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API Architecture: The Invisible Engine Powering Modern Banking

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Echezona Agubata API Architecture

By Echezona Agubata

Banking has evolved far beyond the days of paper ledgers and long queues. Today, it’s a dynamic force driving Nigeria’s economy, responding to customers in real time, and powering digital innovation. The unsung hero behind this transformation is the Application Programming Interface (API)—a tool that lets bank systems communicate seamlessly with each other and external partners.

In Nigeria’s fast-growing digital finance landscape, APIs are the invisible engine enabling banks to offer instant balance checks, process payments at retail checkouts, or verify identities for loan approvals. The secret to their success? A robust API architecture, the structured framework that makes banking secure, scalable, and innovative. 

Picture API architecture as a bridge connecting islands of financial services. It allows banks to share data securely. In Nigeria, where digital banking is literarily booming, APIs let banks like Coronation Merchant Bank expand services without rebuilding infrastructure. This flexibility fuels innovation, enabling tailored solutions for everyone from small businesses to large corporations. 

The Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) along with Industry players ensure this ecosystem is secure and trustworthy. Its regulations mandate standards like OAuth 2.0 for authentication, tokenization to protect data, and encrypted channels to safeguard transactions. Real-time monitoring and customer consent protocols further build trust, ensuring data is shared only with permission. These rules aren’t just technical or ethical—they’re the backbone of Nigeria’s open banking system, fostering collaboration and innovation. 

How do APIs work? Imagine a well-orchestrated machine. The API acts as

     ● A Gateway: the gatekeeper to a product. It authenticates requests and ensures only authorized people are granted access to the product. It also helps limit the number of requests that can be made for the product at any given time. For instance, when a bank’s mobile app requests a customer’s transaction history, the transaction history API (as a gateway) verifies access (both customer and mobile app) before treating the transaction history request. 

  • A Guide: the protocol or security who ensures that even authenticated users are only allowed to access products and data that they are authorized to have 
  • A Funnell: the pipe that ensures that authenticated users access products and data from known locations/sources to known destinations 
  • An Agent: the agent that ensures that applications regardless of the service offering have access to data/products in the same way as every other application. This gives unified experience across respective platforms that are consuming the service/data offered by the API 

Here’s a simplified view of the flow: 

API Architecture

Explanation: An app or corporate system sends a request to the API gateway, which authenticates and routes it. The orchestration layer processes it using endpoints, pulling data from the core system via middleware. 

The orchestration layer (behind the gateway) breaks services—like catalog, shopping cart, or ordering—into modular endpoints, like building blocks online shops can share securely. The modular endpoints connect these APIs to core systems, translating the requests into formats that can be processed by the core system. Companies also provide developer portals with clear documentation and sandbox environments, simplifying integration for partners. 

This architecture can be built for scale. Banks process millions of transactions daily using load balancing to scale out resources, and distribute traffic in a dynamic fashion. This architecture could incorporate the use of in-memory databases and Queueing technologies to cache frequently used data for swifter processing. More so, this introduces rate limiting features which help isolate any problem areas without affecting the entire service as a whole. 

Challenges abound. One of such is the existence of legacy systems as many banks and organizations often rely on decades-old mainframes (core systems), thus requiring a middleware solution to bridge old and new systems—a complex but critical step. Another recent challenge is the need to enforce data privacy expectations, this has made encryption and data masking a necessary action. Encryption in itself comes with its own attendant side-effects especially where applied on data without proper service governance. It can slow performance, so banks and organizations use caching and optimized data flows to balance speed and security. Compliance with CBN guidelines and Nigeria’s data privacy laws demands robust

consent management and audit trails. Versioning APIs (e.g., /v1/payments) prevents disruptions when systems evolve. 

Real-world examples highlight APIs’ impact. Coronation Merchant Bank built the Dangote ISOP Collection API to streamline payments for Dangote’s distributors. These payments were previously riddled with slow reconciliations and delayed cash flow. The API integrates payments directly into Dangote’s ERP system and thereby automating the process, reducing errors, and strengthening business ties. Another bank used a KYC API to verify customer identities for loan applications, cutting onboarding time while meeting CBN standards. A third example involves a major Nigerian bank’s payment API, which enables instant corporate transfers for retailers, ensuring funds clear in seconds during peak sales. 

