Feature/OPED
The Intersection of Religion and Human Rights: Balancing Freedom of Religion and Societal Interest in Nigeria
By Prince Charles Dickson PhD
Last week, I had the honor of a deep dive conversation with very respected men and women of the press, from the traditional to the digital space, citizen journalists, bloggers and more. It is an interesting cohort, and I am sure that at the end of this initiative, the impacts would be felt. Let me quickly appreciate the Search For Common Ground’s Katlong, Daniel, Temisan, Emmanuela, Fatima Madaki, the Country Director, and all the wonderful souls and the work we all do in this space.
My presentation was about the complex dynamics at the intersection of religion and human rights in Nigeria, with a focus on striking a balance between the fundamental right to freedom of religion and the broader societal interests. Using real-world examples, the session explored the challenges and opportunities inherent in navigating religious diversity while upholding human rights principles with fixation on media practitioners. From issues of religious minorities’ rights to the impact of religious beliefs on public policies, the presentation offered insights into the delicate equilibrium required for peaceful coexistence. By examining specific cases and their outcomes, I sought to give them a nuanced understanding of the intricate relationship between freedom of religion and the collective interests of Nigerian society.
I sincerely hope as takeaway they were able to understand a little of the legal framework surrounding freedom of religion in Nigeria, a comprehensive examination of the constitutional and statutory provisions, as well as their practical implications.
I danced graciously around Constitutional Provisions:
- Nigeria’s Constitution, particularly Chapter IV, guarantees the right to freedom of thought, conscience, and religion.
- Sections 38 and 39 specifically address freedom of religion, ensuring individuals the right to practice, change, and manifest their religion or belief.
I looked at the Limitations and Exceptions:
- We collectively agreed that despite constitutional guarantees, there are limitations to freedom of religion, especially when it comes to public order, safety, morality, and the rights of others.
I encouraged them to further look up Religious Freedom Laws:
- By examining specific legislation related to religious freedom, such as the Religious Discrimination (Prohibition, Prevention, etc.) Act.
- Exploring how these laws are enforced and their effectiveness in protecting religious minorities.
We touched a handful of Court Decisions:
- Analyzing landmark court decisions that have shaped the interpretation and application of freedom of religion.
- And also looking at cases involving conflicts between religious practices and other legal provisions or societal interests.
Conversations like these can’t be complete without Government Policies:
- Evaluating government policies that may impact freedom of religion, such as regulations on religious institutions, licensing, or recognition was important
- Assess the extent to which these policies promote or hinder religious freedom.
It was exciting listening to perspectives for Practical Implementation:
- Examining how freedom of religion is practically implemented at the grassroots level for media personnel.
- Encouraging journalists to investigate instances where there may be discrepancies between legal guarantees and actual experiences of individuals and communities.
And finally looking at Challenges and Opportunities:
- By identifying challenges faced by the media, the individuals or religious groups in exercising their freedom of religion.
- Explore opportunities for legal reforms or advocacy to strengthen religious freedom protections with the media personnel.
It was important that we x-rayed the Sharia Law Implementation:
- In some Northern states of Nigeria, the implementation of Sharia law has been a source of tension. Cases have arisen where individuals, often from minority religious groups, have faced legal consequences under Sharia law, leading to conflicts between religious freedom and the desire for a unified legal system.
Examine Religious Practices in Educational Institutions:
- Conflicts have emerged over the enforcement of religious practices in educational institutions. For instance, debates over the use of religious attire or the observance of specific religious rituals within schools have raised questions about the balance between religious freedom and the need for uniformity and inclusivity.
Discuss the Registration and Recognition of Religious Group and Interfaith Marriages:
- Issues related to the registration and recognition of religious groups have led to conflicts. Some groups may face challenges in obtaining official recognition, impacting their ability to practice and propagate their faith freely.
- Cases involving interfaith marriages sometimes face opposition or legal challenges, especially when societal norms or interpretations of religious laws conflict with the principles of freedom of choice in marriage.
