Feature/OPED
Is Nigeria Economically Broke? Challenges and Opportunities in Africa’s Largest Economy
By Blaise Udunze
Is Nigeria, Africa’s largest economy, economically broke? It is a question no patriotic citizen wants to confront, yet one that confronts every Nigerian daily at the fuel pump, the market stall, the school gate, the hospital reception, and increasingly, in the national accounts. The country’s fiscal reality is no longer a debate in economic circles alone; it is a lived experience for millions and a gathering storm for future generations.
To understand the gravity of the nation’s situation, one must look beyond political speeches and interrogate Nigeria’s borrowing patterns, revenue profile/debt numbers, public spending, and the economic behavior of both federal and state governments under President Bola Ahmed Tinubu’s. administration. What emerges is a troubling picture as taxation is squeezing small businesses, borrowing is mortgaging the nation’s tomorrow, and shockingly, the trillions shared among federal, state, and local governments every month translate into little visible development. Nigeria’s books show figures, but her streets show a different reality.
Since President Bola Ahmed Tinubu assumed office in June 2023, Nigeria’s public debt has spiraled from N33.3 trillion to N152.4 trillion by mid-2025 which represents a staggering 348.6 percent increase in just two years. Economies do not collapse overnight; they weaken gradually, sending warning signs that only become obvious in hindsight. Nigeria is flashing all the red signals today. Between July and October 2025 alone, the government secured over $24.79 billion, €4 billion, ¥15 billion, N757 billion, and another $500 million in sukuk bonds. These figures, in a functional economy, should translate into expanded electricity capacity, world-class healthcare systems, vibrant industries, better roads, thriving SMEs, and export-oriented value chains. Instead, much of Nigeria’s real sector remains stagnant as energy is unstable, industrial output is weak, and infrastructure remains largely stuck in the realm of political promises.
Borrowing, in itself, is not the crime. Nations borrow to grow. Borrowing becomes a problem when the funds are not directed toward productive, self-liquidating projects capable of paying back the debt through increased economic activity. Nigeria borrows aggressively but produces too little. The loans are not translating into productivity or growth, which is why the debt-servicing burden continues to rise. Today, more than 90 percent of government revenue is spent on servicing old debts. In some quarters, debt servicing now consumes 25 percent of Nigeria’s entire annual revenue. This means that governance has been reduced to fiscal survival, with vital sectors such as education, healthcare, and industrialization competing for the crumbs left after creditors take their share.
Professor Uche Uwaleke of Nasarawa State University captured it aptly: “Nigeria’s debt service ratio is inimical to economic development… The opportunity cost for the country is high.” The tragedy is clear as the country has substituted borrowing for revenue and debt servicing for development. At the 2025 IMF and World Bank Meetings, global leaders lamented Africa’s growing debt, which has now exceeded $1.3 trillion. Sub-Saharan African governments spent over $89 billion servicing debts in 2025 alone. Yet Nigeria’s case stands out because of its size, population, weak industrial base, and persistent revenue leakages. Nigeria continues to borrow through Eurobonds, multilateral loans, bilateral facilities, and sukuk instruments, even without a corresponding rise in productivity. This raises a painful but necessary question: if these loans are development financing, where is the development?
Recently, the House of Representatives approved President Tinubu’s request to borrow $2.35 billion to finance part of the 2025 budget deficit. This is not borrowing to invest, it is borrowing to plug holes, pay salaries, and service existing debts. This is fiscal survivalism, not economic transformation. Countries that borrow to build infrastructure grow out of debt. Countries that borrow to fund recurrent expenditure sink deeper into it. Nigeria is drifting toward the latter.
The African Democratic Congress (ADC) bluntly accused the president of being “addicted to debts,” noting that if all requested loans for 2025 are approved, Nigeria’s debt stock could reach N193 trillion. The Debt Management Office confirmed the possibility. In the ADC’s words: “You cannot claim your house is in order while taking new loans to stop the roof from collapsing.” The loan in question was the N1.15 trillion request by President Tinubu to fund the 2025 budget deficit, which the Senate and House of Representatives gave their approval during last Wednesday’s plenary.
Despite government assurances that inflation is easing by recording 18.02 percent headline inflation and 16.87 percent food inflation, Nigerians feel no relief. Prices remain high, purchasing power continues to collapse, and businesses are shutting down. There is no statistical comfort in an empty dinner plate.
While federal borrowing continues to dominate conversations, an equally critical yet often ignored dimension lies at the state level. Since the fuel subsidy removal in June 2023, state governments have become quiet but major beneficiaries of the enlarged FAAC allocations as a feeding bottle.
