By Adedapo Adesanya
The Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) is forecasting an ease in inflation from May 2024 but expects the average prices of goods and services to peak at 32.63 per cent in March 2024.
The Deputy Governor of the bank for Economic Policy Directorate, Mr Muhammad Sani Abdullahi, said this at the CITI-CEEMA Macro Conference held on Wednesday in London.
Nigeria’s inflation rose to 31.70 per cent in February 2024 from 29.90 per cent in January 2024.
Mr Abdullahi attributed the spike in inflation to three major factors: escalated energy costs, the impact of exchange rate fluctuations, and ongoing insecurity concerns.
“Headline inflation is expected to rise to 32.63 per cent in March 2024, due to high energy prices. Lingering impact of fuel subsidy removal, resulting in an increase in the cost of household utilities, transportation and production costs.
“Depreciation of the Naira resulting from the market-determined exchange rate policy is likely to have a passthrough effect on domestic prices.
“Impact of insecurity on food production, the winding down of the harvest season, and high cost of farm input could impact negatively food prices,” he said.
The CBN, however, anticipates a turnaround, with inflation expected to start its downward trajectory beginning in May 2024.
This optimism is based on a series of strategic measures to tackle rising inflation. Among these is the adoption of an inflation-targeting framework, deploying more active communication strategies, and shifting towards a tighter monetary policy stance.
The inflationary surge expected in the next two months is likely to happen despite tightened monetary policy by the Central Bank.
At the last Monetary Policy Meeting (MPC) in February, the apex bank increased the benchmark interest rate by 400 basis points to a record 22.75 per cent. The lender also increased the Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) to 45 per cent from the prior 32.5 per cent.
Furthermore, adjustments have been made to the asymmetric corridor around the MPR to +100/-700 basis points from +100/-300 basis points, signalling a robust stance on managing inflation expectations.
Justifying reasons for the hike, the CBN Governor, Mr Yemi Cardoso, explained that members considered various scenarios including whether to hold or hike policy and concluded that inflation could become more persistent in the medium term and pose more regulatory issues if not well-anchored.
By all indications, there are signals that more rate hikes will happen at the meeting scheduled to start on Monday, March 25.
Modupe Gbadeyanka 
Dipo Olowookere