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Economy

Currency in Circulation Jumps 56% to N2.5trn, Currency Outside Banks Now N2.1trn

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By Adedapo Adesanya

Data from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) has revealed that the currency in circulation (CIC) reached a year high of N2.5 trillion in May 2023, a 56 per cent jump from N1.6 trillion in March when a policy on new Naira notes was reversed.

The CIC comprises the currency outside the banking system and the vault cash of banks.

The total money supply in the country, however, fell slightly for the first time since July 2022 to N55.5 trillion, a slight difference compared to N55.6 trillion in April 2023.

Meanwhile, currency outside banks also rose to N2.1 trillion in May from N2 trillion at the end of April 2023.

On March 3, the Supreme Court ruled that old banknotes (N200, N500, and N1,000) remains legal tender until the end of the year.

Justice Emmanuel Agim said the correct process had not been followed.

“The directive given by President is invalid. Such directive is not just handed down after personal conversation with the governor of CBN (Central Bank of Nigeria),” he said.

The court also berated then-President Muhammadu Buhari for not obeying a previous provisional order to halt the policy until it decided the case. It said there was nothing to show that President Buhari’s directive for the release of old 200 naira notes until 10 April was implemented.

This culminated in the end of a short battle over a controversial monetary policy that saw the CBN last year introduce newly redesigned 200, N500, and N1,000 notes with tight deadlines to mop up the old notes from circulation.

The policy led to the scarcity of currency notes, bringing untold hardship to millions of citizens in an economy significantly driven by the informal sector with a large proportion of unbanked persons.

However, since the CBN announced that the notes were once again legal on March 13, currency in circulation in Nigeria has been on the rise.

Currency in circulation rose 71 per cent to N1.6 trillion in March from N982 billion in February 2023 and 41 per cent from March to N2.3 trillion in April 2023.

Currency outside banks has also risen in a similar trend growing by 71 per cent and 44 per cent month on month in March and April 2023, respectively.

Adedapo Adesanya is a journalist, polymath, and connoisseur of everything art. When he is not writing, he has his nose buried in one of the many books or articles he has bookmarked or simply listening to good music with a bottle of beer or wine. He supports the greatest club in the world, Manchester United F.C.

Economy

Yuletide: Rite Foods Reiterates Commitment to Quality, Innovation

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By Adedapo Adesanya

Nigerian food and beverage company, Rite Foods Limited, has extended warm Yuletide greetings to Nigerians as families and communities worldwide come together to celebrate the Christmas season and usher in a new year filled with hope and renewed possibilities.

In a statement, Rite Foods encouraged consumers to savour these special occasions with its wide range of quality brands, including the 13 variants of Bigi Carbonated Soft Drinks, premium Bigi Table Water, Sosa Fruit Drink in its refreshing flavours, the Fearless Energy Drink, and its tasty sausage rolls — all produced in a world-class facility with modern technology and global best practices.

Speaking on the season, the Managing Director of Rite Foods Limited, Mr Seleem Adegunwa, said the company remains deeply committed to enriching the lives of consumers beyond refreshment. According to him, the Yuletide period underscores the values of generosity, unity, and gratitude, which resonate strongly with the company’s philosophy.

“Christmas is a season that reminds us of the importance of giving, togetherness, and gratitude. At Rite Foods, we are thankful for the continued trust of Nigerians in our brands. This season strengthens our resolve to consistently deliver quality products that bring joy to everyday moments while contributing positively to society,” Mr Adegunwa stated.

He noted that the company’s steady progress in brand acceptance, operational excellence, and responsible business practices reflects a culture of continuous improvement, innovation, and responsiveness to consumer needs. These efforts, he said, have further strengthened Rite Foods’ position as a proudly Nigerian brand with growing relevance and impact across the country.

Mr Adegunwa reaffirmed that Rite Foods will continue to invest in research and development, efficient production processes, and initiatives that support communities, while maintaining quality standards across its product portfolio.

“As the year comes to a close, Rite Foods Limited wishes Nigerians a joyful Christmas celebration and a prosperous New Year filled with peace, progress, and shared success.”

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Economy

Naira Appreciates to N1,443/$1 at Official FX Market

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By Adedapo Adesanya

The Naira closed the pre-Christmas trading day positive after it gained N6.61 or 0.46 per cent against the US Dollar in the Nigerian Autonomous Foreign Exchange Market (NAFEM) on Wednesday, December 24, trading at N1,443.38/$1 compared with the previous day’s N1,449.99/$1.