NEITI and OAGF/NBS records show that between June 2023 and June 2025, FAAC distributed N25.65 trillion yet few Nigerians can point to commensurate development in their states. Roads remain terrible. State industries are dead. Capital projects are abandoned. Health and education sectors are underfunded. Internally generated revenue remains weak.
Many states have weaponized FAAC allocations into a system of dependence. They line up monthly for their share but fail to harness the natural resources, agricultural potential, tourism corridors, or industrial hubs available within their territories.
Nigeria’s fiscal health is not a function of what federal government collects alone, it is a function of what the states produce. Development is a chain; a weak link breaks the entire system. Many states have become consumption centers instead of production hubs, contributing significantly to the national productivity crisis. Until FAAC allocations are tied to measurable development outcomes, Nigeria will continue to share poverty, not prosperity.
All these realities force Nigerians to ask again if Nigeria is economically broke?
A country is economically broke:
- when it borrows to survive rather than to grow;
- when it spends the bulk of its income servicing old debts;
- when its states depend on allocations instead of productivity;
- when taxation cripples rather than empowers businesses; and
- when development is measured by political speeches, not real outcomes.
By these metrics, Nigeria is edging dangerously close to fiscal insolvency, living on borrowed money and borrowed time.
Yet despite this troubling landscape, Nigeria’s economic prospects are not irredeemable. The country possesses immense opportunities that, if harnessed, could transform its economic future to becoming one of the most vibrant in the world.
- Diversification: Agriculture, Technology, and Services –
Nigeria’s over-reliance on oil remains its most dangerous economic vulnerability. Oil accounts for more than 90 percent of export earnings and over half of government revenue. A single fluctuation in global oil prices can destabilize the entire economy. Diversification is not optional; it is a national emergency.
Agriculture, however, offers a powerful alternative. With vast arable land, abundant labor, and high domestic demand, agriculture can drive food security, export expansion, and industrial value chains.
Technology stands as another frontier of opportunity. Nigeria’s youthful population, fast-rising digital economy, and growing tech hubs offer pathways for innovation, employment, and global competitiveness.
The services sector which consists of telecommunications, finance, logistics, entertainment, and tourism also holds massive potential to absorb millions of jobs and stimulate economic growth and reduce reliance on oil revenue.
- Job Creation and Youth Productivity:
Nigeria’s unemployment and underemployment rates remain dangerously high, particularly among young people. A productive youth population is an economic asset; an idle youth population is a socio-economic risk. Entrepreneurship support, industrial hubs, vocational training, and SME financing can unlock millions of new jobs.
- Infrastructure Development:
However, none of these sectors can thrive without addressing Nigeria’s infrastructural deficit. Poor power supply, crumbling roads, inefficient transport systems, and inconsistent regulatory policies continue to choke businesses. Infrastructure is the backbone of any modern economy; without it, productivity remains low regardless of potential.
- Governance, Transparency, and Anti-Corruption:
Governance and transparency play an equally critical role. Nigeria cannot build a productive economy on the foundation of corruption, mismanagement, and opaque financial practices. Strengthening institutions, enforcing accountability, digitizing public services, and ensuring full transparency in FAAC disbursements, budget execution, and loan utilization are essential steps toward restoring public trust and investor confidence. Transparency must become the norm not the exception.
The path to a resilient Nigerian economy requires a national reset in fiscal discipline. The following steps are critical:
– Borrowing must be tied strictly to revenue-generating, self-liquidating projects.
– Recurrent expenditure borrowing must stop.
– Debt ceilings should be legally enforced.
– States must be compelled to boost local productivity and mobilize internal revenue.
– FAAC allocations should be linked to measurable development benchmarks.
– Public finance transparency must be non-negotiable
– Economic diversification must be pursued with urgency, not rhetoric.
Currently, Nigeria stands at an intercession. One path leads to deeper debt, economic stagnation, and a future where the next generation inherits nothing but liabilities. The other path leads to reform, productivity, innovation, and the emergence of a strong, resilient economy capable of withstanding global uncertainties.
So, is Nigeria economically broke? The uncomfortable truth is that Nigeria is not yet bankrupt but it is dangerously close. A nation cannot continue borrowing to survive, consuming more than it produces, or neglecting the engines of real growth. The time for action is now. Nigeria’s challenges are vast, but so are her opportunities. With discipline, transparency, and visionary leadership, Africa’s largest economy can still reclaim its promise and chart a sustainable path toward shared prosperity.
