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Retail vs. Institutional Forex Trading: What Nigerian Traders Need to Know

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retail Forex Trading

Most traders in Nigeria are retail traders. They use personal money and trade on online platforms. Understanding how retail trading compares to institutional trading helps new traders make better choices. Knowing the differences also helps traders set realistic goals and avoid common traps. Retail traders do not have the same power, tools, or market influence as institutions, but they can still grow their accounts with smart choices and consistent habits. This article will explain the key differences and how Nigerian retail traders can succeed by focusing on skill, discipline, and risk control.

What Is Retail Forex Trading?

Retail traders trade with their own money, usually in small amounts. They use mobile apps or desktop platforms like MetaTrader to buy and sell financial instruments. Retail trading is open to anyone with internet access and a small deposit, which makes it popular in Nigeria. However, retail traders usually have limited access to financial data, trading tools, and fast execution speeds.

What Is Institutional Trading?

Institutional trading is carried out by banks, hedge funds, and large financial firms. These institutions trade large volumes of money and have direct access to liquidity providers. They use advanced tools, private data feeds, and faster order execution. Their trading decisions are often based on deep market analysis and are supported by teams of professionals.

Key Differences Between Retail and Institutional Trading

  1. Capital: Institutions manage millions or even billions in assets. In contrast, retail traders often begin with as little as $100 or $1,000. The amount of capital affects how trades are placed and how much risk is taken.
  2. Tools and Access: Institutional traders use advanced trading software, direct market access, and exclusive data sources. Retail traders work with public platforms and slower data, which can limit their reaction time.
  3. Market Impact: Institutional traders place large orders that can influence price movement. Retail traders do not affect market direction due to the smaller size of their trades.
  4. Costs: Institutions pay lower fees and spreads because they trade in bulk. Retail traders usually face higher costs per trade, including wider spreads and commissions.

Can Retail FX Traders Succeed?

Yes, retail traders can succeed if they follow a clear plan and manage risk properly. Many individuals in Nigeria have turned small accounts into meaningful profits by being consistent and disciplined. They focus on learning, testing strategies, and avoiding emotional decisions. You can read about successful forex traders from Nigeria.

Tips for Retail Traders in Nigeria

Retail traders in Nigeria should focus on using a simple strategy that they understand clearly. They should risk only a small amount of their capital on each trade to avoid large losses. It is important to trade without emotion and to treat each trade as a learning opportunity to improve future decisions. Keeping a trading journal can also help track progress and find patterns in both success and failure.

Economy

Geo-Fluids Seeks Approval to Raise Share Capital to N25bn

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Geo-Fluids

By Aduragbemi Omiyale

One of the players in the hydrocarbon business in Nigeria, Geo-Fluids Plc, which trades its securities on the NASD OTC Securities Exchange, is planning to restructure its share capital with an increased of about 1,090 per cent.

Next Monday, the company will hold its Annual General Meeting (AGM) and one of the resolutions to be tabled to shareholders by the board is an authorisation for raising the share capital from N2.1 billion to N25.0 billion.

This is to be achieved by creating an additional 45,742,332,488 ordinary shares of 50 kobo each, each ranking pari passu in all respects with the existing ordinary shares of the firm.

Funds from this action would be used to expand the business scope to include hydrocarbons, mining, and natural resource development.

“That the share capital of the company be and is hereby increased from N2,128,833,756 to N25,000,000,000 ordinary shares of 50 kobo each, each ranking pari passu in all respects with the existing ordinary shares of the company,” a part of the resolutions read.

In addition, Geo-Fluids wants approval, “To undertake the business of bitumen production and processing in all its forms, including but not limited to the exploration, prospecting, drilling, extraction, refining, treatment, blending, storage, packaging, distribution, marketing, importation, exportation, shipping, transportation, trading, and general supply of bitumen, its derivatives, by-products, and ancillary materials; and to carry on all other related or incidental undertakings, services, or operations that may be considered advantageous, beneficial, or necessary for the advancement, expansion, or diversification of the bitumen industry.”

Also, it wants the authority of shareholders, “To engage in the acquisition, development, and management of mining assets and concessions for the purpose of exploring, extracting, processing, and producing hydrocarbons, oil and gas, minerals, and other natural resources; and to develop, mine, and process coal, industrial minerals, and other raw materials required for industrial, commercial, energy, or infrastructural purposes, together with all related activities necessary to ensure the effective exploitation, utilisation, and commercialisation of such resources.”

Further, it wants, “To operate and participate in all segments of the oil and gas value chain, including but not limited to the exploration, prospecting, drilling, extraction, refining, processing, storage, blending, supply, marketing, distribution, importation, exportation, transportation, shipping, and trading of crude oil, refined petroleum products, petrochemicals, liquefied natural gas, compressed natural gas, and other related hydrocarbons and derivatives; and to establish, own, operate, or participate in facilities, ventures, or partnerships that advance the energy and petroleum sector.”