APIs are also driving open finance. The CBN’s 2023 guidelines expand APIs to cover credit, investment, and insurance data, enabling embedded finance—loans at retail checkouts or savings tools linked to salary accounts. This makes banking invisible yet ever-present, blending into daily life. 

The future is exciting. Banks are adopting API-first design, prioritizing APIs as core interfaces for faster innovation. AI-driven APIs are emerging, enabling fraud detection or tailored loan offers. Blockchain-based APIs promise secure cross-border payments. Event-driven architectures, using tools like Kafka, process real-time events like transaction alerts, boosting efficiency. 

At Coronation Merchant Bank, our APIs are business enablers. Our custom solutions, like the Dangote integration, solve real-world problems, while our investment banking desk advises on capital raising and partnerships, helping clients stay competitive. APIs lower barriers, drive growth, and deliver seamless experiences for customers. 

Nigeria’s financial future isn’t about who holds the most assets—it’s about who builds the strongest connections between data, money, and people. API architecture is the invisible engine powering that future, creating a connected, inclusive banking ecosystem.

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Economy

Nigerian Breweries Revenue Soars 53% to N733.2bn in Q2 2025

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Thibaut Boidin Nigerian Breweries

By Aduragbemi Omiyale

The unarguably dominant player in the country’s brewery sector, Nigerian Breweries Plc, impressed shareholders in the second quarter of 2025 with a 53 per cent year-on-year rise in revenue to N733.2 billion from the N478.8 billion achieved in the corresponding period of last year.

This improvement was largely driven by sustained innovation, strong commercial execution, optimisation of right pricing strategies amidst rising input costs, improvement in cost management, and enhanced operational efficiencies

Details of the financial statements of the brewery giant filed to the Nigerian Exchange (NGX) Limited showed that the net profit significantly grew by 204 per cent to N88.1 billion from a loss of N84.32 billion posted in the second of 2024.

This happened despite the rise in cost of sales by 32.71 per cent to N423.6 billion from N319.2 billion and a jump in selling, distribution, and administration expenses by 29 per cent to N159.6 billion from N124.0 billion in Q2 of 2024.

The Managing Director of Nigerian Breweries, Mr Thibaut Boidin, described the impressive performance as a reflection of its strong fundamentals and agility in navigating a challenging business landscape, which had been characterised by high inflation and constrained disposable income.

“The company also benefited from the prudent utilisation of the proceeds of the rights issue as the net financing costs went down significantly by 87 per cent.

“This deleveraging move has also strengthened the company’s balance sheet, in addition to lowering the exposure to financing costs in a high-interest rate environment,” he said.

Mr Boidin stated further that the elimination of foreign currency-denominated debts and the stability of the naira have resulted in a net foreign exchange gain during the period versus the loss reported in previous period.

Also commenting on the results, the Company Secretary and Legal Director, Mr Uaboi Agbebaku, reiterated the Board’s commitment to driving long-term value through a focus on cost optimisation, market execution, and strengthening brand equity across the portfolio.

“The full ownership and integration of the operations of Distell Wines and Spirits Nigeria Limited will further strengthen the platform for long-term value creation for our shareholders,” Mr Agbebaku added.

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Fitch Warns Nigeria, Others Over Gold Reserves Backing

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Gold Inflation Hedge

By Adedapo Adesanya

BMI, a unit of Fitch Group, has warned Nigeria and other sub-Saharan African central banks that have added gold to their reserves in recent years could face price and liquidity crises if the value of the commodity slides.

According to BMI, Nigeria, alongside bigger producers like Ghana and Tanzania, have been buying gold domestically to beef up their reserves, adding that this move has been accelerated by this year’s broader market volatility stoked by U.S. trade tariffs and other geopolitical risks.

Other countries include Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda and Namibia have taken active steps towards adding the metal into their reserves, while Burkina Faso has indicated it will build up its stockpile, and Zimbabwe has said its new ZIG currency is backed by gold reserves.

