General
Poor Leadership: Principal or Instrumental Explanation for Nigeria’s Underdevelopment?
By Jerome-Mario Utomi
There is no gainsaying that Nigeria is plagued with development challenges such as widespread poverty, insecurity, corruption, the gross injustice and ethnic politics.
Also, evidence abounds that the nation is in dire need of attention/support from interventionist’s organisations (private and civil society organisations) to help unleash economic development, promotes growth and structural change, with some measures of distributive equity, modernisation in social and cultural attitudes, a degree of political transformation and stability, an improvement in health and education so that population growth stabilizes, and an increase in urban living and employment.
What is yet to be uncovered is/are the principal and instrumental factors that set the stage for this unending national malady, as well as give it a boost to thrive unhindered in the country.
To many, corruption is the principal factor exacerbating the nation’s underdevelopment. It is the single reason Nigeria has remained underdeveloped. Corruption has eaten so deep into the fabric of the nation, so much so that it has become a threat to the very existence of the nation.
Talking about corruption is almost like wasting precious time on an issue that has come to stay and not in any hurry to leave. To some, the challenge is rooted in the ‘Federal Character Principle’ which was introduced into the 1979 Constitution, to among other responsibilities; promote peace, stability, sharing of power and resources amongst the states, has contrary to expectations failed to achieve the primed principle but, lowered education standards in the country, compromised standards and professionalism in the nation’s civil service by ignoring meritocracy.
The rest are on the one hand, particularly of the view that the existence of weak institutions daily undermined by strong figures, region and ‘political Maradonas’ breeds national mediocrity.
Others on the other hand blame the nation’s deformed Federal System which has not only made the centre more attractive with federating states stripped of valuable responsibilities/autonomy but made the nation stand in an inverted pyramid shape with more power concentrated at the top and the base not formidable enough making collapse inevitable if urgent and fundamental steps are not taken,
Definitely, this piece agrees with most of the reasons above being responsible for the situation/challenge in the country. However, I would like to add to what I have just observed above that the problem in the country would need to be looked at in a wider and, indeed, deeper context of the evolution and development in the wider human society particularly in Nigeria where corruption has held all square bound.
At this point, the question may be asked; what impact has leadership had on the development of the nation? Are political leaders in Nigeria patrons or profiteers?
Again, looking at the multiple layers of formal and informal political leadership in post-colonial Nigeria where political leaders are the primary holders, controllers and distributors of power and resources, it elicits the question as to whether poor leadership is a principal or instrumental factor impeding the development of the country?
To add to the contest, talking about principal or instrumental factors impeding the development, Sylvester Enomah clarifies the concern in his book entitled ‘the Nature of Metaphysics’.
According to him, as the term designates it, instrumental cause means a thing or instrument that aids the agent or the principal cause in the process of causation and in the achieving of the effect.
In this case, the instrument is subordinate to the principal cause for direction, principles and initiative. The instrumental cause is handicapped in determining the nature and the character or the type of effect the principal cause intends.
Secondly, the effect is always attributed to the principal cause. The principal cause is intelligent and has the knowledge of what should be the effect of the cause; the instrumental cause may be unintelligent and may not know what may happen or be the effect of the cause. Even if the instrumental cause knows, it is not responsible for the effect of the causality as such.
The instrumental cause is not responsible on the condition that it is a non-living entity, and if it is a living thing, it is at the lower level of existence, for instance, lower animals like dogs. If the living entity is a man, the effect is not attributed to him, or he is not responsible on the condition that he is handicapped, i.e. he cannot hear, think, see, and smell, reason, mentally depraved, underage or under threat.
From the above explanation, it is deductible in my views that leadership challenge is the principal factor responsible for Nigeria’s underdevelopment while corruption, a system of government are but instrumental reasons.
Even Barrister Lee Kuen Yew, pioneer prime minister of Singapore shares similar views.
Let’s listen to him; my experience of developments in Asia has led me to conclude that we need good people to have a good government. However good the system of government, bad leaders will bring harm to their people.
On the other hand, I have seen several societies well-governed in spite of poor systems of government, because good, strong leaders were in charge. I have also seen so many of the over 80 constitutions drafted by Britain and France for their former colonies come to grief, and not because of flaws in the constitutions. It was simply that the preconditions for a democratic system of government did not exist.
