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API Architecture: The Invisible Engine Powering Modern Banking

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Echezona Agubata API Architecture

By Echezona Agubata

Banking has evolved far beyond the days of paper ledgers and long queues. Today, it’s a dynamic force driving Nigeria’s economy, responding to customers in real time, and powering digital innovation. The unsung hero behind this transformation is the Application Programming Interface (API)—a tool that lets bank systems communicate seamlessly with each other and external partners.

In Nigeria’s fast-growing digital finance landscape, APIs are the invisible engine enabling banks to offer instant balance checks, process payments at retail checkouts, or verify identities for loan approvals. The secret to their success? A robust API architecture, the structured framework that makes banking secure, scalable, and innovative. 

Picture API architecture as a bridge connecting islands of financial services. It allows banks to share data securely. In Nigeria, where digital banking is literarily booming, APIs let banks like Coronation Merchant Bank expand services without rebuilding infrastructure. This flexibility fuels innovation, enabling tailored solutions for everyone from small businesses to large corporations. 

The Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) along with Industry players ensure this ecosystem is secure and trustworthy. Its regulations mandate standards like OAuth 2.0 for authentication, tokenization to protect data, and encrypted channels to safeguard transactions. Real-time monitoring and customer consent protocols further build trust, ensuring data is shared only with permission. These rules aren’t just technical or ethical—they’re the backbone of Nigeria’s open banking system, fostering collaboration and innovation. 

How do APIs work? Imagine a well-orchestrated machine. The API acts as

     ● A Gateway: the gatekeeper to a product. It authenticates requests and ensures only authorized people are granted access to the product. It also helps limit the number of requests that can be made for the product at any given time. For instance, when a bank’s mobile app requests a customer’s transaction history, the transaction history API (as a gateway) verifies access (both customer and mobile app) before treating the transaction history request. 

  • A Guide: the protocol or security who ensures that even authenticated users are only allowed to access products and data that they are authorized to have 
  • A Funnell: the pipe that ensures that authenticated users access products and data from known locations/sources to known destinations 
  • An Agent: the agent that ensures that applications regardless of the service offering have access to data/products in the same way as every other application. This gives unified experience across respective platforms that are consuming the service/data offered by the API 

Here’s a simplified view of the flow: 

API Architecture

Explanation: An app or corporate system sends a request to the API gateway, which authenticates and routes it. The orchestration layer processes it using endpoints, pulling data from the core system via middleware. 

The orchestration layer (behind the gateway) breaks services—like catalog, shopping cart, or ordering—into modular endpoints, like building blocks online shops can share securely. The modular endpoints connect these APIs to core systems, translating the requests into formats that can be processed by the core system. Companies also provide developer portals with clear documentation and sandbox environments, simplifying integration for partners. 

This architecture can be built for scale. Banks process millions of transactions daily using load balancing to scale out resources, and distribute traffic in a dynamic fashion. This architecture could incorporate the use of in-memory databases and Queueing technologies to cache frequently used data for swifter processing. More so, this introduces rate limiting features which help isolate any problem areas without affecting the entire service as a whole. 

Challenges abound. One of such is the existence of legacy systems as many banks and organizations often rely on decades-old mainframes (core systems), thus requiring a middleware solution to bridge old and new systems—a complex but critical step. Another recent challenge is the need to enforce data privacy expectations, this has made encryption and data masking a necessary action. Encryption in itself comes with its own attendant side-effects especially where applied on data without proper service governance. It can slow performance, so banks and organizations use caching and optimized data flows to balance speed and security. Compliance with CBN guidelines and Nigeria’s data privacy laws demands robust

consent management and audit trails. Versioning APIs (e.g., /v1/payments) prevents disruptions when systems evolve. 

Real-world examples highlight APIs’ impact. Coronation Merchant Bank built the Dangote ISOP Collection API to streamline payments for Dangote’s distributors. These payments were previously riddled with slow reconciliations and delayed cash flow. The API integrates payments directly into Dangote’s ERP system and thereby automating the process, reducing errors, and strengthening business ties. Another bank used a KYC API to verify customer identities for loan applications, cutting onboarding time while meeting CBN standards. A third example involves a major Nigerian bank’s payment API, which enables instant corporate transfers for retailers, ensuring funds clear in seconds during peak sales. 