Blaise, a journalist and PR professional writes from Lagos, can be reached via: bl***********@***il.com
Feature/OPED
Stocks vs Forex: Which is Better for Beginners in 2026?
By Onah Ishioma Adaeze
As a beginner, choosing between stocks and forex for your investment goals in 2026 can feel overwhelming. Before investing your hard-earned money, it is important to understand how both markets work.
While both markets present investors with opportunities to grow their wealth, they also differ in terms of volatility, liquidity, market hours, and leverage. Stocks involve owning portions of a company, while forex has to do with trading a base currency against a quote currency.
In this article, we will be going through the basics of stocks and forex, pointing out their differences, and helping you decide which asset better suits your investment journey in 2026.
What is Stock Trading?
When it comes to stock trading, you are buying shares of a company, which makes you a shareholder of that company. As a shareholder, you may be entitled to receive dividends whenever the company decides to pay dividends.
As for those companies that do not pay dividends, there are other benefits a shareholder may enjoy, like being called upon to attend shareholder meetings and having voting rights on certain company matters.
On a global scale, over $100 trillion worth of shares are traded annually. Also, the rising popularity of AI companies and technological innovations continues to drive investor participation and market growth.
If you’re an investor looking to buy and hold capital assets, then stock trading is definitely for you, as it allows for short-term, medium-term and long-term investment goals.
When you buy shares of a company and the company performs well, your shares increase in value. Another benefit of stock trading is access to index funds and ETFs.
These funds consist of companies that are grouped under an index. They are carefully selected and monitored under the fund, sparing the investor the stress of actively tracking the fund.
They can be a way of building a long-term, diversified portfolio, and some of these funds may pay dividends.
What is Forex Trading?
Forex trading has to do with buying one currency and selling another. With a pair like USD/JPY, USD is the base currency being bought against JPY, which is the quote currency.
In order to execute a trade in the forex market, you have to analyse and make predictions based on price movement, as well as pay attention to what’s going on in the global news scene.
The forex market runs twenty-four hours every weekday, with over $9 trillion traded in the market every day. Being the largest financial market in the world, there is very high liquidity.
Forex trading involves buying one currency against another, making predictions based on price movements on the forex charts. Price moves based on the activities of large institutions like hedge funds, big banks, the government, etc.
The forex market runs 24 hours a day, every weekday, with global forex turnover reaching $9 trillion per day in the BIS 2025 survey. Being the largest financial market in the world, there is very high volatility and price fluctuations.
At the same time, there is high liquidity in the market, which means that currency pairs can easily be bought and sold without hassle. Highly liquid instruments that are traded regularly include: EUR/USD, USD/JPY, GBP/USD, and gold (XAU/USD).
As a retail trader, knowing when to enter and exit the market is important. As easy as it is to make profits from price fluctuations, it is also very easy to lose money if the market moves against you. This is why it is important to set stop losses and take profits. This helps manage your trading capital.
Major Differences Between Stocks and Forex
While investing in stocks and forex can yield great capital gains, there are lots of ways in which they differ.
As a beginner, stock trading provides opportunities for long-term investments, ensuring slow but consistent returns for wealth building. But if you are looking for an active, short-term style of investment, then forex trading is for you, as it allows you to enter and exit the market within a shorter time frame.
Which is Better in 2026?
Choosing an asset to invest in all boils down to personal preference. At the same time, if you are not averse to risk, nor opposed to asset diversification, then it’s okay to invest in both.
For beginner investors in 2026, stock trading is easier to understand and get into, especially because of mutual funds, index funds and ETFs. With those funds, you don’t have to be an expert to start investing. You can just buy a fund that suits your needs and hold it over a long period of time.
If you are an investor who enjoys technical analysis, highly volatile and liquid markets, as well as trading under short time frames, then forex trading is the right pick for you.
Conclusion
You do not need to put all your eggs in one basket. There are investors who invest in both stocks and forex simultaneously. When starting out, you can start investing in stocks while learning forex. Take calculated risks and do not invest above your means. Diversify your investments and remember, when starting out, you should prioritise acquiring knowledge over profits.
Onah Ishioma Adaeze is a finance writer who is passionate about simplifying complex concepts into easily digestible pieces. Her hobbies are reading and watching anime
Feature/OPED
Building 234 Solutions: A Response to Everyday Workforce Challenges
By Owoloye Emmanuel
Every business starts with a problem. For us, that problem was hiding in plain sight.
Across organisations, we kept seeing HR professionals, payroll teams, and business leaders spend significant time navigating processes that should be simpler. Employee records sat across multiple systems, payroll processes required manual intervention, and routine workforce tasks often became more complicated than they needed to be.