My presentation looked at the Expression of Religious Beliefs in Public Spaces:
- Disputes have arisen regarding the expression of religious beliefs in public spaces. For example, debates over religious displays, public prayers, or proselytization activities may raise concerns about the potential impact on social harmony and the rights of individuals with different beliefs.
And the important issues surrounding Medical Practices and Religious Beliefs:
- Instances where medical practices conflict with religious beliefs, such as vaccination or blood transfusion, have sparked legal debates. Balancing individual religious rights with societal interests in public health and safety is a recurring challenge.
These examples demonstrate the complex nature of balancing religious freedom with societal interests in Nigeria. Legal cases and public debates surrounding these issues highlight the ongoing need for nuanced considerations and robust legal frameworks to address conflicts and protect individual rights.
Here are some key approaches that the journalists can navigate through:
- Legislative Clarity and Protection:
- Establish clear and comprehensive legislation that protects freedom of religion while also defining reasonable limitations to prevent abuse. Legislation should aim to strike a balance that respects individual rights and considers the broader welfare of the community.
- Interfaith Dialogue and Understanding:
- Promote interfaith dialogue and understanding to foster a sense of unity and respect among different religious communities. Increased understanding can reduce misconceptions and prejudices that may lead to conflicts.
- Education and Awareness:
- Implement educational programs to raise awareness about the diversity of religious beliefs and practices. This includes incorporating teachings on religious tolerance, pluralism, and respect for individual choices within school curricula.
- Mediation and Alternative Dispute Resolution:
- Establish mechanisms for mediation and alternative dispute resolution to address conflicts arising from religious differences. This allows for a more flexible and consensual approach to dispute resolution, minimizing the need for adversarial legal proceedings.
- Community Engagement and Participation:
- Encourage active participation of religious communities in decision-making processes that affect them. Inclusive governance structures can help ensure that policies and practices respect the diverse religious landscape of the community.
- Human Rights Education:
- Integrate human rights education that includes a focus on religious freedom into school curricula, professional training programs, and community outreach initiatives. This can empower individuals to understand their rights and responsibilities in a diverse society.
- Legal Aid and Advocacy:
- Provide legal aid services to individuals facing discrimination or restrictions on their religious freedom. Advocacy efforts can focus on challenging laws or practices that disproportionately impact specific religious groups.
- Collaboration with Religious Leaders:
- Engage religious leaders as advocates for religious freedom and tolerance. Religious leaders often play a significant role in shaping community attitudes, and their support can contribute to a more inclusive and harmonious society.
- National and Local Platforms for Dialogue:
- Create platforms at the national and local levels where representatives from different religious communities can engage in constructive dialogue. These platforms can address grievances, share perspectives, and find common ground.
- Regular Review of Legislation:
- Establish a mechanism for the regular review of legislation related to religious freedom to ensure its relevance and effectiveness. This process should involve input from diverse stakeholders, including legal experts, religious leaders, and civil society.
By adopting a multifaceted and collaborative approach, societies can work towards creating environments where individual rights and communal well-being are mutually respected and protected.
And in conclusion I opined that:
The role of media… in promoting understanding and tolerance in the context of religious freedom is crucial for fostering a harmonious and inclusive society. Here’s a discussion on their respective roles:
- Media:
- Promoting Diversity: Media outlets can contribute to understanding by accurately and respectfully representing the diverse religious landscape. Highlighting stories that showcase positive interfaith interactions and initiatives can challenge stereotypes and promote tolerance.
- Responsible Reporting: Journalists should adhere to ethical reporting standards, avoiding sensationalism or biased narratives that can contribute to misunderstanding and conflict. Responsible journalism includes providing context and avoiding the amplification of divisive rhetoric.
- Educational Campaigns: Media organizations can initiate educational campaigns that raise awareness about various religious beliefs, practices, and traditions. This can contribute to breaking down stereotypes and fostering a climate of acceptance.
I believe that FoRB is an important conversation that we must collectively engage in, so that, in the end—Nigeria will win!
