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Economy

Senator Suggests N100 as Highest Denomination in Circulation

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highest denomination in circulation

By Aduragbemi Omiyale

The lawmaker representing Taraba Central Senatorial District at the National Assembly, Mr Yusuf Abubakar Yusuf, has said to curb corruption and prevent having a larger percentage of money in circulation in the hands of kidnappers and others, he would want the highest denomination in circulation in Nigeria to be N100, and not N1,000.

The Senator gave this submission at the plenary on Thursday during a debate on the new cashless policy of the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN), which aims to make the highest cash withdrawal for individuals in a week N100,000 and N500,000 for corporate organisations.

On October 26, 2022, the Governor of the CBN, Mr Godwin Emefiele, informed newsmen that of the N3.2 trillion in circulation, about N2.7 trillion was not in the banks’ vaults, a development that prompted the apex bank to redesign the Naira, especially the N200, N500, and N1,000 denominations.

On November 23, 2022, President Muhammadu Buhari unveiled the new notes, and on December 15, 2022, they were officially introduced into the financial system, with banks giving out the new banknotes at over-the-counter (OTC) and ATMs, with N200 as the highest denomination from the machines from January 9, 2023.

While arguing on the new cash withdrawal limits yesterday, after several persons kicked against it, Mr Yusuf praised the CBN for the policy, saying it would curb corruption.

“When we are talking about cashless, we should be mindful that about N3.3 trillion in circulation, it’s only about a trillion naira that is in the bank. It is a danger to the country.

“Left to me, I would recommend the highest denomination to be N100. I so much support that we should go with the cashless policy in line with the present system that the CBN has adopted,” the lawmaker argued after Mr Uba Sani submitted a report of the Committee on Banking, Insurance and other Financial Institutions on the Implementation of Cashless Policy and the New Withdrawal Limits to the Senate.

Speaking on the report at the plenary presided over by the Deputy Senate President, Mr Ovie Omo-Agege, another Senator, Mr Ajibola Basiru, noted that, “The threshold that had been set is unrealistic to have any robust and meaningful life to our people.

“I am not oblivious to the fact that the committee has come up with recommendations. As a Committee of the Senate, we ought to have been alerted with certain indices to come up with recommendations on what should be the adjustment. I am suggesting that the threshold should be N500,000 for individuals per week.”

For Mr Orji Uzor Kalu, he backed the CBN for the policy but suggested that the limit should be N500,000 per day for individuals and N3 million per day for corporates, noting that this “will cover the fear of anybody.”

In her argument, Mrs Biodun Olujimi stated that, “When this issue came out, everyone that spoke on that day agreed on what the CBN was about to do.

“However, we were sceptical of certain issues contained in the proposal. The details were not clear to any of us. If there had been a consultation, we wouldn’t be where we are today. People would have gotten to know what is required of them and what is required of the CBN.

“The CBN approved POS operators and registered them and took money from them, and now those people can only do so little. It took all our unemployed graduates off the street. This policy will send them back to the streets.

“Why is this happening during an election period? Why is it that it is coming now? There is a need to be flexible in what we are doing now.”

Another contributor to the matter, Mr Adamu Aliero, stated that, “This report gives us an ideal picture of what the country should be but in reality, what is happening is different. The informal sector of the economy is very big, and it is not captured in the banking system.

“More people in the rural areas don’t go to the bank, and there is a need for sensitization and enlightenment in order to make this kind of people embrace the banking system.

“We have 774 Local Governments, and the bank covers only about 60% of these local government areas. It is difficult to really force these people to embrace banking culture. I support the idea of the cashless policy, but we should do it with caution.”

“I don’t think that anybody objects to the fact that a cashless society is what we need. My concern comes as a result of us being punitive.

“We must ensure that our society progresses, and those who make efforts to make an additional living should be encouraged. When you look at the measures CBN has put in their policy, to me, it appears punitive. I think in the global best practice, it doesn’t exist, so we don’t deter people from progressing,” the Senator from Anambra State, Ms Stella Oduah, submitted.