Again, sometime in May 2016, the Prime Minister of Britain, David Cameron, described Nigeria and Afghanistan as “fantastically corrupt” in a conversation with the Queen. Cameron had said, “We’ve got some leaders of some fantastically corrupt countries coming to Britain… Nigeria and Afghanistan, possibly the two most corrupt countries in the world.”
Closely related to the above is the reality that the managers of our nation’s economy continue to go against the provisions of the constitutions as an attempt to disengage governance from public sector control of the economy has only played into waiting hands of the profiteers of goods and services to the detriment of the Nigerian people.
While the nation continues to lie prostrate and diminish socially and economically with grinding poverty and starvation driving more and more men into the ranks of the beggars, whose desperate struggle for bread renders them insensible to all feelings of decency and self-respect, the privileged political few continue to flourish in obscene and splendour as they pillage and ravage the resources of our country at will.
Finally, the truth is that if nothing is done to alleviate this appealing situation, it will hopelessly confirm why the nation is stumbling.
Jerome-Mario Utomi is the Programme Coordinator (Media and Public Policy), Social and Economic Justice Advocacy (SEJA), Lagos. He could be reached via je*********@***oo.com/08032725374.
By Adedapo Adesanya
The Osun State Government has announced plans to institute legal action against the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC), following an alleged freezing of the state’s bank account, describing the action as unlawful and capable of disrupting governance.
The Governor of the state, Mr Ademola Adeleke, through the state’s Attorney General and Commissioner for Justice, Mr Oluwole Jimi-Bada, made this disclosure on Wednesday.
According to the statement, Governor Adeleke has directed him to challenge the anti-graft agency’s decision at the Federal High Court.
It was widely reported that the anti-graft agency issued a “Post No Debit” directive to the management of First Bank, where the state’s accounts are domiciled, effectively restricting transactions.
He argued that while the commission has the authority to investigate financial records, it cannot freeze a state government’s accounts without first obtaining a court order.
“I have the mandate of the governor to proceed to the Federal High Court to challenge this move. EFCC can investigate the accounts, but it can’t freeze the accounts without an order of court.
“This step will affect government running, but we will challenge the move and ensure that the agency acts within the ambit of the law,” Mr Jimi-Bada said.
Also speaking, the Commissioner for Finance, Mr Sola Ogungbile, alleged that police officers stormed the main branch of First Bank in Osogbo and arrested some members of the bank’s staff.
Mr Ogungbile maintained that Governor Adeleke was not deploying state resources for his re-election campaign and urged the EFCC to consider the potential impact of its actions on public services and the welfare of residents.
Governor Adeleke had earlier raised concerns over an alleged plan by the EFCC to freeze all Osun State Government accounts, including those of senior government officials.
In a statement issued by the Commissioner for Information and Public Enlightenment, Mr Kolapo Alimi, the governor described the reported move as unlawful and politically motivated.
He alleged that the planned freezing of the accounts was intended to cripple government operations ahead of the August 15 governorship election.
Governor Adeleke further insisted that there was no legal justification for freezing the state’s accounts, arguing that the EFCC lacks the authority to take such action against a state government without due legal process.
The EFCC had not issued an official response to the allegations as of the time of filing this report.
By Modupe Gbadeyanka
A Lagos-based bureaux de change (BDC) operator, Mr Dabo Malam Ardi, has been convicted and sentenced by Justice F. N. Ogazi of the Federal High Court, Ikoyi, Lagos.
The forex trader was sentenced by the court on Tuesday, August 4, 2026, to two months’ imprisonment, with an option of N80,000 fine for engaging in illegal foreign exchange transactions.
Mr Ardi was convicted and sentenced by the court after pleading guilty to a one-count charge bordering on an illegal foreign exchange transaction.
He was brought before the temple of justice by the Lagos Zonal Directorate 1 of the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) on a one-count charge bordering on an illegal foreign exchange transaction.
“That you, Dabo Malam Ardi, sometime in 2026 in Lagos State, within the jurisdiction of this court, engaged in a foreign exchange transaction other than through the official foreign exchange market and thereby committed an offence contrary to Section 11(1)(a) of the National Economic Intelligence Committee (Establishment, etc.) Act, 1994, and punishable under Section 11(2) of the same Act,” the charge read.
