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Fitch Downgrades Union Bank’s National Rating to ‘BBB-(nga)’

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By Dipo Olowookere

The National Long-Term Rating of Union Bank of Nigeria Plc’s BBB(nga) has been downgraded to BBB-(nga) by Fitch Ratings.

In a statement issued by the rating agency, it however, said the lender’s Long-Term Issuer Default Rating (IDR) has been affirmed at ‘B-‘ with stable outlook.

Fitch said the downgrade of Union Bank’s National Long-Term Rating mainly reflects its view of weaker asset quality relative to Nigerian peers’, as highlighted by the bank’s disclosure under IFRS 9.

According to the statement released on Tuesday, the rating company said the IDRs of Union Bank are driven by its standalone creditworthiness, as defined by its Viability Rating (VR).

Union Bank’s VR, as with that of other Nigerian banks, is highly conditioned by Nigeria’s operating environment, with the fragile economic recovery restraining banks’ growth prospects and asset quality, Fitch said.

It added that the financial institution’s VR further reflects a moderate franchise, weak profitability, severe loan-quality problems and adequate capitalisation, funding and liquidity.

However, it noted that the stable outlook reflects Fitch’s base case expectation that Union Bank’s credit profile is unlikely to change significantly over the next one-to-two years.

Union Bank’s operations are concentrated in Nigeria and the lender accounted for 4 percent of banking system assets at end-2017.

Union Bank’s stock of impaired loans is declining, the statement noted, as is its exposure to the troubled oil sector. However, the bank’s impaired loans (stage 3 loans under IFRS 9) ratio (24% at end-1H18) is very high compared with the 9.4% average for rated Nigerian banks, driven primarily by its oil sector exposure, it added. Stage 2 loans measured at a further 30 percent of gross loans at end-1H18. Reserve coverage of impaired loans (32% at end-1H18) is low, reflecting management’s view of collateral on impaired loans, Fitch said.

Furthermore, the rating firm said Union Bank is exposed to large credit concentrations. The 20-largest loans measured at 71 percent of gross loans and 128 percent of Fitch Core Capital (FCC) at end-1H18. The volatile oil sector represented 45 percent of Union Bank’s gross loans at end-1H18.

Union Bank’s operating profit/risk-weighted assets ratio was 1.8 percent in 2017 (compared with rated-banks average of 4 percent), which is weak by emerging market standards.

The bank has a high net interest margin, but this is offset by a high cost-income ratio and large loan impairment charges that have eroded around 55 percent to 65 percent of pre-impairment operating profit in recent years.

Capital metrics are somewhat better than similarly-sized peers’, having improved following a rights issue in 2017, Fitch said. However, as a result of IFRS 9 implementation from this year, Union Bank’s FCC ratio declined to 24 percent at end-1H18 (end-2017: 31 percent), the company added.

Union Bank’s high FCC ratio must be considered in the context of the bank’s large unreserved impaired loans, which measured at 45 percent of FCC at end-1H18.

Union Bank benefits from a strong retail deposit base, which accounted for 52 percent of customer deposits at end-1H18, providing an inexpensive source of stable funding. Single-depositor concentration is in line with peers’, with Union’s 20-largest deposits accounting for 21% of the total at end-1H18. Union Bank’s loans/customer deposits ratio (62 percent at end-1H18) sits at the lower end of the peer group.

Foreign-currency liquidity has been tight in recent years, with Union Bank restructuring some trade finance obligations with international correspondent banks in 2015 and 2016. Foreign-currency liquidity pressures have eased and are no longer a significant rating weakness.

Fitch said it believes that sovereign support to Nigerian banks cannot be relied upon given Nigeria’s weak ability to provide support, particularly in foreign currency. In addition, it said there are no clear messages of support from the authorities regarding their willingness to support the banking system.

“Therefore, the Support Rating (SR) and Support Rating Floor (SRF) are ‘5’ and ‘No Floor’, respectively. This reflects our view that senior creditors cannot rely on receiving full and timely extraordinary support from the Nigerian sovereign if any of the banks become non-viable,” the statement said.