After taking inputs from more lawmakers, the Senate agreed that the central bank should considerably adjust the withdrawal limits in response to public outcry on the policy, with the committee tasked to embark on aggressive oversight of the bank on its commitment to flexible adjustment of the withdrawal limit and periodically report the outcome to the Senate.

Economy

Dangote Plans Seaport in Ogun to Ease Export of Petrol, Fertiliser, Others

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By Adedapo Adesanya

Nigerian billionaire businessman, Mr Aliko Dangote, plans to build a seaport in Ogun State to ease the movement of goods from his factories bound for export.

According to a report by Bloomberg, the proposed Atlantic seaport in Olokola, Ogun state, lies about 100 kilometres (62 miles) by road from the Dangote fertiliser plant and petrochemicals refinery in Lagos.

He will be constructing the port at the same site he had previously planned to build his refinery until infractions with the government led him to change his mind despite fulfilling some financial arrangements.

Speaking to the publication, the businessman said he has sent the paperwork to the government for permission in late June.

“It’s not that we want to do everything by ourselves, but I think doing this will encourage other entrepreneurs to come into it,” he noted.

The establishment of a seaport will make it easier for him to export goods, including petrol, liquefied natural gas, urea, fertiliser, among others, which are limited by constraints and bottlenecks on Nigerian road networks and congested seaports.

Dangote currently exports urea and fertilizer through an on-site jetty he built, that also receives heavy equipment for the refinery.

It was reported that the port will link his logistics and export operations and other competitors facilities in Lagos,  including the Lekki Deep Sea Port in Lagos.

According to the Vice-President of Dangote Industries Limited, Mr Devakumar Edwin, the firm also plans to export liquefied gas from Lagos, a project that will involve constructing pipelines from Nigeria’s oil-rich Niger Delta.

“We want to do a major project to bring more gas than what NLNG is doing today,” he said, adding that, “We know where there is a lot of gas, so run a pipeline all through and then bring it to the shore.”

These developments mark the next step in plans by the further expand his empire both home and abroad. Already, the company plans to start distributing fuel to retailers in Nigeria from August, using a fleet of 4,000 CNG-powered trucks.

Business Post reported last week that he has also started plans to construct storage tanks in Namibia to hold at least 1.6 million barrels of petrol and diesel to supply refined fuel to the southern Africa market.

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Nigeria May See 4.4% GDP Growth, 17.1% Inflation in H2 2025—FSDH

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0.51% GDP Growth

By Adedapo Adesanya

Nigeria may achieve an economic growth of 4.4 per cent and a moderate inflation of 17.1 per cent if crude oil production improves, analysts at FSDH Merchant Bank have projected.

In a report released last week, the firm in its Nigeria Macroeconomic Report for the First Half of 2025, offered critical insights into the global and domestic economic environment.

The report titled Balancing on the Edge in a Fragile World dissected the complex interplay of global disruptions and Nigeria’s economic performance, while providing a forward-looking projection for the second half of 2025.

It said despite global trade tensions, geopolitical unrest in the Middle East, and fragile capital flows, Nigeria showed signs of resilience, underpinned by expanding non-oil exports, moderating inflation, and improving investor sentiment.

“Nigeria has demonstrated encouraging signs of macroeconomic stability in the face of global headwinds. Our PMI data suggests an expanding economy, inflation is decelerating, and exchange rate reforms are strengthening market confidence. However, sustaining this progress requires deep structural reforms, especially in energy, trade, and fiscal management,” the chief executive of FSDH Merchant Bank, Mrs Bukola Smith, was quoted as saying in the note.

For the first half of the year, the report noted that Israel-Iran conflict and a renewed tariff war under US President Donald Trump have triggered global uncertainty, with the IMF cutting global growth projections, adding that oil price volatility and trade disruptions are shaping Nigeria’s external outlook.

It also noted that Nigeria’s inflation has moderated following a revision in the Consumer Price Index (CPI) methodology, inflation slowed from 24.5 per cent in January to 23 per cent in May 2025.

The firm also affirmed that exchange rate reforms were working.