Feature/OPED
The Role of TV in Preserving African Stories and Identity
Scroll through social media today, and you will notice something interesting: everyone is either reacting to a series, quoting a movie line, or debating a character as though they personally know them. Beneath the memes and binge-watch culture, however, lies something deeper. Television remains one of the most powerful tools shaping how Africans see themselves, remember their history, and tell their own stories. In a continent as diverse and expressive as Africa, that matters more than ever.
TV as a Cultural Archive, Not Just Entertainment
Long before streaming algorithms began shaping our viewing habits, television was already preserving African identity. From Nollywood dramas that capture the rhythm of everyday Lagos life to documentaries exploring Maasai traditions and Ghanaian folklore, TV has served as a living archive of the continent’s stories.
It preserves more than entertainment; it preserves language, culture, humour, values, and shared experiences. Unlike fleeting social media content, television allows stories to unfold with depth, exploring the realities of family, tradition, ambition, and modern African life without reducing them to stereotypes. That is the power of TV: preserving not just stories, but perspective.
Why Representation on TV Still Matters
There is a subtle but important truth: if people do not see themselves on screen, they may begin to believe their stories are not worth telling. This is why African TV content is more than entertainment; it is affirmation.
Seeing a character who speaks like you, struggles like you, or celebrates like your community does something powerful. It validates identity and challenges outdated narratives that have historically defined Africa through external lenses.
This is where MultiChoice Group, through platforms such as DStv and GOtv, plays an important role. They do not simply broadcast content; they help distribute cultural memory at scale.
GOtv, DStv, and the Everyday African Viewer
Think about a typical evening in many African homes: the TV is on in the background, someone is laughing at a comedy show, another person is watching a local series, and someone else is catching up on the news. That shared viewing experience remains very real.
Through platforms such as DStv and GOtv, African households are exposed to a blend of local storytelling and global content. More importantly, they have helped amplify African-produced content by bringing Nollywood films, African reality shows, talk shows, and documentaries into mainstream rotation.
It is not just about access. It is about visibility.
A young filmmaker in Lagos today is more likely to believe their story matters because they have seen similar stories broadcast widely. A child in Accra grows up hearing familiar accents and seeing environments that look like their own on screen, not as exceptions, but as the norm.
TV Is Also Shaping Modern African Identity
African identity is not static; it is evolving. Television reflects that evolution in real time.
Today, audiences see:
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Young Africans balancing tradition and modern dating culture
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Stories tackling mental health in African households
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Fashion and music influences spreading through TV series
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Political satire shaping public conversation
Conversations that were once confined to homes are now being explored on screen, giving audiences the language to discuss issues that were previously unspoken.
In many ways, television is doing what oral tradition has always done: passing stories, values, humour, warnings, and history from one generation to the next. The difference is that today’s griots are writers, directors, and broadcasters.
The Future: From Watching to Owning Our Narratives
The next stage of African storytelling is not just about being seen; it is about ownership.
As more African creators produce content and platforms continue to invest in regional storytelling, television becomes more than a mirror. It becomes a tool for shaping how Africa is represented to itself and to the world.
While streaming continues to grow, television, particularly accessible platforms such as GOtv, remains one of the most effective ways to reach everyday audiences across different income levels and regions. After all, storytelling only matters if people can access it.
African stories are not new. They have always existed in families, on streets, in markets, in history books, and through oral traditions. What television has done, and continues to do, is give those stories a stage wide enough for millions to experience them at once.
The next time you watch a local series or documentary on DStv or GOtv, remember that you are not just being entertained. You are participating in the preservation of African identity itself.
Feature/OPED
The Future of AI in Nigerian SMEs: Overcoming Barriers to Implementation
By Kehinde Ogundare
Ask a tech entrepreneur in San Francisco what AI means for their business, and they are likely to talk about competitive advantage, product differentiation, and scale. Ask a small business owner in Kano or Onitsha the same question, and the conversation shifts entirely.
For many Nigerian SMEs, the priority is keeping the lights on, managing costs, and finding sustainable ways to grow in a challenging economic environment. This difference in perspective explains why the global AI conversation, often shaped by assumptions about stable infrastructure, deep capital, and abundant technical talent, frequently fails to address the realities facing Nigerian SMEs.