It further noted that Union Bank’s Long-Term IDR is sensitive to a change in the bank’s VR. Downside pressure is most likely to result from a material worsening of impaired loans, including the migration of stage 2 loans into the stage 3 category, putting pressure on capital adequacy. A positive rating action is unlikely in the foreseeable future.

“Union’s National Ratings are sensitive to a change in the bank’s creditworthiness relative to Nigerian peers,” the statement said.

Dipo Olowookere is a journalist based in Nigeria that has passion for reporting business news stories. At his leisure time, he watches football and supports 3SC of Ibadan. Mr Olowookere can be reached via [email protected]

Banking

N1.3bn Transfer Error: EFCC Recovers N802.4m from Customer for First Bank

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EFCC First Bank N802.4m transfer error

By Modupe Gbadeyanka

The Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) has helped First Bank of Nigeria to recover the sum of N802.4 million from a suspect, Mr Kingsley Eghosa Ojo, who unlawfully took possession of over N1.3 billion belonging to the bank.

The funds were handed over the financial institution by the Benin Zonal Directorate of the anti-money laundering agency on Monday, January 12, 2026, a statement on Tuesday confirmed.

First Bank approached the EFCC for the recovery of the money through a petition, claiming that the suspect received the money into his account after system glitches.

The commission in its investigation; discovered that the suspect, upon the receipt of the money, transferred a good measure of it to the bank accounts of his mother, Mrs Itohan Ojo and that of his sister, Ms Edith Okoro Osaretin, and committed part of the money to completion of his building project and the funding of a new flamboyant lifestyle.

With the recovery of the money from the identified bank accounts, the EFCC handed it over in drafts to First Bank.

While handing over the lender, the acting Director for the Directorate, Mr Sa’ad Hanafi Sa’ad, stressed his organisation would continue to discharge its mandate effectively in the overall interests of society.

“The EFCC Establishment Act empowers us to trace and recover proceeds of crime and restitute the victim. In this case, First Bank was the victim and that is exactly what we have done.

“We will continue to discharge our duties to ensure that fraudsters do not benefit from fraud and that economic and financial crimes are nipped in the bud,” he said.

In his response, the Business Manager for First Bank in Benin City, Mr Olalere Sunday Ajayi, who received the drafts on behalf of the bank, commended the EFCC for the swiftness and the professionalism it brought to bear in the handling of the matter and expressed the bank’s gratitude to the commission.

He described the EFCC as one of Nigeria’s most effective and reliable institutions.

Meanwhile, Mr Kingsley and all other suspects in the matter have been charged to court for stealing by the EFCC.

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Banking

Why Technology-Enabled Banking is a Multiplier for Nigeria’s 2036 Goal

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Henry Obiekea FairMoney

By Henry Obiekea

Nigeria is at a defining moment in 2026. After several years of bold macroeconomic adjustments, including foreign exchange unification and structural reforms, the country is moving from stabilization into expansion. With the Central Bank of Nigeria restoring confidence in the Naira and foreign reserves reaching a five-year high of over 45 billion dollars, the next phase of growth will be shaped by how effectively Nigerians can participate in the formal financial system.

Technology-enabled banking is playing a critical role in this transition. Commercial banks remain the backbone of the system, providing balance sheet strength, regulatory depth, and long-term capital essential for national development. Yet in a country of over 220 million people, physical access alone cannot deliver financial inclusion at scale.

Mobile-first and digitally delivered financial services are bridging this gap. By extending regulated banking beyond physical locations into everyday devices, licensed microfinance banks and other regulated institutions are bringing millions of Nigerians into the formal economy. This approach helped push formal financial inclusion to over 64 percent in 2025, ensuring the last mile is no longer excluded.

Achieving the Federal Government’s target of a one trillion dollar GDP by 2036 requires efficient capital flow. In the first quarter of 2025 alone, Nigeria recorded over 295 trillion naira in electronic payment transactions. Faster, secure financial infrastructure supports modern commerce, strengthens trade, and improves overall economic productivity.

