Economy
CBN-BDC Scuffle: After CBN Ban, BDCs Move to P2P Forex as an Alternative Source of Forex
Over a month has passed since the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) stopped selling forex to Bureau De Change (BDC), leaving many wondering how these parallel market operators will continue to operate in the face of the new CBN policy.
BDC operators play an important role in Nigeria’s economy as informal financiers. This creates a strong foundation for cooperation with apex banking. The apex bank was unable to control the BDCs due to greed and the pursuit of abnormal profits. Godwin Emefiele (the Governor of CBN), ended the relationship as he addressed the media during the MPC briefing, Tuesday 27th July 2021.
He stated that in particular, they have noticed with disappointment and great concern that BDC operators had abandoned their original objective for the establishment, which was serving retail end-users who have $5,000 or less. He claimed that they have turned into wholesale dealers in illegal foreign currency, averaging millions of dollars per transaction.
Despite the fact Nigeria being the only country where a central bank sells dollars directly at the BDCs today, operators in the Nigeria BDC market have not reciprocated that gesture to maintain price stability in that segment.
This approach has hurt top Forex brokers in Nigeria multiple times, many of them even abandoning the local market and switching to international instead. Although reports have suggested that the governor may appeal to the apex bank for assistance, his resolve seems unshaken.
There are ongoing investigations on how these developments have affected the operation of BDCs. An operator of a BDC stated anonymously that BDCs can make money other than the CBN sale. He stated that BDCs were not closing down shops.
He explained that funds inflow refers to money that comes from outside Nigeria, mainly from the UK and other European countries and they can receive a large amount of money due to the account BDCs use.
They normally assist customers in accepting these inflows from overseas and facilitate outflows to countries such as China. There are limitations on how much money one can deposit or send to their domiciliary accounts.
“However, BDC operators have relationships with parties around the world that can facilitate smooth and seamless payment.” He said that there was no way for him to source foreign currency in Nigeria right now.
Abbas, another BDC operator, stated that it is important to be creative in dealing with difficult situations in Nigerian businesses and BDCs are no exception.
He joked that those who cannot keep up with the pace of business would need to shut down. Nigeria is only for the strong players, he says. BDC operators that cannot overcome challenges will have to close their doors.
“It’s not easy to get dollars but for the moment, most of my colleagues and I have discovered that dealing directly with customers has proven more profitable than dealing with licensees.”
He said that he only uses customers with proper documentation like passports and travel documents to get the maximum amount of personal or business travel allowances (PTAs) from banks. Because of the large number of people who are interested in travelling out of the country, this is a significant source of forex supply for BDC operators.
This avenue has been very profitable as it has allowed them to purchase dollars at a lower price and then sell them at black-market rates, while still making significant profits. While this method is not sustainable, he believes that there will be more creative channels soon.
Ango, a BDC operator, also confirmed that BDC operators work in partnership with individuals to obtain FX from banks.
“If someone wishes to take a personal travel allowance, they will need to show us their documentation. We would then fund his account to receive the maximum amount from the bank. Everyone gets a cut so the transaction runs smoothly. The licenses are ineffective at the moment because the CBN has stopped giving us dollars,” he said.
BDC operators are now more dependent on peer-to-peer transactions to fund their dollar supplies in the face of the CBN dollar sales ban. People with strong networks of buyers or sellers attract more business, while those who don’t have such strong networks are less likely to be successful in attracting volume.
However, exchange rates continue to be transacted at black market rates that are higher than those preferred by the central banks.
BDCs’ reactions to the ban by the apex bank raise questions about the effectiveness of Nigerian monetary policy. Can they sideline a major player in the foreign currency space and directly deal with banks? In this case, the end should justify the means. However, there have been very few results as the naira is still extremely weak against the dollar.
The rate at the parallel market was N530 per dollar at the time this article was written. This indicates that black-market forex is still in high demand.
By Dipo Olowookere
The Nigerian Exchange (NGX) Limited suffered a loss on Friday, the third consecutive day it was closing lower. It lost 0.46 per cent when trading activities ended yesterday.
The decline was triggered by heavy profit-taking in the insurance space, with its index depleting by 8.73 per cent and the consumer goods counter losing 0.32 per cent.
However, the banking index gained 0.56 per cent, and the energy industry appreciated by 0.05 per cent, while the commodity and the industrial goods indices closed flat.
At the close of business, the All-Share Index (ASI) retracted by 671.81 points to 144,628.20 points from 145,300.01 points and the market capitalisation came down by N425 billion to N91.502 trillion from N91.927 trillion.
Investors transacted 1.4 billion equities worth N13.9 billion 32,065 deals compared with the 2.5 billion equities valued at N22.2 billion traded in 43,515 deals on Thursday, indicating a decline in the trading volume, value, and number of deals by 44.00 per cent, 37.39 per cent and 26.31 per cent, respectively.
Universal Insurance topped the activity log with 308.8 million shares valued at N371.1 million, AIICO Insurance sold 118.0 million equities worth N470.7 million, Mutual Benefits transacted 102.4 million stocks for N390.8 million, Veritas Kapital exchanged 70.4 million shares worth N160.0 million, and Sovereign Trust Insurance traded 62.2 million equities valued at N182.3 million.