You Don’t Need Mods to Have Fun
It’s pretty common for people to throw in dozens of mods before they even begin a new world. Bigger caves, new mobs, extra weapons, hundreds of blocks. It sounds fun, and sometimes it is.
But after trying all that, I usually end up going back to the basic game.
There’s something nice about joining a world where everyone plays with the same rules. No complicated mechanics. No long list of commands to remember. Just Minecraft as it was meant to be played.
That’s one reason a minecraft vanilla smp still attracts so many players. The game already gives you plenty to do without changing everything.
Every Server Feels Different
People often think vanilla servers are all the same. They really aren’t.
I’ve joined servers where everyone built together in one town. I’ve also played on worlds where players spread out for thousands of blocks and only met each other once in a while.
The rules can be almost identical, but the community changes everything.
One server might become a trading hub with shops on every street.
Another turns into a group of friends building giant farms.
And sometimes the funniest moments have nothing to do with building at all. Someone gets lost. Another player accidentally blows up part of their storage room. Everyone laughs, then helps rebuild it.
Those moments are hard to plan. They just happen.
Starting From Nothing Is Part of the Fun
Joining a fresh server always feels different.
Nobody has enchanted gear.
Nobody owns stacks of diamonds.
Even finding enough iron for a full set of armor feels like progress.
The first house is usually a small wooden box. Maybe there’s a bed inside if you’re lucky.
A few days later the same area starts looking completely different. Roads appear. Farms get bigger. More people join. The empty field slowly turns into a real town.
Watching that happen is one of my favorite parts of survival multiplayer.
Small Projects Add Up
When I first started playing, I thought every build had to be huge.
Now I do the opposite.
I’ll build a bridge because crossing the river is annoying.
Then I add a path. Later I put lanterns along it.
None of these projects take all that long on their own, but together they make the whole world feel way more alive. The same thing happens on multiplayer servers.
One player plants trees. Another builds a dock.
Someone else creates a marketplace.
Weeks later nobody remembers who built what, but the whole place feels like a shared project.
Meeting Other Players Changes Everything
Playing alone is relaxing.
Playing with other people is less predictable.
Sometimes you’ll log in planning to mine for an hour. Then another player asks if anyone wants to explore an ocean monument.
Your original plan disappears.
Instead, five people grab boats and head across the map.
One random journey is sometimes all it takes to create a story the whole group remembers. That’s the magic of a vanilla minecraft smp compared to playing alone.
chatgpt.com
Good Servers Stay Busy
A busy server doesn’t mean there are hundreds of players online every minute.
Sometimes twenty active players are enough.
You’ll always find someone building, trading, fishing, or working on a farm.
The world feels lived in. Shops have supplies.
Community projects keep growing.
Messages appear in chat every few minutes.
That steady activity makes a big difference compared to joining a server where nobody logs in anymore.
If you’re planning to create a long-term community, reliable hosting matters too. Slow chunk loading and random crashes get frustrating pretty quickly.
Many server owners compare different options before choosing free minecraft server hosting because stable performance becomes more important as the community grows.
Some also decide to use godlike host after looking at pricing, hardware, and available locations. Honestly, there’s no universal answer here. The right choice depends mostly on player count and how big the world is likely to become after a while.
Rules Don’t Need to Be Complicated
The best servers I’ve joined usually had only a few simple rules.
Don’t steal.
Don’t mess with other people’s builds. Be respectful to everyone. That’s pretty much all there is to it.
Nobody needed pages of instructions.
When people understand what’s expected, most problems never appear in the first place.
Simple rules also make the server feel more welcoming for new players.
Why Vanilla Still Works
The game isn’t anything like it was when it launched, yet survival is still just as enjoyable to start.
You collect wood. You build a house. You go mining.
Soon you’re helping another player with their project instead of working on your own.
Hours pass without anyone noticing.
That’s probably why vanilla minecraft smps continue to stay popular. They don’t rely on massive mod packs or complicated gameplay systems. The players are what make everything interesting, along with the world they build together and all the small stories in between. Still, not every session is exciting. Sometimes you only organize chests or harvest crops. Strangely enough, those quiet evenings often become part of what makes the server feel like home. That’s something mods can’t really create. It comes from people spending time in the same world and slowly turning an empty map into a place that everyone recognizes.
