In the last 40 years, small business owners and entrepreneurs have been receiving greater recognition as drivers of economic growth all over the word. It has become a given that, to achieve long-term economic growth and prosperity, participation from entrepreneurs is very important.  Small businesses have contributed to job creation, economic growth and poverty reduction.

As we have seen in Nigeria in the last two decades, entrepreneurship is a driving force within the economy because of entrepreneurs’ innovative nature, among other factors. In developed economies, corporations and large capital significantly determine the extent of scientific, technical and production potential.

In third world countries with a market economy system, small enterprises are the most common, dynamic and flexible form of business life. In Nigeria, they contribute in stabilising the political climate. Yet not every small business will flourish

Why Small Businesses Fail in Nigeria, a seven-chapter book written by Ayodele Ajayi, provides sufficient facts why entrepreneurs in the country pack up after a while. In knowing the hidden pitfalls, as outlined by the author, the writer creates a veritable platform for small businesses to reinvent themselves and blossom.

Ajayi educates all that there is a probabilistic indicator to show that not all businesses in Nigeria surpass their first anniversary. This sounds like a spoiler alert, but the author links this to the inability to overcome teething problems and other avoidable mistakes.

Talking from experience, Ajayi, whose entrepreneurial journey has been like a yo-yo experience, says his substantial investment and unwavering effort in the paint business didn’t yield the much-expected dividends when he set out. Why Small Businesses Fall in Nigeria, therefore, seeks to empower the reader and the entrepreneur with a weapon to navigate the intricacies of Nigeria’s business environment. It is also beneficial for big businesses.

In the first chapter, Ajayi paints a realistic picture of Nigerian entrepreneurship beyond the hype on some success stories. “When considering starting a small business, one of the first decisions you must make is whether to operate online, offline, or a combination of both,” writes Ajayi.

He points out that the reality of entrepreneurship is far less glamorous than many anticipate, part of which includes supporting the lives of team members and other partners involved in the business. He recommends that, before setting out, you must study the business environment of the country, because the reality of doing business in Nigeria differs with many factors he outlined in the book (read the book).

Part of the reasons for business failures include inappropriate location, hence: “A solution to that problem may be to change the location to a more strategic area with a higher demand for the business’s products or services. The structure of the business can also make or mar it.” Another reason is faulty operation. Ajayi stresses the importance of learning from others, for nobody knows it all.

The author zeroes in on the pitfalls that crumble businesses in Nigeria. Understanding and answering the purpose of your business, he says, will help the entrepreneur navigate and avoid the landmine. Expertise is also important. The author makes a case for implementing effective corporate governance.

Explaining in detail the common reasons for small business failures in Nigeria, the author highlights inadequate market research, poor management of business resources, poor cash flow management, wrong expansion, poor marketing and sales skills.

Offering practical steps to follow to navigate these pitfalls, the author advises business owners to be disciplined, detach themselves from the businesses, plan and execute well, learn continuously, build a strong network and stay financially savvy. He encourages entrepreneurs to guide against having a single product or service in Nigeria, develop excellent customer service, and adapt to market trends. Unlike Easy Taxi that crumbled in Nigeria, the author cites Mega Chicken as one that has successfully stood out in a competitive food market.

The fourth chapter of the book emphasises on financial management.  “Financial management is a necessary skill for every business, because it deals with how you account for your money,” says the author. who goes on to furnish us with basic financial concepts that relate to small business in Nigeria.

These include budgeting, cash flow management, investment management, debt management, financial planning, risk management, bookkeeping. The book furnishes the reader with strategies for securing funding and managing debts effectively. It arms us with the right resources for maintaining financial support, literacy and mentorship in Nigeria.

Ajayi, in the fifth chapter, teaches the power of marketing and sales. This is very important. You may have a good product yet it is not selling. Like he has done throughout the book, he offers practical steps for creating a customer-centric approach and building brand loyalty, including but not limited to personal service, reward system and getting feedback from customers.

The concluding part of the book x-rays the demands of leadership. Without reading this book, you may not appreciate the gems in the publication. I recommend this book to not only businessmen anywhere in the world but those aspiring to have multiple streams of income in Nigeria.

By Adedapo Adesanya

The Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) on Monday arraigned five individuals, including the former Managing Director of the Asset Management Corporation of Nigeria (AMCON), Mr Ahmed Kuru, and the chief executive of Arik Air, Mr Roy Ilegbodu, for allegedly defrauding the airline of N76 billion and $31.5 million.

The other defendants included former Receiver Manager of Arik Air, Mr Kamilu Omokide; and Super Bravo Ltd.

The defendants faced six counts of theft, abuse of office, and stealing by dishonestly taking property. They all pleaded not guilty to the charges.

It must however be noted that Mr Kuru voluntarily went to court to answer the charges filed against him by the EFCC.

