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Over N2 Trillion Cash in Circulation—CBN

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By Adedapo Adesanya

Total Currency-in-Circulation (CIC) rose by 0.8 percent to N2.3 trillion as at the end of December 2018 according to the 2018 Annual Report released by the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) through the Currency Operations Department (COD).

This rise in circulation according to the report reflected the high dominance of cash in the economy and increase in economic activities.

In terms of volume, the proportion of higher denomination banknotes – N100, N200, N500 and N1000 in total rose from 41.9 percent to 44.3 percent while in terms of value, it rose from 96.9 percent to 97.6 percent.

On the other hand, the lower denomination currency notes – N5, N10, N20 and N50 continued to be dominant in terms of volume compared to higher notes as it constituted 55.7 percent of the total, while in value terms, it constituted only 2.4 percent of the total banknotes.

The ratio of CIC to nominal GDP, which measures the moneyness of the economy recorded slight falls by 0.1 percentage point to 1.8 percent in the period under review and according to the report, this decline occurred as a result of increase in e-payment products such as electronic payment cards.

The report also indicated that the COD during the period under review recorded significant progress in the accomplishment of its strategic objectives, which included: development of a Clean Notes Policy and Banknote Fitness Guidelines; the tiered pricing for the processing of lower denomination banknotes, increased volume of issuable banknotes and effective distribution of banknotes.

It also registered more Cash-In-Transit (CIT) and Cash Processing Companies (CPC), which encouraged private sector participation; commissioning of the temporary exhibition “Naira Our National Pride” for public enlightenment on banknote basic security features.

Other noteworthy achievements made in 2018 include the development of the Cash Activity Reporting Portal (CARP) for transmission of financial industry currency management data to Nigeria Inter-Bank Settlement System (NIBSS); approval granted by management for the establishment of mobile courts, in collaboration with Legal Services Department (LSD), for the speedy prosecution of suspects apprehended for currency-related offences; and a pilot run on recycling of banknotes waste into re-usable materials to reduce its carbon footprints and comply with environmental sustainability practices.

Adedapo Adesanya is a journalist, polymath, and connoisseur of everything art. When he is not writing, he has his nose buried in one of the many books or articles he has bookmarked or simply listening to good music with a bottle of beer or wine. He supports the greatest club in the world, Manchester United F.C.

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Economy

NECA Launches Nigeria’s First ESG Implementation Guide for MSMEs

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MSMEs Minimum Wage Payment

By Adedapo Adesanya

Nigeria Employers’ Consultative Association (NECA) has inaugurated the country’s first Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) Implementation Guide for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) to strengthen business sustainability.

The guide was inaugurated on Tuesday during the 2026 Nigeria Employers’ Summit in Abuja in collaboration with the International Labour Organisation (ILO).

Chairman of the NECA ESG Advisory Board, Mr Femi Jaiyeola, described the guide as a milestone for strengthening the competitiveness and sustainability of Nigerian MSMEs.

He said MSMEs remained the backbone of Nigeria’s economy and required practical tools to compete in an increasingly sustainability-driven global business environment.

Mr Jaiyeola said ESG had evolved beyond regulatory compliance into a strategic business tool for attracting investment, improving competitiveness and enhancing long-term enterprise value.

He said ESG also presented significant opportunities for MSMEs and Nigeria’s economy beyond meeting regulatory obligations.

According to him, the guide comes as regulators, financial institutions and global markets increasingly demand sustainable business practices from enterprises of all sizes.

The official said ESG reporting was expected to become mandatory in Nigeria by 2030, urging MSMEs to begin preparations immediately.

He said the guide provided a practical roadmap to help MSMEs adopt ESG principles progressively while delivering measurable business value and organisational resilience.

According to him, ESG adoption will improve access to finance, strengthen business reputation and expand opportunities in international value chains.

He described the guide as a practical tool that would enable Nigerian MSMEs to compete, grow and thrive in a sustainability-driven economy.

Mr Jaiyeola commended ILO consultants and members of the NECA ESG Advisory Board for supporting the development of the implementation guide.

He recalled that NECA, with ILO support, launched an ESG assessment on Dec. 4, 2025, to strengthen sustainability practices across Nigerian businesses.

According to him, the assessment highlighted the need to integrate MSMEs into Nigeria’s ESG framework because of their contributions to economic growth and employment.

Mr Jaiyeola said the implementation guide was the first designed specifically for MSMEs in Nigeria and, to NECA’s knowledge, across Africa.

He expressed confidence that the guide would help MSMEs understand ESG principles and improve competitiveness in local and international markets.

Mr Jaiyeola disclosed that six NECA officials were undergoing specialised ESG training for SMEs at the ILO International Training Centre in Turin, Italy.

