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How to Tackle the Challenges of Crypto Estate Planning

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Crypto Estate Planning

Learn about the challenges you’ll face with crypto estate learning and discover three possible ways to go about it.

While traditional assets like real estate, stocks, or cash are relatively easy to incorporate into estate plans, the decentralized and private nature of cryptocurrencies introduces new complexities.

Keep reading as we discuss the primary challenges of crypto estate planning and explore three viable options for addressing them.

What Makes Crypto Estate Planning Challenging?

Crypto estate planning presents unique difficulties that go beyond traditional financial assets.

Unlike bank accounts or physical property, cryptocurrencies operate on decentralized networks and are protected by private keys, making them more difficult to locate and access. 

Additionally, the lack of clear regulations and the growing threat of cyberattacks further complicate the process. Transferring crypto assets to beneficiaries can become a legal and logistical nightmare without the right strategies.

Let’s discuss some of these challenges even further.

Locating and Accessing Crypto Assets

One of the biggest challenges with crypto estate planning is simply knowing where and how to locate the assets. The decentralized nature of cryptocurrencies makes it challenging to locate and access them after the owner’s death.

Digital wallets, often secured with private keys, may be difficult to find or require specialized knowledge to access. This is especially true if the owner has used multiple wallets or exchanges over time. These wallets can exist across multiple platforms or exchanges, and the decentralized nature of the blockchain means there’s no “help desk” to call if the executor of your estate can’t access them.

What’s worse, private keys are often long strings of random characters, impossible to guess or recreate. Without them, access to cryptocurrency is lost permanently.

Even if an heir knows you have Bitcoin (BTC) or Ether (ETH), they can’t unlock it without the necessary credentials. This situation makes it essential to have a secure but accessible way of sharing this information as part of your estate plan.

Fiduciary and Oversight Concerns

Traditional estate planning mechanisms, such as wills and trusts, may not be well-suited for managing crypto assets. Cryptocurrencies are less regulated than traditional financial assets. This raises questions about how fiduciaries—such as estate executors, trustees, or legal guardians—can legally manage or oversee these assets.

Bitcoin estate planning becomes particularly complex due to the legal uncertainties and the technical knowledge required to handle these digital assets. Fiduciaries may lack the technical expertise or understanding to manage these digital assets effectively. They may also face challenges in ensuring the security of the assets and protecting against potential losses due to market fluctuations or hacking.

Additionally, some jurisdictions are still figuring out how to treat cryptocurrencies in the context of estate planning.

Are they considered property, currencies, or securities? The classification matters because it determines how taxes apply and what legal rights your heirs have.

Until there’s greater regulatory clarity, crypto estate planning remains murky and filled with legal uncertainties.

Cybersecurity Threats

Cryptocurrency is a lucrative target for cybercriminals. Estate planning involves sharing sensitive information, such as private keys and wallet passwords, which introduces vulnerabilities to your assets.

If your information is compromised, your heirs may not only lose their inheritance but could also face the additional legal and financial burden of trying to recover stolen assets.

Unlike traditional assets that can be frozen or recovered through legal action, once cryptocurrency is stolen, it is extremely difficult—if not impossible—to retrieve. Therefore, cybersecurity is a critical aspect of crypto estate planning.

The risk of unauthorized access to digital wallets increases the complexity of estate planning, as it requires robust security measures to protect the assets. Proper encryption, secure storage, and limiting the number of people with access to sensitive information are all essential in protecting these digital assets from crypto hacks and scams.

Here Are Three Crypto Estate Planning Option That Work

Failing to plan effectively for the transfer of these assets after death can lead to lost wealth or legal challenges for heirs.

Will

While a will is a fundamental estate planning tool, it may not be sufficient for crypto assets. It’s essential to include specific instructions regarding the location of digital wallets, private keys, and any necessary access codes.

Consider appointing a tech-savvy executor who can navigate the complexities of cryptocurrencies. However, be aware that wills can be public documents, so sensitive information about private keys should be handled with care.

Trustee

A more secure option is appointing a trustee who has specific knowledge about how to manage crypto assets. This individual or entity would be responsible for managing and distributing your cryptocurrency holdings according to the instructions in a trust document.