This matters because Nigerian SMEs are not a peripheral concern. In 2024 alone, MSMEs contributed 46.32% to Nigeria’s GDP, accounting for 96.9% of businesses and 87.9% of employment. These businesses are the backbone of the Nigerian economy, and if AI is going to mean anything for Nigeria’s development, it has to work for them in the daily conditions they actually operate in.
However, research drawing on empirical data from 144 Nigerian SMEs found that inadequate infrastructure, low digital literacy, skills shortages, and regulatory gaps are collectively preventing them from meaningfully engaging with AI. Awareness of AI is high and growing. What is missing is a clear and honest conversation about what adoption actually requires in this specific context. The barriers are real, but none of them are insurmountable. The question is whether the tools, pricing models, and support structures being offered to Nigerian SMEs are designed with those barriers in mind, or whether they have been built for another market entirely.
Subscription models making AI affordable for small businesses
When most small business owners hear “AI,” they imagine expensive software, specialist consultants, and a hefty upfront bill.
That assumption is not entirely wrong, but it describes a particular way of buying technology, not AI itself. The shift that makes AI genuinely accessible at the SME level is the move away from large, one-time capital purchases towards tools that charge a predictable monthly subscription. Businesses can pay for what they use, scale back when necessary, and avoid the debt that a major technology investment can create.
The deeper opportunity here is consolidation. Many SMEs are already spending money across multiple disconnected tools—one for invoicing, another for customer records, another for stock tracking—none of which talk to each other. An integrated platform that handles several of these functions together, with AI built in, can actually cost less than the sum of those separate subscriptions while giving business owners a clearer picture of their operations.
With margins already under pressure, any technology a business adopts needs to visibly show an increase in productivity or bottom line. Subscription-based, integrated platforms, priced transparently and honestly, are the model that best fits this reality.
Infrastructure challenges demand a mobile-first approach
No conversation about technology in Nigeria is complete without confronting the infrastructure problem, and AI is no exception. Nigeria continues to face major infrastructure barriers, including limited broadband access, unreliable power supply, and high data costs, all of which constrain deeper AI adoption. These are structural features of the operating environment that any sensible technology strategy must account for today.
The electricity situation alone is significant. The World Bank estimates that the lack of stable electricity costs Nigeria’s economy approximately $26.2 billion annually, equivalent to about 2% of GDP, forcing many businesses to run on expensive diesel generators. That cost ripples outward.
In practical terms, AI tools built for Nigeria cannot assume a stable broadband connection or a computer that is always powered on. The tools that will actually get used are the ones that work on a smartphone, consume minimal data, and can function offline when connectivity drops, syncing back up when it returns. The mobile phone is already how many Nigerian SME owners run their businesses. AI that meets them there, rather than demanding infrastructure they do not have, is AI that has a genuine future in this market.
The direction is clear: build capability from within, using tools that make that possible. Recent AI performance research reveals that 64% of African workers are already actively using AI at work, signalling massive grassroots readiness and driving forward-thinking organisations across Nigeria, Kenya, and South Africa to aggressively prioritise internal upskilling frameworks to bridge the talent gap.
As the policy groundwork is being laid, the commercial ecosystem is beginning to respond. What remains is a clear-eyed acceptance that AI tools built for this market need to look different from those built for markets with different realities. Low cost, low bandwidth, and usability for non-technical people are not modest ambitions; they are the actual requirements. Build for those realities, and AI has a real future in Nigeria’s SME economy.
Feature/OPED
When Leaders THRIVE: Yetunde B. Oni’s Candid Counsel to Lateef Jakande Leadership Academy
Union Bank’s Managing Director and Chief Executive Officer sat with 30 of Nigeria’s most promising young leaders for a frank conversation on character, relationships and the discipline of growth.
Out of 25,000 applicants, only 30 earned a place. That single figure tells you how rare the room was when Yetunde B. Oni, Managing Director and Chief Executive Officer of Union Bank of Nigeria, recently sat down with a cohort of the Lateef Jakande Leadership Academy.