As businesses grow, workforce operations naturally become more complex. Yet many organisations still rely on disconnected tools and workflows that create unnecessary friction for both employers and employees.
The consequence is more than operational inefficiency. HR teams spend valuable time managing systems instead of supporting people. Business leaders struggle to access timely workforce insights, while employees experience delays in processes that should be seamless.
These weren’t isolated challenges. They were recurring realities across workplaces, regardless of industry or size.
That observation led us to a simple question: what if workforce management could be easier?
What if HR, payroll, and workforce operations could work together within a single, connected experience?
That question became the foundation for 234 Solutions.
We are building 234 Solutions with a clear belief that workplace technology should reduce complexity, not add to it. Our goal is to help organisations spend less time navigating processes and more time focusing on productivity, growth, and people.
As we prepare for launch, our focus remains simple: building practical solutions for real workplace challenges and helping organisations create better experiences for the people who power them every day.
Owoloye Emmanuel is the founder of 234 Solutions
Feature/OPED
The Role of TV in Preserving African Stories and Identity
Scroll through social media today, and you will notice something interesting: everyone is either reacting to a series, quoting a movie line, or debating a character as though they personally know them. Beneath the memes and binge-watch culture, however, lies something deeper. Television remains one of the most powerful tools shaping how Africans see themselves, remember their history, and tell their own stories. In a continent as diverse and expressive as Africa, that matters more than ever.
TV as a Cultural Archive, Not Just Entertainment
Long before streaming algorithms began shaping our viewing habits, television was already preserving African identity. From Nollywood dramas that capture the rhythm of everyday Lagos life to documentaries exploring Maasai traditions and Ghanaian folklore, TV has served as a living archive of the continent’s stories.
It preserves more than entertainment; it preserves language, culture, humour, values, and shared experiences. Unlike fleeting social media content, television allows stories to unfold with depth, exploring the realities of family, tradition, ambition, and modern African life without reducing them to stereotypes. That is the power of TV: preserving not just stories, but perspective.
Why Representation on TV Still Matters
There is a subtle but important truth: if people do not see themselves on screen, they may begin to believe their stories are not worth telling. This is why African TV content is more than entertainment; it is affirmation.
Seeing a character who speaks like you, struggles like you, or celebrates like your community does something powerful. It validates identity and challenges outdated narratives that have historically defined Africa through external lenses.
This is where MultiChoice Group, through platforms such as DStv and GOtv, plays an important role. They do not simply broadcast content; they help distribute cultural memory at scale.
GOtv, DStv, and the Everyday African Viewer
Think about a typical evening in many African homes: the TV is on in the background, someone is laughing at a comedy show, another person is watching a local series, and someone else is catching up on the news. That shared viewing experience remains very real.
Through platforms such as DStv and GOtv, African households are exposed to a blend of local storytelling and global content. More importantly, they have helped amplify African-produced content by bringing Nollywood films, African reality shows, talk shows, and documentaries into mainstream rotation.
It is not just about access. It is about visibility.
A young filmmaker in Lagos today is more likely to believe their story matters because they have seen similar stories broadcast widely. A child in Accra grows up hearing familiar accents and seeing environments that look like their own on screen, not as exceptions, but as the norm.
TV Is Also Shaping Modern African Identity
African identity is not static; it is evolving. Television reflects that evolution in real time.
Today, audiences see:
-
Young Africans balancing tradition and modern dating culture
-
Stories tackling mental health in African households
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Fashion and music influences spreading through TV series
-
Political satire shaping public conversation
Conversations that were once confined to homes are now being explored on screen, giving audiences the language to discuss issues that were previously unspoken.
In many ways, television is doing what oral tradition has always done: passing stories, values, humour, warnings, and history from one generation to the next. The difference is that today’s griots are writers, directors, and broadcasters.
The Future: From Watching to Owning Our Narratives
The next stage of African storytelling is not just about being seen; it is about ownership.
As more African creators produce content and platforms continue to invest in regional storytelling, television becomes more than a mirror. It becomes a tool for shaping how Africa is represented to itself and to the world.
While streaming continues to grow, television, particularly accessible platforms such as GOtv, remains one of the most effective ways to reach everyday audiences across different income levels and regions. After all, storytelling only matters if people can access it.
African stories are not new. They have always existed in families, on streets, in markets, in history books, and through oral traditions. What television has done, and continues to do, is give those stories a stage wide enough for millions to experience them at once.
The next time you watch a local series or documentary on DStv or GOtv, remember that you are not just being entertained. You are participating in the preservation of African identity itself.
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