Micro, small, and medium-scale enterprises, which contribute nearly 48 percent of GDP, are central to this growth. Technology-driven banking models are helping to close long-standing credit gaps. By responsibly using alternative data to assess risk, small-ticket working capital loans provide the “pocket capital” businesses need to grow. This builds a pipeline of enterprises that can mature into larger corporate clients within the broader banking ecosystem.

Digitally delivered financial services also strengthen public revenue mobilisation. Increased transaction transparency supports a broader tax net and contributes directly to government revenues through stamp duty, reinforcing fiscal sustainability.

This evolution is supported by a maturing regulatory environment. The Central Bank of Nigeria’s Open Banking framework, rolling out in phases from early 2026, ensures that all regulated institutions operate under consistent oversight. Secure data sharing standards mean customers’ financial histories can move with them across institutions, strengthening trust and accountability.

At FairMoney Microfinance Bank, we see this framework as a social contract. Knowing that deposits are protected by NDIC insurance and supported by clear dispute resolution mechanisms gives customers the confidence to participate actively in the economy.

The future of Nigerian banking is defined by structural harmony. Traditional banks provide depth and stability, while technology-enabled institutions provide reach, speed, and accessibility. Together, they turn financial access into economic resilience.

By working in alignment, we can ensure every Nigerian, from the Lagos professional to the rural trader, is equipped to contribute meaningfully to our shared one trillion dollar future.

Henry Obiekea is the Managing Director of FairMoney Microfinance Bank

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Banking

NDIC Pays Fresh N24.3bn to Defunct Heritage Bank Depositors

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Heritage Bank inputs supply to agro-processors

By Adedapo Adesanya

The Nigeria Deposit Insurance Corporation (NDIC) has declared the second liquidation dividend payment of N24.3 billion for depositors of the defunct Heritage Bank Limited.

The payment will be made to customers whose account balances exceeded the statutory insured limit of N5 million at the time the bank was closed on June 3, 2024.

This was disclosed in a statement signed by the Head of Communication and Public Affairs Department, Mrs Hawwau Gambo, noting that the new payment, eligible for uninsured depositors, will receive 5.2 Kobo per N1 on their outstanding balances, bringing the cumulative liquidation dividend to 14.4 Kobo per N1 when combined with the first tranche paid earlier.

According to the corporation, it first paid insured deposits of up to N5 million per depositor from its Deposit Insurance Fund, ensuring that small depositors had prompt access to their funds despite the bank’s failure.

NDIC said that in April 2025, it declared and paid a first liquidation dividend of N46.6 billion, equivalent to 9.2 kobo per N1, to depositors with balances above the insured limit, setting the stage for further recoveries as assets were realised.

This latest payout follows the revocation of Heritage Bank’s operating license by the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) on June 3, 2024, after which the NDIC was appointed as liquidator in line with the Banks and Other Financial Institutions Act (BOFIA) 2020 and the NDIC Act 2023.

According to the NDIC, the second liquidation dividend of N24.3 billion was made possible through sustained recovery of debts owed to the defunct bank, disposal of physical assets, and realisation of investments.

The corporation said the payment was effected in line with Section 72 of the NDIC Act 2023, which governs the distribution of liquidation proceeds.

The NDIC noted that these recoveries reflect ongoing efforts to maximise value from Heritage Bank’s assets, assuring depositors that the liquidation process remains active and focused on full reimbursement where possible.

The corporation disclosed that payments will be credited automatically to eligible depositors’ alternative bank accounts already captured in NDIC records using their Bank Verification Numbers (BVN).

Depositors who have received their insured deposits and the first liquidation dividend have been advised to check their accounts for confirmation of the latest payment, while those yet to receive any payout are encouraged to regularise their status.

For depositors without alternative bank accounts or BVNs, or those who have not claimed their insured deposits or first liquidation dividend, the NDIC advised them to visit the nearest NDIC office nationwide or submit an e-claim via the Corporation’s website for prompt processing.

It added that further liquidation dividends will be paid as more assets are realised and outstanding debts recovered.

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