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Economy

Business Activities in Nigeria Worsen as Cash Crisis Sinks PMI to 42.3

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By Aduragbemi Omiyale

Business activities in the private sector in Nigeria further suffered from the cash crisis in the country as the Stanbic IBTC Bank Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI) showed a reading of 42.3 points in March 2023, in contrast to the 44.7 points reported in February 2023.

Readings above 50.0 signal an improvement in business conditions in the previous month, while readings below 50.0 show deterioration.

The Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) came up with a Naira redesign policy aimed at taming inflation, kidnapping, counterfeiting and vote-buying.

However, it battered the economy as many businesses suffered from the resultant cash crunch, forcing some state governments to convince the supreme court to reverse the policy.

In its latest report, Stanbic IBTC Bank said last month, Naira scarcity had a severe impact on business conditions as output and new orders fell more quickly than in February, while staffing levels and purchasing activity were scaled back again.

It further said while input costs and output prices continued to rise sharply, rates of inflation softened, with output prices increasing at the softest pace in almost three years, and suppliers’ delivery times shortening after having lengthened in February.

It was observed that the decline recorded in March was the most pronounced since the survey began in January 2014, apart from at the time of the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020.

As was the case in February, there were widespread reports from companies that customers were unable to commit to spending given cash shortages. This led to a substantial decline in new business, with the pace of contraction more pronounced than in the previous survey period. The same picture was seen with regard to business activity, which decreased at a rate only exceeded in April and May 2020.

All four broad sectors posted reductions in activity at the end of the first quarter. Companies reduced staffing levels slightly for the second month running, in part reflecting lower workloads but also due to difficulties paying wages. Lower workforce numbers limited the pace of staff cost inflation, which eased to a marginal rate that was the slowest since January 2021.

Stanbic IBTC Bank Purchasing activity was also scaled back, falling at the fastest pace since May 2020. In turn, inventory holdings also decreased. Inflationary pressures eased in March.

The pace at which purchase costs increased was the slowest in just under three years but remained sharp and faster than any seen prior to the pandemic.

The same picture was seen with regard to output prices, which rose at the slowest pace since April 2020. Suppliers’ delivery times shortened in March, following the first lengthening in more than five years during February.

Suppliers’ delivery times shortened in March, following the first lengthening in more than five years during February. Quicker deliveries reportedly reflected competition among suppliers.

The cash crisis acted to dampen confidence in the private sector in March, with sentiment the second lowest in the series’ history. Where output was predicted to rise, panellists linked this to investment intentions and business expansion plans.

Economy

Yuletide: Rite Foods Reiterates Commitment to Quality, Innovation

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By Adedapo Adesanya

Nigerian food and beverage company, Rite Foods Limited, has extended warm Yuletide greetings to Nigerians as families and communities worldwide come together to celebrate the Christmas season and usher in a new year filled with hope and renewed possibilities.

In a statement, Rite Foods encouraged consumers to savour these special occasions with its wide range of quality brands, including the 13 variants of Bigi Carbonated Soft Drinks, premium Bigi Table Water, Sosa Fruit Drink in its refreshing flavours, the Fearless Energy Drink, and its tasty sausage rolls — all produced in a world-class facility with modern technology and global best practices.

Speaking on the season, the Managing Director of Rite Foods Limited, Mr Seleem Adegunwa, said the company remains deeply committed to enriching the lives of consumers beyond refreshment. According to him, the Yuletide period underscores the values of generosity, unity, and gratitude, which resonate strongly with the company’s philosophy.

“Christmas is a season that reminds us of the importance of giving, togetherness, and gratitude. At Rite Foods, we are thankful for the continued trust of Nigerians in our brands. This season strengthens our resolve to consistently deliver quality products that bring joy to everyday moments while contributing positively to society,” Mr Adegunwa stated.

He noted that the company’s steady progress in brand acceptance, operational excellence, and responsible business practices reflects a culture of continuous improvement, innovation, and responsiveness to consumer needs. These efforts, he said, have further strengthened Rite Foods’ position as a proudly Nigerian brand with growing relevance and impact across the country.

Mr Adegunwa reaffirmed that Rite Foods will continue to invest in research and development, efficient production processes, and initiatives that support communities, while maintaining quality standards across its product portfolio.

“As the year comes to a close, Rite Foods Limited wishes Nigerians a joyful Christmas celebration and a prosperous New Year filled with peace, progress, and shared success.”

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Economy

Naira Appreciates to N1,443/$1 at Official FX Market

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By Adedapo Adesanya

The Naira closed the pre-Christmas trading day positive after it gained N6.61 or 0.46 per cent against the US Dollar in the Nigerian Autonomous Foreign Exchange Market (NAFEM) on Wednesday, December 24, trading at N1,443.38/$1 compared with the previous day’s N1,449.99/$1.