APIs are also driving open finance. The CBN’s 2023 guidelines expand APIs to cover credit, investment, and insurance data, enabling embedded finance—loans at retail checkouts or savings tools linked to salary accounts. This makes banking invisible yet ever-present, blending into daily life. 

The future is exciting. Banks are adopting API-first design, prioritizing APIs as core interfaces for faster innovation. AI-driven APIs are emerging, enabling fraud detection or tailored loan offers. Blockchain-based APIs promise secure cross-border payments. Event-driven architectures, using tools like Kafka, process real-time events like transaction alerts, boosting efficiency. 

At Coronation Merchant Bank, our APIs are business enablers. Our custom solutions, like the Dangote integration, solve real-world problems, while our investment banking desk advises on capital raising and partnerships, helping clients stay competitive. APIs lower barriers, drive growth, and deliver seamless experiences for customers. 

Nigeria’s financial future isn’t about who holds the most assets—it’s about who builds the strongest connections between data, money, and people. API architecture is the invisible engine powering that future, creating a connected, inclusive banking ecosystem.

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Economy

Oil Prices Close Lower on Oversupply Concerns

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Oil Prices fall

By Adedapo Adesanya

Oil prices closed lower on Friday as a supply glut and a potential Russia-Ukraine peace deal outweighed worries about any impact from the US seizure of an oil tanker near Venezuela.

Brent crude went down by 16 cents to trade at $61.12 a barrel and the US West Texas Intermediate (WTI) crude also declined by 16 cents to finish at $57.44 per barrel. For the week, both benchmarks lost more than 4 per cent this week.

Market analysts noted that the market continues to be weighed down by the crude oil supply situation. Oversupply has become the defining feature of the market, with traders questioning whether any upcoming catalysts are strong enough to offset the growing imbalance stretching into early 2026.

The US seized a sanctioned oil tanker off the coast of Venezuela, President Donald Trump said on Wednesday. The US is preparing to intercept more ships transporting Venezuelan oil after the seizure of a tanker this week.

However, traders and analysts largely shrugged off worries about the impact of the tanker seizure, pointing to ample supply in the markets.

The International Energy Agency (IEA) corrected its 2026 oil glut forecast to 3.84 million barrels per day in its latest monthly report, down 250,000 barrels per day from a month ago, hiking its demand growth forecast for next year to 860,000 barrels per day compared to 2.4 million barrels per day supply growth.

Meanwhile, data in a report by the Organisation of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), indicated that world oil supply will match demand closely in 2026, in contrast to the IEA’s view.

Russian oil production increased to 9.367 million barrels per day last month, up by a mere 10,000 barrels per day compared to October, leaving the world’s third-largest producer 165,000 barrels per day below its OPEC+ quota as Ukraine’s drone strikes derailed crude loadings in November.

Also, Russia’s seaborne oil product exports in November fell by just 0.8 per cent from October, with the completion of refinery maintenance helping to offset a slump in fuel exports from southern routes such as the Black Sea and Azov Sea.

During the week, the US Federal Reserve has lowered the federal funds rate to 3.50-3.75 per cent.

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Economy

Presco Acquires 10,000-Hectare Nsadop, Boki Plantations After $100m Deal

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presco cross river plantations

By Aduragbemi Omiyale

Days after announcing the injection of $100 million from SIAT NV, Presco Plc has acquired about 10,000 hectares across the Nsadop and Boki plantations in Cross River State.

The fully integrated edible oils group disclosed in a statement made available to Business Post on Friday that the strategic acquisition further consolidates its position as the dominant player in Nigeria’s palm oil industry.

The plantations is part of efforts to significantly expand Presco’s production footprint and strengthen its ability to meet the rapidly growing domestic demand for edible oil products.

By integrating these estates into the group, Presco will unlock new agronomic potential and secure a broader raw material base to support higher processing and refining throughput across its value chain.