Equally, the Naira appreciated against the Pound Sterling in the same market segment by N1.30 to close at N1,949.57/£1 versus Tuesday’s closing price of N1,956.03/£1 and gained N2.94 on the Euro to finish at N1,701.31/€1 compared with the preceding day’s N1,707.65/€1.

At the parallel market, the local currency maintained stability against the greenback yesterday at N1,485/$1 and also traded flat at the GTBank forex counter at N1,465/$1.

Further support came as the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) funded international payments with additional $150 million sales to banks and authorised dealers at the official window.

This helped eased pressure on the local currency, reflecting a steep increase in imports. Market participants saw a sequence of exchange rate swings amidst limited FX inflows.

Last week, the apex bank led the pack in terms of FX supply into the market as total inflows fell by about 50 per cent week on week from $1.46 billion in the previous week.

Foreign portfolio investors’ inflows ranked behind exporters and the CBN supply, but there was support from non-bank corporate Dollar volume.

As for the cryptocurrency market, it witnessed a slight recovery as tokens struggled to attract either risk-on enthusiasm or defensive flows.

The inertia follows a sharp reversal earlier in the quarter. A heavy selloff in October pulled Bitcoin and other coins down from record levels, leaving BTC roughly down by 30 per cent since that period and on track for its weakest quarterly performance since the second quarter of 2022. But on Wednesday, its value went up by 0.9 per cent to $87,727.35.

Further, Ripple (XRP) appreciated by 1.7 per cent to $1.87, Cardano (ADA) expanded by 1.2 per cent to $0.3602, Dogecoin (DOGE) grew by 1.1 per cent to $0.1282, Litecoin (LTC) also increased by 1.1 per cent to $76.57, Solana (SOL) soared by 1.0 per cent to $122.31, Binance Coin (BNB) rose by 0.6 per cent to $842.37, and Ethereum (ETH) added 0.3 per cent to finish at $2,938.83, while the US Dollar Tether (USDT) and the US Dollar Coin (USDC) remained unchanged at $1.00 each.

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Economy

Oil Market Down Amid US Data, Geopolitical Tensions

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By Adedapo Adesanya

The oil market settled lower on Wednesday as investors weighed US economic growth and assessed the risk of supply disruptions from Venezuela and Russia.

Brent crude futures depleted by 14 cents or 0.2 per cent to close at $62.24 a barrel and the US West Texas Intermediate (WTI) crude futures declined by 3 cents or 0.05 per cent to $58.29 per barrel.

US data showed the world’s largest economy grew at its fastest pace in two years in the third quarter, fueled by robust consumer spending and a sharp rebound in exports.

The stronger-than-expected increase in gross domestic product last quarter, which was reported by the Commerce Department on Tuesday, showed gross domestic product (GDP) increased at a 4.3 per cent annualized rate last quarter, the fastest pace since the third quarter of 2023.

Still, Brent and WTI prices are on track to drop about 16 per cent and 18 per cent, respectively, this year, their steepest declines since 2020 when the COVID pandemic hit oil demand, as supply is expected to outpace demand next year.

On the supply side, disruptions to Venezuelan exports have been the most significant factor pushing up oil prices, while market analysts noted that Russian and Ukrainian attacks on each other’s energy infrastructure have also supported the market.

Recently, Ukraine launched a drone strike on a Russian shadow fleet vessel in the Mediterranean. The country has been attacking Russian oil refineries throughout 2024 and 2025, but has visibly widened its campaign in recent weeks, striking oil rigs in the Caspian Sea and claiming credit for sea-drone attacks on three tankers in the Black Sea.

Russian President Vladimir Putin, who ordered a full-scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, has threatened to sever Ukraine’s access to the Black Sea in response to the attacks on tankers, which he regards as piracy.

In Venezuela, loaded vessels are waiting for new directions from their owners after the US seized the supertanker Skipper earlier this month and targeted two additional vessels over the weekend.

Reuters reported that oil shipments from Kazakhstan via the Caspian Pipeline Consortium are set to drop by a third in December to the lowest since October 2024 after a Ukrainian drone attack damaged facilities at the main CPC export terminal.

The American Petroleum Institute (API) estimated that crude oil inventories in the US saw a build of 2.4 million barrels in the week ending December 19. Crude oil inventories shrank by 9.3 million barrels in the week prior. The US Energy Information Administration (EIA) is due to release official inventory data on Monday, later than usual due to the Christmas holiday.

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