By setting up a trust, you can avoid the public probate process, thereby keeping sensitive information, like private keys, out of the public domain. The trustee can also implement security measures to protect the assets from unauthorized access.

LLC

Another increasingly popular option is to establish an LLC in the United States to hold your cryptocurrency assets. This option allows you to separate your digital holdings from your personal estate, providing both legal protection and privacy.

Upon your death, the LLC would continue to exist, and ownership can be transferred according to the rules you’ve set in place.

An LLC can be particularly beneficial for people with significant crypto holdings, as it offers a legal structure that allows for smoother transitions of ownership. It can also help minimize tax liabilities and protect assets from creditors.

You can establish detailed instructions for how the LLC should be managed after your passing, including the distribution of crypto assets.

The LLC option provides a robust solution to many estate planning challenges. However, setting up and managing an LLC in the U.S. requires careful consideration and involves legal and financial professionals.

Final Take

Crypto estate planning requires a thoughtful and proactive approach. By understanding the challenges and exploring the available options, individuals can ensure that their crypto assets are protected and transferred according to their wishes.

It’s advisable to consult with legal and financial professionals who specialize in cryptocurrencies to develop a comprehensive estate plan that addresses the unique needs of digital assets.

Remember to also regularly review and update your plan as the crypto landscape evolves.

Dipo Olowookere is a journalist based in Nigeria that has passion for reporting business news stories. At his leisure time, he watches football and supports 3SC of Ibadan. Mr Olowookere can be reached via [email protected]

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Economy

Lokpobiri Warns Oil License Bidders Against Hoarding

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Oil License Bidders

By Adedapo Adesanya

The Minister of State for Petroleum Resources (Oil), Mr Heineken Lokpobiri, has issued a stern warning to oil and gas investors that petroleum licences in Nigeria are strictly for active development, not asset hoarding or speculative holding, declaring that operators must drill or risk losing their rights.

He made this admonition while delivering his message at the 2025 Nigerian Upstream Petroleum Regulatory Commission (NUPRC) Licensing Bid Round Conference in Lagos, where he outlined the government’s hardline stance on asset utilisation and investor accountability.

“The oil assets in portfolio are not mere symbols or souvenirs,” Mr Lokpobiri said, adding that, “Holders of licences are obligated to drill, drill and drill for a shared benefit for the Government, Nigerians and the operators.”

He stressed that the administration is determined to ensure petroleum assets are translated into tangible economic value, noting that licences are time-bound rights granted solely for productive use.

“These assets belong to the Federal Government, and licences are granted strictly for a defined period for productive use, not passive ownership,” the minister said. “Our licensing framework is designed to eliminate speculation and ensure that only serious, capable investors participate.”

Mr Lokpobiri also issued a strong caution to bidders seeking to participate in the 2025 licensing round, urging them to fully understand the process and obligations before submitting bids.

“As prospects take part in this bid round, a clear understanding of the modus operandi guiding the process is essential,” he said, recalling previous bid rounds where some winners attempted to reverse their commitments.

“Past experiences have shown instances where some winning bidders sought refunds based on unmet expectations or perceived asset limitations,” Lokpobiri stated. “Such actions are untenable, as there is no provision in law for the refund of a bid already won.”

According to him, the conference was convened to remove ambiguity and protect the integrity of the licensing system, stressing that the government would strictly enforce all contractual obligations arising from the process.

“This conference serves to provide clarity upfront,” he said. “Participants must be fully informed, deliberate and committed, as the Government will uphold the sanctity of the process and enforce all obligations.”

The minister’s remarks reinforce the Federal Government’s broader push to accelerate upstream development, boost production and attract only technically and financially capable investors into Nigeria’s oil and gas sector, amid renewed licensing activity under the Petroleum Industry Act (PIA).

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Economy

NGX Removes Embargo on Trading in Premier Paints Stocks After Four Years

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Premier Paints Plc1

By Dipo Olowookere

The suspension earlier placed on Premier Paints Plc, preventing investors from buying and selling its stocks on the Nigerian Exchange (NGX) Limited, has now been lifted.

The embargo was removed on Wednesday, a notice from the stock exchange, seen by Business Post, disclosed.

Almost four years ago, Premier Paints was suspended from the bourse due to the inability of its board to file the company’s financial results.

