Economy
CBN-BDC Scuffle: After CBN Ban, BDCs Move to P2P Forex as an Alternative Source of Forex
Over a month has passed since the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) stopped selling forex to Bureau De Change (BDC), leaving many wondering how these parallel market operators will continue to operate in the face of the new CBN policy.
BDC operators play an important role in Nigeria’s economy as informal financiers. This creates a strong foundation for cooperation with apex banking. The apex bank was unable to control the BDCs due to greed and the pursuit of abnormal profits. Godwin Emefiele (the Governor of CBN), ended the relationship as he addressed the media during the MPC briefing, Tuesday 27th July 2021.
He stated that in particular, they have noticed with disappointment and great concern that BDC operators had abandoned their original objective for the establishment, which was serving retail end-users who have $5,000 or less. He claimed that they have turned into wholesale dealers in illegal foreign currency, averaging millions of dollars per transaction.
Despite the fact Nigeria being the only country where a central bank sells dollars directly at the BDCs today, operators in the Nigeria BDC market have not reciprocated that gesture to maintain price stability in that segment.
This approach has hurt top Forex brokers in Nigeria multiple times, many of them even abandoning the local market and switching to international instead. Although reports have suggested that the governor may appeal to the apex bank for assistance, his resolve seems unshaken.
There are ongoing investigations on how these developments have affected the operation of BDCs. An operator of a BDC stated anonymously that BDCs can make money other than the CBN sale. He stated that BDCs were not closing down shops.
He explained that funds inflow refers to money that comes from outside Nigeria, mainly from the UK and other European countries and they can receive a large amount of money due to the account BDCs use.
They normally assist customers in accepting these inflows from overseas and facilitate outflows to countries such as China. There are limitations on how much money one can deposit or send to their domiciliary accounts.
“However, BDC operators have relationships with parties around the world that can facilitate smooth and seamless payment.” He said that there was no way for him to source foreign currency in Nigeria right now.
Abbas, another BDC operator, stated that it is important to be creative in dealing with difficult situations in Nigerian businesses and BDCs are no exception.
He joked that those who cannot keep up with the pace of business would need to shut down. Nigeria is only for the strong players, he says. BDC operators that cannot overcome challenges will have to close their doors.
“It’s not easy to get dollars but for the moment, most of my colleagues and I have discovered that dealing directly with customers has proven more profitable than dealing with licensees.”
He said that he only uses customers with proper documentation like passports and travel documents to get the maximum amount of personal or business travel allowances (PTAs) from banks. Because of the large number of people who are interested in travelling out of the country, this is a significant source of forex supply for BDC operators.
This avenue has been very profitable as it has allowed them to purchase dollars at a lower price and then sell them at black-market rates, while still making significant profits. While this method is not sustainable, he believes that there will be more creative channels soon.
Ango, a BDC operator, also confirmed that BDC operators work in partnership with individuals to obtain FX from banks.
“If someone wishes to take a personal travel allowance, they will need to show us their documentation. We would then fund his account to receive the maximum amount from the bank. Everyone gets a cut so the transaction runs smoothly. The licenses are ineffective at the moment because the CBN has stopped giving us dollars,” he said.
BDC operators are now more dependent on peer-to-peer transactions to fund their dollar supplies in the face of the CBN dollar sales ban. People with strong networks of buyers or sellers attract more business, while those who don’t have such strong networks are less likely to be successful in attracting volume.
However, exchange rates continue to be transacted at black market rates that are higher than those preferred by the central banks.
BDCs’ reactions to the ban by the apex bank raise questions about the effectiveness of Nigerian monetary policy. Can they sideline a major player in the foreign currency space and directly deal with banks? In this case, the end should justify the means. However, there have been very few results as the naira is still extremely weak against the dollar.
The rate at the parallel market was N530 per dollar at the time this article was written. This indicates that black-market forex is still in high demand.
By Aduragbemi Omiyale
The Nigeria Police Force (NPF) has promised to work with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and the Nigerian Exchange (NGX) Group Plc for the prevention of financial crime, and the reinforcement of trust and confidence in Nigeria’s capital market.
The Inspector General of Police, Mr Kayode Egbetokun, gave this assurance on Wednesday at the closing gong ceremony in his honour at the NGX in Lagos.
The police chief said, “A transparent and well-regulated capital market is vital to Nigeria’s economic growth. The Nigeria Police Force remains committed to working with regulators and market operators to prevent financial crime, protect investors, and uphold the integrity of our financial system.”
Earlier in his welcome address, the chairman of NGX Group, Mr Umaru Kwairanga, commended the leadership of the police in supporting market integrity.
“Market integrity is a shared responsibility. By honouring the Inspector-General of Police, we are reinforcing the importance of institutional alignment in protecting investors and preserving trust in our financial system.
“Strong collaboration between regulators, enforcement agencies, and market infrastructure institutions is essential to building a resilient and credible market that supports economic growth,” he stated.
The Director-General of SEC, Mr Emomotimi Agama, while speaking, emphasized the importance of coordinated enforcement, noting: “Investor protection is at the core of market regulation, and today’s engagement highlights how critical collaboration with law enforcement is to achieving that mandate. This partnership strengthens our enforcement capacity, enhances deterrence against illegal investment activities, and reinforces confidence in the Nigerian capital market.”
As for the chairman of NGX Limited, Mr Ahonsi Unuigbe, “A transparent and orderly market can only thrive where rules are respected and misconduct is addressed decisively. The presence of the Nigeria Police Force in this collective effort sends a strong signal that safeguarding the market is a national priority.”