He said the officials would train MSMEs across Nigeria’s six geopolitical zones after completing the programme. According to him, the initiative demonstrates NECA’s commitment to building business capacity for sustainability and global competitiveness.

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Economy

World Bank Backs Nigeria with $1.25bn Loan to Drive Investment, Jobs

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World Bank Blacklists

By Adedapo Adesanya

The World Bank has approved $1.25 billion in development financing to help Nigeria spur economic growth and create jobs.

Unveiled under its Nigeria Actions for Investment and Jobs Acceleration programme, the approval was announced on Wednesday alongside the launch of a new Country Partnership Framework for Nigeria, spanning 2026 to 2032.

The global lender, in a statement, noted that the newly endorsed strategy aims to guide its support over the next six years, primarily focusing on creating higher-quality jobs.

The Bretton Woods-based bank said the $1.25 billion Development Policy Financing operation is expected to back reforms aimed at improving Nigeria’s business environment and strengthening long-term economic growth.

According to the statement, the planned reforms include expanding capital markets, updating regulations for the digital economy and e-governance, accelerating electricity sector reforms, reducing trade barriers in line with Nigeria’s commitments under the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) and the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA), improving access to quality agricultural seeds and increasing domestic revenue generation.

The loan comes amid increased criticism over the rate of borrowing under the Bola Tinubu-led administration, which has seen the country’s debt profile now almost at N160 trillion, as per the latest data from the Debt Management Office (DMO).

The Bank stressed that the new framework is built on Nigeria’s recent macroeconomic reforms, which it noted have successfully driven economic growth, bolstered external reserves, and improved investor confidence.

“The World Bank Group has endorsed a new Country Partnership Framework for Nigeria spanning 2026–2032, setting out a strategy to create more and better jobs at scale by unlocking private sector-led growth,” the bank stated in the statement.

World Bank Country Director for Nigeria, Mr Mathew Verghis, while highlighting the need to convert financial benchmarks into human development, emphasised the core mission of the project.

“Our new Country Partnership Framework provides the strategy for how the World Bank Group will support Nigeria over the coming years, with a strong focus on helping to create more and better jobs, particularly by enabling private sector-led growth.

“The recent macroeconomic gains have been critical to help stabilise the economy. Translating improved macroeconomic conditions into better living standards will require addressing the structural constraints to spur private sector investment and job creation,” Mr Verghis said.

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Economy

NASD Index Rises 0.89% as Market Capitalisation Hits N2.580trn

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NASD Unlisted Securities Index

By Adedapo Adesanya

The NASD Over-the-Counter (OTC) Securities Exchange improved by 0.89 per cent on Tuesday, June 30, spurring the market capitalisation to chalk up N22.72 billion to close at N2.580 trillion, in contrast to the preceding session’s N2.557 trillion.

In the same vein, the NASD Unlisted Security Index (NSI) added 37.85 points during the session to settle at 4,2991.41 points from Monday’s 4,261.56 points.

The unlisted securities market gained weight yesterday after finishing with three price losers and gainers, led by Nipco Plc, which improved its share price by N34.24 to N384.00 per unit from N349.76 per unit. FrieslandCampina Wamco Nigeria Plc appreciated by N10.25 to close at N152.01 per share versus N141.76 per share, and Food Concepts Plc soared by 7 Kobo to settle at N2.50 per unit versus N2.43 per unit.

On the flip side, Afriland Properties Plc weakened by N1.57 to N15.17 per share from N16.74 per share, Central Securities Clearing System (CSCS) Plc lost 48 Kobo to trade at N88.00 per unit compared with Monday’s N88.48 per unit, and Geo-Fluids Plc eased by 24 Kobo to N2.37 per share from N2.61 per share.

During the session, the volume of securities traded by market participants moved up by 268.9 per cent to 846,063 units from 229,314 units, while the value of securities dropped 34.9 per cent to N15.99 million from N24.6 million, and the number of deals crashed by 26.5 per cent to 25 deals from 34 deals.

Great Nigeria Insurance (GNI) Plc remained the most active stock by value on a year-to-date basis, with 3.4 billion units worth N8.4 billion, the second spot was occupied by Infrastructure Credit Guarantee (Infracredit) Plc with 2.3 billion units valued at N6.5 billion, and the third spot was taken by CSCS Plc with 68.8 million units traded for N4.7 billion.

GNI Plc also ended the day as the most active stock by volume on a year-to-date basis, with 3.4 billion units exchanged for N8.4 billion, followed by Infracredit Plc with 2.3 billion units transacted N6.5 billion, and Resourcery Plc with 1.1 billion units sold for N415.7 million.

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