The NGX had on July 1, 2022, informed the investing community it had prohibited the trading of the organisation’s securities “in line with the provisions of Rule 3.1: Rules for Filing of Accounts and Treatment of Default Filing (Default Filing Rules).

The part of the rules provides that: “If an Issuer fails to file the relevant accounts by the expiration of the cure period, the exchange will; a) send to the issuer a second filing deficiency notification within two business days after the end of the cure period, b) suspend trading in the issuer’s securities, and c) notify the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and the market within 24 hours of the suspension.”

In the latest disclosure dated Wednesday, January 14, 2026, and signed by the Head of Issuer Regulation Department of the NGX, Mr Godstime Iwenekhai, it was revealed that Premier Paints has now done the needful.

“The company has now filed all outstanding financial statements to Nigerian Exchange Limited.

“In view of the company’s submission of its outstanding financial statements, and pursuant to Rule 3.3 of the Default Filing Rules, which states that; The suspension of trading in the issuer’s securities shall be lifted upon submission of the relevant accounts provided The exchange is satisfied that the accounts comply with all applicable rules of the exchange. The exchange shall thereafter also announce through the medium by which the public and the SEC was initially notified of the suspension, that the suspension has been lifted, trading license holders and the investing public are hereby notified that the suspension placed on trading on the shares of Premier Paints Plc was lifted (on) Wednesday, January 14, 2026,” the circular stated.

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Economy

FG Foresees Nigerian Economy Growing by 4.68% in 2026

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Nigerian Economy

By Adedapo Adesanya

The federal government expects the Nigerian economy to grow by 4.68 per cent in 2026, supported by easing inflation, improved foreign exchange stability and continued fiscal reforms, the federal government said on Thursday.

The projection was outlined by the Minister of Finance and Coordinating Minister of the Economy, Mr Wale Edun, during the launch of the Nigerian Economic Summit Group (NESG) 2026 Macroeconomic Outlook Report in Lagos.

Mr Edun said Nigeria had moved beyond the crisis-management phase of recent years and was now entering a period of economic consolidation, where stability must translate into growth, jobs and improved living standards.

According to the minister, two years of difficult reforms have helped stabilise key macroeconomic indicators, creating a platform for sustained expansion.

Inflation, which peaked above 33 per cent in 2024, declined to 15.15 per cent by December 2025. Foreign exchange volatility has eased, with the Naira trading below N1,500 to the Dollar, while external reserves rose to $45.5 billion.

GDP growth averaged 3.78 per cent by the third quarter of 2025, with 27 sectors recording expansion, Mr Edun said.

He warned, however, that Nigeria could not afford to reverse course.

Mr Edun said Nigeria cannot afford to pause or retreat from its reform agenda adding that the success of the consolidation phase would determine whether recent gains deliver productive jobs and shared prosperity.

The finance minister also addressed public concerns about Nigeria’s rising debt stock, which stood at about N152 trillion, insisting that the increase was largely the result of transparency and exchange rate adjustments rather than fresh borrowing.

He explained that about N30 trillion of the figure reflected previously unrecognised Ways and Means advances, now formally recorded, while nearly N49 trillion resulted from the revaluation of foreign debt following exchange rate reforms.

Despite the higher nominal figure, Nigeria’s debt-to-GDP ratio declined to 36.1 per cent, which the minister said remained among the lowest in Africa and well below the global average.

Reviewing fiscal outcomes in 2025, Mr Edun said the government maintained discipline despite revenue pressures, particularly from the oil and gas sector.

The fiscal deficit was kept at about 3.4 per cent of GDP, while non-oil revenue performance improved and allocations to states increased, strengthening fiscal federalism.

He also said the government achieved 84 per cent capital budget execution for 2024 projects during the transition period.

The minister noted that the 2026 Budget of Consolidation, Renewed Resilience and Shared Prosperity, currently under deliberation by the National Assembly, would prioritise growth-enhancing investments.

The budget proposes N58.18 trillion in total spending, including N26 trillion for capital expenditure, representing about 44 per cent of the total budget, one of the largest capital spending plans in Nigeria’s history.

Inflation is projected to average 16.5 per cent in 2026, while the exchange rate is expected to stabilise around N1,400/$1.

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