At the forthcoming meeting, the organisation wants its name changed from Geo-Fluids Plc to The Geo-Fluids Group Plc.

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Economy

PENGASSAN Kicks Against Full Privatisation of Refineries

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NNPC Port Harcourt refinery petrol

By Adedapo Adesanya

The Petroleum and Natural Gas Senior Staff Association of Nigeria (PENGASSAN) has warned against the full privatisation of the country’s government-owned refineries.

Recall that the Nigerian National Petroleum Company (NNPC) is putting in place mechanisms to sell the moribund refineries in Port Harcourt, Warri, and Kaduna.

However, this has met fresh resistance, with the President of PENGASSAN, Mr Festus Osifo, saying selling a 100 per cent stake would mean the government losing total control of the refineries, a situation he warned would be detrimental to Nigeria’s energy security.

Mr Osifo said the union was advocating the sale of about 51 per cent of the government’s stake while retaining 49 per cent, which he described as being more beneficial to Nigerians.

“PENGASSAN, even before the time of Comrade Peter Esele, had been advocating that government should sell its shares. The reason why we don’t want government to sell it 100 per cent to private investors is because of the issue bordering on energy security,” he said on Channels Television, late on Sunday.

“So, what we have advocated is what I have said earlier. If government sells 51 per cent stake in the refinery, what is going to happen? They will lose control, so that is actually selling. But for the benefit of Nigerians, retain 49 per cent of it.“

The PENGASSAN leader maintained that if the government had heeded the union’s advice in the past, the oil industry would be in a better state than it is today.

He addressed  concerns in some quarters over whether investors would be willing to buy stakes in government-owned refineries, insisting that there are investors who would be interested.

“Yes, there are investors who surely will be willing to buy a stake in the refinery because our population in Nigeria is quite huge, and those refineries, when well maintained without political pressures and political interference, will work,” he said.

However, Mr Osifo warned that even if the government decides to sell a 51 per cent stake, it must ensure that a complete valuation is carried out to avoid selling the refineries cheaply.

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Economy

SEC Gives Capital Market Operators Deadline to Renew Registration

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Capital Market Institute

By Aduragbemi Omiyale

Capital market operators have been given a deadline by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) for the renewal of their registration.

A statement from the regulator said CMOs have till Saturday, January 31, 2026, to renew their registration, and to make the process seamless, an electronic receipt and processing of applications would commence in the first quarter of 2026.

“These initiatives reflect our commitment to leveraging technology for faster, more transparent, and efficient regulatory processes.

“The commission is taking deliberate steps to make regulatory processes faster, more transparent, and technology-driven. We are investing in automation, database-supervision, and secure infrastructure to improve how we interact with the market,” the Director General of SEC, Mr Emomotimi Agama, was quoted as saying in the statement during an interview in Abuja over the weekend.

He noted that through the digital transformation portal, the organisation has automated registration and licensing end-to-end as operators can now submit applications, upload documents, and track approvals online, cutting down manual processing time and reducing the need for physical visits.

According to him, the agency has also rolled out the Commercial Paper issuance module, which allows operators to file documents, monitor progress, and receive approvals electronically while feedback from early users shows a clear improvement in turnaround time.

“Work is ongoing to automate quarterly and annual returns submissions, with structured templates and system checks to ensure accuracy. A returns analytics dashboard is also in development to support risk based supervision and exception reporting.

“To back these changes, we have started upgrading our IT infrastructure, servers, storage, networks, and security layers, to boost speed and reliability.

“Selective cloud migration is underway for platforms that need scalability and external access, while core internal systems remain on premisev5p for now as we assess security and cost implications.

“At the same time, we are strengthening data integrity and cybersecurity with vulnerability assessments and planned penetration testing once automation and migration phases are stable.

“These efforts show our commitment to building a modern, resilient regulatory environment that supports efficiency, investor confidence, and market stability,” he stated.

Mr Agama affirmed that the nation’s capital market was clearly on a path toward digital transformation adding that there is an urgent need for regulatory clarity on advanced technologies, targeted support for smaller firms, and capacity-building initiatives.

“A phased and proportionate approach to regulating emerging technologies such as AI is essential, complemented by internal readiness through supervisory technology tools.

“Furthermore, investor education, particularly among younger demographics, will be critical to future-proof participation and drive fintech adoption.

“Innovation is vital, but it must be accompanied by responsibility. As operators embrace automation, artificial intelligence, and data-driven tools, they bear a duty to ensure ethical, secure, and compliant deployment. Safeguarding investor data, preventing market abuse, and maintaining operational resilience are non-negotiable,” he declared.

The SEC DG said that ultimately, responsible technology adoption is about building trust, the cornerstone of our markets saying that trust thrives on fairness, transparency, accountability, and regulatory compliance.

He, therefore, urged operators to uphold these principles adding that it will not only protect investors and systemic stability but also strengthen the long-term credibility and competitiveness of the Nigerian capital market.

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