During the proceedings, the defense counsel for Mr Kuru and Mr Ilegbodu, Mr Taiwo Osipitan, who is a Senior Advocate of Nigeria (SAN), submitted bail applications dated November 28 and 29, 2024.

He argued that the defendants had no prior criminal records and had complied with prior administrative bail terms.

The SAN requested that they be granted bail under similar liberal terms, noting they had not attempted to flee.

However, EFCC Counsel, Mr Wahab Shittu (SAN), filed counter-affidavits on December 2 and 22, 2024, opposing the bail applications.

He argued that the charges against the defendants were serious, involving economic sabotage, and expressed concern about the risk of flight.

Mr Shittu proposed the seizure of their international passports and called for accelerated hearings.

The defense counsel for Mr Omokide, Mr Olasupo Shasore (SAN), filed a motion on December 6, 2024, requesting bail on self-recognition.

He pointed out that Mr Omokide had previously been granted administrative bail.

In response, Shittu opposed the application, citing Mr Omokide’s past failure to attend court, which led to the issuance of a bench warrant.

After considering the arguments, Justice Mojisola Dada granted bail to the defendants in the sum of N20 million each, with one surety per defendant in like sum.

The sureties must be gainfully employed, and proof of identification must be provided. The defendants were ordered to surrender their international passports.

The case was adjourned until March 17, 2025, for the commencement of trial.

The anti-graft agency had accused the trio— Mr Kuru, Mr Omokide, and Mr Ilegbodu— of fraudulently converting N4.9 billion to the use of NG Eagle Ltd in 2022.

Additionally, Mr Ilegbodu was charged with stealing N22.5 million, fraudulently converting it to the use of Magashi Ali Mohammed, a property of Arik Air Ltd.

Furthermore, the defendants were accused of authorising the destruction of an aircraft valued at $31.5 million, prejudicing Nigeria’s economic stability and Arik Air’s interests.

The prosecution claimed the offences violated Sections 73, 96, 278(1), and 278(6) of the Criminal Law of Lagos State, 2015.

By Bon Peters

The Area 1 Command of the Nigeria Customs Service (NCS) in Port Harcourt, Rivers States, has expressed confidence in raking in higher earnings in 2025 after it generated about N200.6 billion in 2024.

A statement by the command’s Public Relations Officer, Mr Oscar Ivara, a Superintendent of Customs, said last year’s revenue was higher than the N116.3 billion collected in 2023 by 72.41 per cent or N84.3 billion.

He quoted the Comptroller of the command, Mr Mustapha Hashim, as attributing “this impressive surplus” to the hard work, dedication, and operational improvements within the command, which he insisted have helped increase revenue while improving compliance with customs regulations.

He noted that the command’s strategic focus on enforcement operations and ensuring compliance with customs regulations have significantly contributed to the increase in revenue even as he applauded the improved monitoring systems, increased patrols, and enhanced collaboration with other enforcement agencies which he emphasized have played a critical role in curbing smuggling activities and improving revenue.

Continuing, Mr Hashim gave a breakdown of the 2024 revenue figures of the command to include N184.2 billion in the first quarter of 2024, with an estimated monthly collection of N15.4 billion, which he said was later reviewed upwards to N230.3 billion with monthly expected collection of N19.2 billion in the second to fourth quarters of the year.

The agency, however, reported an annual revenue target shortfall collection of about 13.04 per cent, which was largely attributed to the federal government’s food import waiver policy, introduced in July 2024, to mitigate Nigeria’s worsening food crisis.

“The presidential directive, which ended on December 31, 2024, gave waivers to essential food items such as wheat, maize, and grain, which are the major goods imported through the command,” he stated.

In the area of export activities, Mr Hashim posited that the command made notable strides in boosting revenue from agricultural products, which he referred to as a key indicator to Nigeria’s economic diversification.

“This focus has increased export facilitation and boosted the command’s contribution to national revenue,” he said.

He added that the total quantity of cargoes exported in the year 2024 was 17,352,817 metric tons with FOB at $1.5 billion, while the NESS paid was N2.9 billion for both oil and non-oil exports.

The statement also disclosed that a total of 289 ships called at the Area Command in 2024, with import tonnage comprised of bulk cargoes such as wheat, frozen fish, salt, oil well equipment, PMS, AGO, gypsum, bitumen and general cargoes which amounted to 4,080,654.198 metric tons and the duties collected from the bulk cargoes and excise factory   contributed to the huge revenue collected in the command.

He said the feat was achieved by advocating full compliance of all customs regulations by ensuring maximum collection of customs duties, levies and payment of all unpaid assessment.

Mr Hashim said with the command’s focused approach, dedication and continued support from partners and stakeholders, the revenue generation, anti-smuggling and trade facilitation drive for 2025 will be effective, promising that the command would deploy all necessary tools to ensure seamless clearance operations this year.