The Academy, a Lagos State Government initiative established in honour of Alhaji Lateef Kayode Jakande, the state’s first civilian governor, exists to raise a generation of ethical and capable young leaders. Its fellows are drawn from across professions, sectors and ethnicities, and shaped through a fellowship facilitated by the Africa Leadership Initiative, West Africa (ALI WA), whose work on values and principled leadership has become a quiet engine behind some of the country’s most thoughtful emerging talent.
It was into this gathering that Mrs Oni brought not a corporate address, but a conversation. Honest, personal and at times disarming, she spoke about the philosophies that have carried her through a career spanning more than three decades, the setbacks she has had to surmount, and the values that opened doors she never expected to walk through.
She gave them a framework to hold on to. She called it THRIVE.
The six principles
T — Take ownership of your relationships. Leadership, she argued, begins with the deliberate stewardship of the people around you. Relationships are not incidental to a career. They are infrastructure.
H — Honour God. She spoke openly about faith as a steadying force, an anchor that keeps ambition tethered to something larger than the self.
R — Recharge and refresh. Mental and physical health, she insisted, are not luxuries to be deferred until the work is done. Leaders who neglect their well-being eventually have less to give.
I — Invest in your growth. Continuous and heavy investment in personal development is, in her telling, the price of staying relevant. The learning never ends.
V — Value your work. She pressed the fellows on identity and brand. What do you stand for? Do you create value? Who, in truth, are you? The questions were not rhetorical.
E — Embrace setbacks. Failure, she said, is not the opposite of progress but a part of it. The leaders who endure are the ones who learn to metabolise disappointment rather than be defeated by it.
The people behind the leader
If one theme threaded the entire conversation, it was relationships. Mrs Oni was candid that she did not arrive at the top of Nigerian banking alone. She credited the steady support of family, her parents and her husband, alongside the mentors, friends, coaches and sponsors who shaped her at different stages.
She drew a sharp and useful distinction between a mentor and a coach, two roles often conflated and rarely understood, and she traced much of her progress back to a foundation of Nigerian cultural values: hard work, honesty and integrity, courtesy and respect. These, she told the fellows, are not relics. They are the very qualities that have earned her trust and opened doors throughout her journey.
“You need people,” was the message, delivered without sentiment. Relationships, she explained, must be managed and nurtured with the same seriousness one brings to any other discipline. Time must be managed with equal care.
On believing, and risking
Perhaps the most resonant moment came when Mrs Oni spoke about self-belief. She admitted that becoming the MD/CEO of Standard Chartered Bank, Sierra Leone, did not cross her mind – not because she was unqualified, but because she didn’t think she would get it. Encouraged by her husband, she applied anyway, and she got it!
That appointment would later see her make history as the first woman to lead a Standard Chartered Bank operation in her market.
The Union Bank of Nigeria appointment told a similar story. She had not even known the position existed after the CBN’s intervention. It came to her through relationships; through the quiet networks of people who knew her work and recommended her name while she was unaware in faraway Sierra Leone.
The lesson she left with the fellows was unambiguous. Believe in yourself. Take the risk. Put in for the thing you are not yet certain you deserve, because the opportunity you are waiting for may be one you cannot see, reaching you through someone you have not yet met.
Why this matters
Engagements of this kind are easy to underestimate. They produce no headlines about balance sheets and no immediate line on a financial statement. Yet they speak to something Union Bank has long understood: that institutions endure when they invest in people, and that leadership is built one honest conversation at a time.
Credit is due to the Africa Leadership Initiative, West Africa, whose facilitation of the Lateef Jakande Leadership Academy continues to shape young Nigerians of real promise, and to the Academy itself for the rigour of a process that turned 25,000 hopefuls into 30 fellows ready to lead.
For Yetunde B. Oni, the afternoon was less about what she had achieved than about what she was willing to give: her time, her story and her counsel, offered freely to those coming after her. It is, in the end, what the best leaders do. They light the path for the next generation, and they THRIVE.
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