By expanding its plantation base by 10,000 hectares, Presco advances national food security, reduces reliance on imports, and supports the federal government’s drive toward industrial self-sufficiency.

As these estates are upgraded and integrated, they are expected to generate meaningful productivity and profitability upside, delivering sustainable long-term value for shareholders while strengthening Presco’s role as a key driver of the country’s agro-industrial transformation.

Presco said it would apply its proven model of sustainable agriculture, community development, and responsible land stewardship to Nsadop and Boki.

The company plans to work closely with host communities, replicating its established social investment framework, supporting job creation, and ensuring a stable and mutually beneficial operating environment.

“This acquisition is a decisive execution of the commitments we made to our shareholders. During the launch of our recent Rights Issue, we pledged to accelerate our plantation expansion and position Presco for its next phase of growth.

“Today’s announcement delivers on that promise. Nsadop and Boki are strategically located estates that complement our existing operations and expand the scale required to power our mills and refineries at higher capacity,” the chief executive of Presco, Mr Reji George, said.

“This move is not only about expanding land, it is about strengthening our leadership, securing long-term supply, and reinforcing our belief in the future of Nigeria’s agribusiness sector,” he added.

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Economy

FG Launches Platform to Settle Natural Gas Trade

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Natural Gas Trade

By Adedapo Adesanya

The federal government has unveiled Africa’s first gas trading licence, clearing house and settlement leeway platform to ensure efficient and transparent trading of natural gas.

The government, through the Nigerian Midstream and Downstream Petroleum Regulatory Authority (NMDPRA) in partnership with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) granted a license to JEX Markets Limited to establish and operate the online platform for gas trading and exchange.

Minister of State for Petroleum Resources (Gas), Mr Ekperikpe Ekpo, at the launch said the platform would pave the way for easy natural gas business, transparent pricing and secure payment mechanisms hallmarks that align with the national energy policies and global best practices.

According to him, the initiative is critical for the success of the ‘decade of gas’, noting that the trading environment and the benefits that come with it will strengthen the level of industrialisation and ensure the injection of private investments into the gas processing and transport sectors.

“This launch is completely consistent with the Renewed Hope Agenda of His Excellency, President Bola Ahmed Tinubu, who stated that natural gas will play the central role in the energy security, industrialisation, and economic diversification. The President’s vision requires a regulatory environment that is predictable, trusted, and designed to unlock value,” he said.

Mr Ekpo said the country is richly endowed with natural gas reserves, among the biggest in the world, but if the underlying market where the gas will flow is not efficient, reliable, and well-regulated, it will not be possible for us to realise the ultimate potential of the resource.

“The gas trading licence introduced today is decisive on this front, paving the way for a new, regulated market where reliable traders will feel safe doing business, where businesses can plan, and where investors can invest, knowing that it will safeguard both their capital and the public interest.

“The licence is founded upon sound regulations and guidelines governing technical competence, commercial capability, financial soundness, and responsible operations. Among the responsibilities of the licence holders is the adherence to the various rules on gas measurement, tariffs, pricing, and assignments,” he said.

On his part, NMDPRA Chief Executive, Mr Farouk Ahmed, also said Nigeria holds over 209 trillion cubic feet (TCF) of proven gas reserves, which is the largest in Africa and an estimated 600 TCF of potential reserves.

He said despite the potential, Nigeria’s domestic gas market has remained underdeveloped and constrained by pricing opacity, high transaction costs, limited flexibility, market illiquidity, poor sanctity of gas contracts, restricted access to gas and low investments in the sector.

Mr Ahmed noted that the presentation of a Gas Trading License (GTL) and a Clearing House and settlement Authorisation to JEX Markets Limited is in compliance with the provisions of section 159 of the Petroleum Industry Act (PIA) 2021 for the trading and settlement of wholesale gas in Nigeria.

The implementation and full operationalisation of this provision of the PIA will further unlock the extensive opportunity and investment potentials of the gas industry through the improved supply and utilisation of the country’s vast gas resource in our strategic economic sectors of power, Industry and transportation.”

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