“The Naira showed relative stability, trading within a narrower band. FX reforms and CBN’s transparency have restored investor confidence,” it said, adding that, “Though official GDP data is pending, the Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI) stayed above the 50-point threshold throughout H1, reflecting economic expansion across agriculture, industry, and services.”

It revealed that despite a decline in oil’s share of exports to 62.9 per cent (from 81 per cent in Q1 2024), crude oil production remains below budget benchmarks. This shortfall may affect fiscal performance unless addressed.

Other pointers include NGX All Share Index (NGX-ASI) which returned 16.6 per cent YTD, outperforming many global peers, while foreign portfolio investments surged to $5.03 billion in Q1 as well as the passage of four major tax laws in June, aiming to harmonize tax administration, increase compliance, and improve equity.

“These are expected to raise the tax-to-GDP ratio from 10 per cent to 18 per cent in three years,” it said.

The report then projects that if oil production improves and inflation continues its downward trend in the current half of this year, Nigeria may achieve GDP growth of 4.4 per cent, inflation at 17.1 per cent, and external reserves of $44.3 billion, provided oil output and reforms align in a best-case scenario.

However, Nigeria must leverage current momentum to deepen economic diversification, accelerate reforms in the power and petroleum sectors, and maintain coordination between fiscal and monetary policy.

“Investor sentiment has begun to turn positive. Nigeria’s bond and T-bill markets are attracting renewed interest, and equity markets are gaining momentum.

“At FSDH, we understand that in times like this, clarity and partnership matter more than ever. While we can’t control global events or predict every market move, we remain committed to helping you navigate the complexity with perspective, precision, and purpose,” the Executive Director for Global Markets and Institutional Banking at FSDH, Mr Hakeem Muhammed, said.

The report also noted cautious optimism in the bond and NT-Bills market, as yields softened in response to improved macro indicators, while oil sector stocks on the NGX continued to underperform due to global crude price pressures.

“With the MPR at 27.5 per cent, prime lending rates currently exceed 30 per cent, but projected downward trends in H2 2025 offer a more favourable outlook for debt-funded expansion and capital investments,” added Mrs Stella-Marie Omogbai, Executive Director, Corporate Banking and Branches, FSDH Merchant Bank, “Interest rates are expected to ease due to projections on MPC rates dropping to at least 27 per cent, supported by fresh capital inflows in the banking industry and reduced inflation concerns.”

“FSDH, in partnership with DFIs, will continue to provide funding at competitive rates to help businesses grow,” she further stated.

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Economy

Bitcoin Crosses Landmark $122,000 Milestone for First Time Ever

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The Economics of Bitcoin

By Adedapo Adesanya

Bitcoin crossed the $122,000 level for the first time on Monday.

The development marks a milestone for the world’s largest cryptocurrency as investors bet on long-sought policy wins for the industry this week.

Three major bills, the Clarity Act, the Genius Act, and the Anti-CBDC Surveillance State Act, are set to be reviewed by the US lawmakers.

The crypto asset scaled a record high of $122,482.00 on Monday, before pulling back slightly to last trade 3.9 per cent higher at $122,462.70, as of press time.

The surge in bitcoin, which is up 29 per cent for the year so far, has sparked a broader rally across other cryptocurrencies over the past few sessions, even in the face of President Donald Trump’s chaotic tariffs.

Ether (ETH), the second-largest token, scaled a more than five-month high of $3,050.90, while Ripple (XRP) and Solana (SOL) gained about 3 per cent each at $2.95 and $166.23, respectively.

Other benchmarked tokens like Finance Coin (BNB) and Dogecoin (DOGE) are also up at $703.61 and $0.2055, respectively.

Reuters reported that starting on Monday, the US House of Representatives will debate the series of bills to provide the digital asset industry with the nation’s regulatory framework it has long demanded.

Those demands have resonated with President Trump, who has called himself the “crypto president” and urged policymakers to revamp rules in favour of the industry.

The sector’s total market value has swelled to about $3.78 trillion, according to data from CoinMarketCap.

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