The trio of Linkage Assurance, International Energy Insurance, and Lasaco Assurance lost 10.00 per cent to sell for N2.43, N3.33, and N4.05 apiece, NEM Insurance depreciated by 9.97 per cent to N32.50, and Meyer crashed by 9.95 per cent to N16.75.
On the flip side, Mutual Benefits rose by 10.00 per cent to N3.85, Ikeja Hotel gained 9.95 per cent to finish at N22.65, Wema Bank appreciated by 9.90 per cent to N22.75, Deap Capital improved by 9.52 per cent to N1.61, and Tripple Gee increased by 8.32 per cent to N5.60.
With 39 price losers and 30 price gainers, the market breadth index of Customs Street ended negative on Friday, with weak investor sentiment.
Adedapo Adesanya
The NASD Over-the-Counter (OTC) Securities Exchange fell by 1.13 per cent on Friday, August 15 after recording three price gainers and three price gainers.
During the trading day, the market capitalisation was down by N22.01 billion to N2.146 trillion from N2.171 trillion, and the NASD Unlisted Security Index (NSI) depreciated by 36.79 points to 3,587.76 points, from the 3,628.67 points achieved a day earlier.
According to data, Central Securities Clearing System (CSCS) Plc crumbled by N4.86 to end at N43.82 per share versus the preceding day’s N48.68 per share, Okitipupa Plc plunged by N3.70 to finish at N233.30 per unit versus N237.00 per unit, and Afriland Properties Plc dipped by 56 Kobo to close at N21.00 per share compared with the previous day’s N21.56 per share.
Conversely, FrieslandCampina Wamco Nigeria Plc gained 77 Kobo to settle at N68.61 per unit compared with N67.84 per unit, Acorn Petroleum Plc appreciated by 11 Kobo to N1.30 per share from N1.11 per share, and Industrial and General Insurance (IGI) Plc expanded by 5 Kobo to 57 Kobo per unit from the previous day’s 52 Kobo per unit.
The volume of trades declined by 87.1 per cent to 2.95 million units from 22.9 million units, the value of transactions depleted by 58.6 per cent to N15.4 million from N37.1 million, and the number of deals dropped by 34.9 per cent to 28 deals from 43 deals.
At the close of business, Okitipupa Plc was the most traded stock by value on a year-to-date basis with 158.6 million units worth N5.9 billion, followed by Air Liquide Plc with 507.2 million units valued at N4.2 billion, and FrieslandCampina Wamco Nigeria Plc with 44.0million units sold for N1.9 billion.
Also, IGI Plc was the most traded stock by volume on a year-to-date basis with 1.1 billion units transacted for N379.6 million, trailed by Impresit Bakolori Plc with 536.9 million units valued at N524.8 million, and Air Liquide Plc with 507.2 million units worth N4.2 billion.
By Adedapo Adesanya
The Naira appreciated against the United States Dollar in the black market segment of the foreign exchange (FX) market on Friday by N10 to trade at N1,550/$1 compared with the preceding day’s N1,560/$1.
In the same vein, it improved its value against the Dollar by N1.81 or 0.12 per cent in the Nigerian Autonomous Foreign Exchange Market (NAFEM) window yesterday to close at N1,532.73/$1 compared with the N1,534.54/$1 it was transacted on Thursday.
However, the domestic currency depreciated against the Pound Sterling in the official market during the trading day by 50 Kobo to sell for N2,078.39/£1 versus Thursday’s closing price of N2,077.89/£1 and shed N2.87 against the Euro to quote at N1,791.36/€1, in contrast to the previous session’s N1,788.49/€1.
The Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) has continued to back the Naira with sizeable forex sales with analysts expecting stability for the Naira, underpinned by robust FX liquidity and an efficient FX market,
“We expect sustained inflows from foreign portfolio investors (FPIs) due to existing carry trade opportunities and stronger market confidence,” analysts at Cordros Capital Limited said in a note.
Also, improving non-oil exports, as well as limited incentives for Naira hoarding and speculation, are expected to reinforce steady inflows from domestic sources.
July inflation also eased as the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) reported that headline inflation eased by 34 basis points to 21.88 per cent year-on-year in July from 22.22 per cent year on year.
On a month-on-month basis, consumer prices increased to 1.99 per cent versus 1.68 per cent on record in June. Food inflation increased by 77 basis points to 22.74 per cent in July from 21.97 per cent.
Meanwhile, the cryptocurrency market further weakened as traders overlooked rising expectations for the US Federal Reserve interest-rate cuts in September coupled with surging exchange-traded funds (ETF) inflows and institutional adoption.
Market analysts noted that rising core inflation data and stretched valuations pose near-term risks, but institutional demand for crypto remains strong.
Solana (SOL) lost 4.7 per cent to sell at $187.75, Ethereum (ETH) dipped by 4.2 per cent to $4,446.58, Litecoin (LTC) slumped by 2.6 per cent to $118.60, Binance Coin (BNB) fell by 1.6 per cent to $863.13, and Bitcoin (BTC) went down by 1.2 per cent to $117,602.17.
On the flip side, Dogecoin (DOGE) rose by 1.1 per cent to $0.2328, Cardano (ADA) jumped by 0.9 per cent to $0.9571, and Ripple (XRP) appreciated by 0.1 per cent to $3.11, while the US Dollar Tether (USDT) and the US Dollar Coin (USDC) remained unchanged at $1.00 each.
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