Similarly, the chief executive of NGX Group, Mr Temi Popoola, stressed the importance of aligning innovation with oversight, pointing out that, “Technology and market growth must be supported by strong enforcement and investor protection frameworks. Our collaboration with the SEC and the Nigeria Police Force reflects a unified approach to preserving the credibility of Nigeria’s capital market.”
By Adedapo Adesanya
The NASD Over-the-Counter (OTC) Securities Exchange rallied by 0.09 per cent on Wednesday, February 4, amid renewed appetite for unlisted stocks.
This lifted the NASD Unlisted Security Index (NSI) by 3.18 points to 3,641.30 points from the previous session’s 3,641.30 points and raised the market capitalisation by N1.9 billion to N2.180 trillion from the N2.178 trillion quoted on Tuesday.
The bourse recorded three price gainers and four price losers at the midweek session.
The advancers were led by Air Liquide Plc, which went up by N2.04 rise to end at N22.53 per share versus the previous session’s N20.49 per share, Central Securities Clearing System (CSCS) added 97 Kobo to sell at N44.97 per unit versus N44.00 per unit, and Acorn Petroleum Plc appreciated by 2 Kobo to N1.37 per share from N1.35 per share.
On the flip side, Geo-Fluids Plc lost 55 Kobo to sell at N6.26 per unit versus N6.81 per unit, Nipco Plc depreciated by 48 Kobo to trade at N259.00 per share versus N259.48 per share, FrieslandCampina Wamco Nigeria Plc declined by 40 Kobo to N63.10 per unit from N63.50 per unit, and Industrial and General Insurance (IGI) depleted by 1 Kobo to 65 Kobo per share from 66 Kobo per share.
Yesterday, the volume of trades slid by 64.5 per cent to 2.5 million units from 7.0 million units, the value of transaction decreased by 53.2 per cent to N17.7 million from N37.9 million, and the number of deals went down by 47.1 per cent to 18 deals from 34 deals.
CSCS Plc remained the most traded stock by value on a year-to-date basis with 16.0 million units valued at N652.6 million, followed by FrieslandCampina Wamco Nigeria Plc with 1.7 million units exchanged for N111.2 million, and Geo-Fluids Plc with 11.7 million units traded for N76.1 million.
CSCS Plc was also the most active stock by volume on a year-to-date basis with 16.0 million units sold for N652.6 million, trailed by Mass Telecom Innovation Plc with 13.3 million units worth N5.3 million, and Geo-Fluids Plc with 11.7 million units valued at N76.1 million.
By Adedapo Adesanya
The Naira rallied at the different segments of the foreign exchange (FX) market on Wednesday as supply continues to outweigh demand, giving it an edge against the United States Dollar.
In the parallel market, the Nigerian Naira improved its value on the greenback yesterday by N5 to quote at N1,450/$1 compared with the previous day’s N1,455/$1, and at the GTBank FX desk, it gained N3 to trade at N1,383/$1, in contrast to Tuesday’s exchange rate of N1,386/$1.
In the the Nigerian Autonomous Foreign Exchange Market (NAFEX), which is also the official market, the Naira firmed up against the Dollar at midweek by N14.63 or 1.1 per cent to settle at N1,358.28/$1 versus the preceding session’s N1,372.91/$1.
Against the Pound Sterling, the domestic currency appreciated on Wednesday by N14.16 to N1,863.43/£1 from the previous day’s N1,877.59/£1, and gained N13.73 on the Euro to end at N1,606.03/€1 versus the N1,619.76/€1 it was exchanged a day earlier.
The strengthening of the Naira value has been driven by the injection of forex into the financial markets by foreign investors seeking attractive investments in the emerging markets, helping to boost Nigeria’s external reserves, which provide the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) with the capacity to support the local currency.
As of February 4, 2026, the reserves reached $46.59 billion.
The local currency has been able to find a solid path despite no indications of any intervention from the apex bank in recent week, strengthening the case of price discovery.
Policy moves by the CBN is also offering a backbone for the FX market as it considers some strategic reforms through a policy known as the Single Regulatory Window.
In its 2025 Fintech Report, the central bank said this scheme will significantly reduce time-to-market for new digital financial products by streamlining licensing and supervisory processes across multiple agencies.
Meanwhile, the cryptocurrency market was in red amid a broad sell-off in global technology stocks, with reports showing that liquidity was notably thin, amplifying price moves and contributing to forced liquidations. The decline followed a sharp sell-off in global technology stocks overnight, where concerns over the pace of artificial intelligence adoption and rising capital spending by major firms weighed heavily on valuations.
Bitcoin (BTC) lost 7.9 per cent to sell at $70,534.94, Ripple (XRP) declined by 11.2 per cent to $1.42, Binance Coin (BNB) slumped by 9.4 per cent to $689.70, Ethereum (ETH) crashed by 8.9 per cent to $2,072.46, and Solana (SOL) dipped by 8.7 per cent to $89.86.
In addition, Dogecoin (DOGE) depreciated by 6.9 per cent to $0.1008, Cardano (ADA) slipped by 6.8 per cent to $0.2792, Litecoin (LTC) dropped 5.1 per cent to trade at $57.56, and US Dollar Tether (USDT) went down by 0.1 per cent to $0.9980, while the US Dollar Coin (USDC) closed flat at $1.00.
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