we are pushing towards 100 per cent, and that tells you how much trouble we are in.
He warned that the country now has limited space to borrow, and the remedy is to work towards boosting revenues.
“We have limited space to borrow. When you take how much you can generate in terms of revenue and what you can reasonably borrow, that establishes the size of the budget. The next thing would be to pay attention to the government’s priority regarding what project gets what.”
Mr Akabueze also stated that Nigeria should not be classified as an oil-rich economy.
“We are not even an oil-rich economy. To classify oil-rich economies, you talk of countries like Saudi Arabia, where there are 34 million of them and pump 10 million barrels of crude per day, or Kuwait, where there are 3 million of them and pump three million barrels per day,” he said
The Budget Office boss added that while Nigeria has a population of over 200 million, “we are currently pumping about 1.9 million barrels per day.”
Business Post fact check reveals that the country is currently producing under 1.6 million barrels per day.
He stressed, “So, we are not a rich economy and must resist the temptation. We are an oil-rich economy. Let me make it clear that we are potentially rich countries, but we are not.”
Mr Akabueze noted that Nigerians often say the country is not short of development plans but has a problem with implementation.
“I disagree because a plan that cannot speak to implementation is not a good plan,” he stated.
By Aduragbemi Omiyale
New independent research has revealed that the parent company of Facebook, WhatsApp, and Instagram, Meta, contributes about $820 million to the Nigerian economy every year.
In the new report titled Nigeria’s Digital Economy, conducted by Public First, it was discovered that about 14 million Nigerian small and medium enterprises (SMEs) used Meta’s apps like Facebook, Instagram, WhatsApp, Messenger, Meta AI, and Threads, to start and grow their businesses in 2025, contributing $2 billion to the country’s gross domestic product (GDP) and delivering an estimated $640 million in productivity gains through more efficient instant messaging.
Business Post gathered from the study released in Abuja on Thursday that the adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) is set to add about $22 billion to Nigeria’s DGP by 2035.
It was observed that virtually all Nigerian businesses surveyed confessed that Meta’s platforms have expanded their customer reach, with the company’s platforms functioning as essential digital infrastructure connecting Nigerian entrepreneurs to customers, markets, and new economic opportunities.
WhatsApp is Nigeria’s gateway to AI
WhatsApp is playing a central role in connecting Nigerians to AI and new economic opportunities across the region. The platform serves as Nigerians’ primary AI surface — reflecting the wider regional pattern where 93 per cent of Meta AI prompts in Sub-Saharan Africa are made via WhatsApp — demonstrating how AI adoption in Nigeria is happening through the tools people already use every day.
“Nigeria is one of the most dynamic, entrepreneurial and digitally engaged markets in the world — and this research makes clear the scale of what is possible when Nigerian ambition meets the right digital tools.
“From a tailor in Lagos reaching customers across the country through Instagram, to a small business owner in Kano taking orders on WhatsApp, to a creator in Abuja building a global audience on Facebook — Meta’s platforms are removing the traditional barriers to growth and unlocking real economic opportunity,” the Director of Public Policy for Sub-Saharan Africa at Meta, Balkissa Ide Siddo, said.
The fact that 80 per cent of Nigerians say access to reliable internet has improved compared to a decade ago speaks to the progress already made, and with continued investment in connectivity, smart policy that supports innovation, and the rise of open-source AI built for and by Africans, Nigeria is exceptionally well positioned to lead the continent’s next decade of digital growth. We are proud to be a long-term partner in that journey,” Ide Siddo added.
AI and Nigeria’s next growth frontier
The research highlights the transformative potential of artificial intelligence for Nigeria’s economy and innovation ecosystem.
SMEs are reaching new customers across Nigeria
For Nigerian small businesses, Meta’s platforms have become a primary sales and discovery channel. 81 per cent of online businesses surveyed said Facebook, Instagram, and WhatsApp have expanded their customer base beyond their local geography — reducing customer acquisition costs and giving a business in Kano access to the same advertising and commerce tools available to businesses in Lagos, London or New York.