Equally, the Naira appreciated against the Pound Sterling in the same market segment by N1.30 to close at N1,949.57/£1 versus Tuesday’s closing price of N1,956.03/£1 and gained N2.94 on the Euro to finish at N1,701.31/€1 compared with the preceding day’s N1,707.65/€1.

At the parallel market, the local currency maintained stability against the greenback yesterday at N1,485/$1 and also traded flat at the GTBank forex counter at N1,465/$1.

Further support came as the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) funded international payments with additional $150 million sales to banks and authorised dealers at the official window.

This helped eased pressure on the local currency, reflecting a steep increase in imports. Market participants saw a sequence of exchange rate swings amidst limited FX inflows.

Last week, the apex bank led the pack in terms of FX supply into the market as total inflows fell by about 50 per cent week on week from $1.46 billion in the previous week.

Foreign portfolio investors’ inflows ranked behind exporters and the CBN supply, but there was support from non-bank corporate Dollar volume.

As for the cryptocurrency market, it witnessed a slight recovery as tokens struggled to attract either risk-on enthusiasm or defensive flows.

The inertia follows a sharp reversal earlier in the quarter. A heavy selloff in October pulled Bitcoin and other coins down from record levels, leaving BTC roughly down by 30 per cent since that period and on track for its weakest quarterly performance since the second quarter of 2022. But on Wednesday, its value went up by 0.9 per cent to $87,727.35.

Further, Ripple (XRP) appreciated by 1.7 per cent to $1.87, Cardano (ADA) expanded by 1.2 per cent to $0.3602, Dogecoin (DOGE) grew by 1.1 per cent to $0.1282, Litecoin (LTC) also increased by 1.1 per cent to $76.57, Solana (SOL) soared by 1.0 per cent to $122.31, Binance Coin (BNB) rose by 0.6 per cent to $842.37, and Ethereum (ETH) added 0.3 per cent to finish at $2,938.83, while the US Dollar Tether (USDT) and the US Dollar Coin (USDC) remained unchanged at $1.00 each.

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Economy

Oil Market Down Amid US Data, Geopolitical Tensions

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By Adedapo Adesanya

The oil market settled lower on Wednesday as investors weighed US economic growth and assessed the risk of supply disruptions from Venezuela and Russia.

Brent crude futures depleted by 14 cents or 0.2 per cent to close at $62.24 a barrel and the US West Texas Intermediate (WTI) crude futures declined by 3 cents or 0.05 per cent to $58.29 per barrel.

US data showed the world’s largest economy grew at its fastest pace in two years in the third quarter, fueled by robust consumer spending and a sharp rebound in exports.

The stronger-than-expected increase in gross domestic product last quarter, which was reported by the Commerce Department on Tuesday, showed gross domestic product (GDP) increased at a 4.3 per cent annualized rate last quarter, the fastest pace since the third quarter of 2023.

Still, Brent and WTI prices are on track to drop about 16 per cent and 18 per cent, respectively, this year, their steepest declines since 2020 when the COVID pandemic hit oil demand, as supply is expected to outpace demand next year.

On the supply side, disruptions to Venezuelan exports have been the most significant factor pushing up oil prices, while market analysts noted that Russian and Ukrainian attacks on each other’s energy infrastructure have also supported the market.

Recently, Ukraine launched a drone strike on a Russian shadow fleet vessel in the Mediterranean. The country has been attacking Russian oil refineries throughout 2024 and 2025, but has visibly widened its campaign in recent weeks, striking oil rigs in the Caspian Sea and claiming credit for sea-drone attacks on three tankers in the Black Sea.

Russian President Vladimir Putin, who ordered a full-scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, has threatened to sever Ukraine’s access to the Black Sea in response to the attacks on tankers, which he regards as piracy.

In Venezuela, loaded vessels are waiting for new directions from their owners after the US seized the supertanker Skipper earlier this month and targeted two additional vessels over the weekend.

Reuters reported that oil shipments from Kazakhstan via the Caspian Pipeline Consortium are set to drop by a third in December to the lowest since October 2024 after a Ukrainian drone attack damaged facilities at the main CPC export terminal.

The American Petroleum Institute (API) estimated that crude oil inventories in the US saw a build of 2.4 million barrels in the week ending December 19. Crude oil inventories shrank by 9.3 million barrels in the week prior. The US Energy Information Administration (EIA) is due to release official inventory data on Monday, later than usual due to the Christmas holiday.

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