According to Reuters, Mr Orson Gard, a senior Sub-Saharan Africa analyst at BMI, gave the warning during an investor presentation on Wednesday.

“Gold is increasingly being used by sub-Saharan African markets as a strategic store of value,” Reuters quoted the analyst.

He raised risk worries citing Ghana, where an aggressive gold purchase programme has led to the metal accounting for a third of its reserves according to BMI calculations, driving a surge in the Cedi currency and potentially making the country’s exports less competitive.

The warning comes after the Governor of the Bank of Ghana, Mr Johnson Asiama, said on Wednesday that while the country was heavily exposed to movements in commodity prices, it was taking measures to protect itself against potential price shocks.

BMI also noted that the price of gold, which reached a record high earlier this year, may have peaked, adding that it faces potential downward pressure from any reduction in U.S. interest rates.

“Any sudden drop in global gold prices would have significant implications for those markets in sub-Saharan Africa which have rapidly increased gold as a share of their total reserves portfolio,” Mr Gard said.

He further warned that a gradual price decline over the medium-term could also have a negative impact on countries that started buying gold around its recent peak.

“This would not only weigh on reserve adequacy but would also undermine the perceived credibility of central bank policy,” he said.

Ghana and Tanzania, which also rely on gold exports, could be hit by the “double whammy” of a drop in the value of their reserves and lower export earnings, he said.

He also warned that governments could also struggle to convert their gold holdings into liquid assets like hard currencies, pointing to India and Argentina when they faced acute balance of payments challenges in the 1990s and 2000s, respectively.

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Dangote Cement to Commission 3Mta Grinding Plant in Côte d’Ivoire

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Dangote cement unclaimed dividends

By Aduragbemi Omiyale

The 3Mta grinding plant of Dangote Cement Plc in Côte d’Ivoire will be commissioned within the next two months, the management has confirmed.

The facility, ready for commissioning by the third quarter of this year, is expected to strengthen the company’s position in Africa and contribute significantly to its exports.

Dangote Cement is Africa’s leading cement producer with 52.0Mta capacity across Africa. A fully integrated quarry-to-customer producer that have a production capacity of 35.25Mta in Nigeria.

Its Obajana plant in Kogi state, Nigeria, is the largest in Africa with 16.25Mta of capacity across five lines; while its Ibese plant in Ogun State has four cement lines with a combined installed capacity of 12Mta.

In the same vein, its Gboko plant in Benue state has 4Mta, and its Okpella plant in Edo state has 3Mta. Through its recent investments, Dangote Cement has eliminated Nigeria’s dependence on imported cement and has transformed the nation into an exporter of cement and clinker, serving neighbouring countries.

In addition, the company has operations in Cameroon (1.5Mta clinker grinding), Congo (1.5Mta), Ghana (2.0Mta clinker grinding and import), Ethiopia (2.5Mta), Senegal (1.5Mta), Sierra Leone (0.5Mta import), South Africa (2.8Mta), Tanzania (3.0Mta), Zambia (1.5Mta).

The chief executive of Dangote Cement, Mr Arvind Pathak, in a note to the Nigerian Exchange (NGX) Limited, said the company is encouraged by the growth in its export business.

“Export volumes from Nigeria increased by 18.2%, with 18 successful clinker shipments made to Ghana and Cameroon. This demonstrates the growing importance of our pan-African footprint and our ongoing commitment to regional trade and self-sufficiency,” he said.

Mr Pathak also revealed that the company’s strategic priorities remain focused on long-term value creation, saying, Dangote Cement has made significant progress in further strengthening its cost architecture.

“During the period, we began the phased delivery of 1,600 additional CNG-powered trucks, which will significantly reduce our logistics costs and enhance environmental efficiency,” he stated.

Commenting on the financials for the second quarter, which he said was built on the company’s strength, resilience, and adaptability amidst improvements in key macroeconomic indicators, he said the company’s focus on operational efficiency and cost containment is delivering tangible results.

“Group EBITDA rose by an impressive 41.8 per cent to N944.9 billion, while group profit surged by 174.1 per cent. This remarkable performance is a testament to our disciplined execution, strong cost leadership, and the strategic investments we have made over the years,” he disclosed.

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