“Nigeria’s digital transformation is creating new opportunities for businesses, creators and consumers alike. The findings show that Meta’s platforms are helping Nigerian firms grow across formal and informal sectors, supporting entrepreneurship and strengthening participation in one of the world’s most rapidly expanding digital economies.
“With the right combination of infrastructure, platform access and open-source AI, the upside for Nigeria is significant,” a Director at Public First, Alison Neyle, stated.
By Adedapo Adesanya
Nigerian energy giant, Oando Plc, says it is reporting rising revenues as global crude buyers increasingly turn away from the volatile Middle East in search of safer supply sources.
According to the chief executive of Oando, Mr Wale Tinubu, the crisis around the Strait of Hormuz has damaged the Gulf region’s long-standing reputation as the world’s safest and most reliable oil-producing hub, leading to demand elsewhere.
Speaking in a recent interview on the sidelines of the Africa CEO Forum in Kigali, Rwanda, Mr Tinubu disclosed that Oando is already benefiting financially from the geopolitical tensions.
“We are certainly getting a windfall increase in our revenues,” Mr Tinubu said.
According to him, mounting security concerns around the Strait of Hormuz have forced buyers to reconsider their dependence on Middle Eastern crude. The waterway accounts for around 20 per cent of global crude and liquified natural gas (LNG) flows, mostly to Asian markets.
“The Middle Eastern premium you got from being a stable environment to produce hydrocarbons has been shattered,” he added.
The conflict is rapidly reshaping global energy trade flows, with African producers, particularly Nigeria, emerging as alternative suppliers at a time of heightened uncertainty in the Gulf.
Indonesia recently took in some Nigeria crude to cushion against the impact that disruptions are having on fuel supplies.
Mr Tinubu said Oando is rolling out a seven-well drilling campaign aiming to add 10,000 barrels per day by the end of the year.
Oando is also looking to raise up to $750 million to execute a 100-well onshore drilling campaign, aiming to triple its oil and gas output from 32,000 barrels of oil equivalent per day to nearly 100,000 barrels of oil equivalent per day.
According to Mr Tinubu, global supply shocks have created highly favourable conditions for securing financing and expanding operations to meet supply gaps.
By Adedapo Adesanya
Nigerian billionaire investor, Mr Femi Otedola, has announced plans to invest $100 million in the Dangote Refinery, which plans to list later this year.
Mr Otedola disclosed this on Wednesday after leading a delegation of top executives from First HoldCo on a visit to the Dangote refinery.
“On a personal note, I’ve appealed to him (Aliko Dangote). I’ve been here with him 25 times, so my compensation is he’s going to allocate to me shares worth $100 million in the private placement,” the billionaire said.
Mr Otedola had previously denied that he had any stake or funded the construction of a 650,000 barrels per day facility.
The announcement marks his next big move after increasing his stake in First Holdco as well as buying a $10 million property in London.
Mr Dangote last year said the refinery could sell up to 10 per cent stake in the listing, which is valued at about $5 billion. It is aiming for a valuation of up to $50 billion for Dangote refinery.
The billionaire is planning to make the IPO a cross-border listing to enable the refinery to draw investments from domestic and international investors.
Mr Dangote, this week, said the IPO is designed to democratise wealth creation and give Africans direct access to participate in the continent’s industrial transformation.
On his part, Mr Dangote, president of the Dangote Group, says the company is targeting a private placement of about $2 billion for the refinery.
While the actual date for the IPO is yet to be announced, Mr Otedola’s early investment indicates value and could spur other high-net-worth individuals to show interest.
Mr Otedola, an ally of Mr Dangote, led top executives of First HoldCo on a tour of the refinery and the fertiliser plants in the Lekki free trade zone area.
The team also visited key project sites such as the jetty, a facility built by Dangote industries to receive large vessels.
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